Library of Congress: dhaxalkooda dhaqanka aadanaha

Tan iyo markaas, sida Internet wuxuu soo galay nolosheena, iyo waxa la si adag u xididaysan, dhammaan maktabadaha adduunka ugu soo maray dheecaanka cad ka mid ah akhristayaasha. Ka dib oo dhan, sababta maktabadda tegi, haddii World Wide Web ay helaan ku dhowaad wixii macluumaad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caddaynta this waxaa lala tiigsan karaa, la siiyey in noocyo kala duwan oo aad u weyn xagga shuqullada suugaanta, treatises sayniska iyo qalab kale oo badan oo aan weli la digital ah. wax muhiim dhif badan oo run ahaantii aan macquul aheyn in la helo Internet-ka. Sidee iyo taaban qoraal gacmeedyada hore ama ka fiiri iyada oo wargeyska files yellowed ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Iyo in loogu talagalay oo keliya akhristaha fudud! Sidaas daraaddeed maktabadaha waaweyn miisaaniyadda ballaaran weli waa caan. Waayo, aqoonyahano, qorayaal, siyaasiyiin iyo dad kale oo badan, iyagu waa fudud maarmin. Mid ka mid ah repositories sida muhiimka ah ee aqoonta adduunyo ee dhaw waa States Library United ee Congress.

Taariikhda iyo Horumarinta

Waxaa la aasaasay by Madaxweynaha Maraykanka John Adams April 24, 1800, markii uu u dhaqaaqay caasimadda ah ee Mareykanka ka soo Philadelphia in Washington. Waxa uu sidoo kale muujiyey 5 kun oo doolar for iibka ah ee buugaagta ee baahida Congress iyo abuurista qol gaar ah si ay u kaydiso. Maktabadda waxa uu ku yaalaa ee Capitol ah. Isticmaal waxay noqon kartaa oo kaliya Madaxweynaha, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka iyo xubnaha Senate ka iyo Congress United States. Taasina waa sababta ay magaca, helay "ayuu Library of Congress."

fiiro gaar ah waxaa la siiyaa iyo madaxa xiga ee gobolka in - Thomas Jefferson, kuwaas oo ahaa bibliophile aad u xiiseeya. Waxa uu leeyahay door muhiim ah ka mid ah maktabadda si firfircoon buuxsameen ay fund. Inta lagu guda jiro dagaal u dhaxeeya England iyo America sannadaha 1812-1814 Washington ayaa waxaa si xun u dhaawacay by dab, Capitol la gubay oo dhulka ku. Dzheyms Medison, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa madaxweynaha, iyo dib u maktabadda iibsaday Jefferson in ku dhow lix iyo badh kun oo buugaagta ka archive shakhsi ahaaneed. Library US Congress ayaa dab kale in 1851 ka badbaaday, markii ay guul darro ka badan nus ka mid ah uu aasaas. In 50-mada ay qarnigii XIX waxaa la furay helaan wasiirada, xubnaha Maxkamadda Sare, aqoonsan saynisyahano, qorayaasha, saxafiyiinta. amar muhiim ah la ansixiyay in 1870 by dibna madaxa maktabadda Ainsworth Rand Spofford in hal nuqul oo mid kasta oo ka mid ah daabacaadda dadweynaha lagu daabacay Mareykanka, waxaa lagu soo gudbin doonaa in BC ah. A nidaamka qoondaynta haboon waxaa sameeyay buugaag hoggaamiyaha xiga, Herbert Putnam. maktabadda Personal of 81 kun oo buugag iyo joornaalo (inta badan taariikhda Ruush) Ruush bibliophile baayacmushtariga Yudin, Gennady Vasilyevich ee 1907, waxaa lagu soo iibsaday iyo wareejiyo qasnadda. meel A halkaas oo ay jiraan ururinta ugu weyn ee buugaagta ee ka baxsan Ruush of Russia - waa Library of Congress. Maktabadda Qaranka ayaa helay xaaladda ka mid ah 30-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

Heritage binu-aadmiga oo dhan

The fund BC ugu horeysay ka koobnayd oo kaliya 740 buugaag iyo saddex maps. Muddo sanado ah, in kasta oo ay dabka ka, ayaa gelitaanka koray maal, iyo maanta maktabadda Congress Maraykanka waa weyn ee dunida. Maanta, waxa uu haystaa in ka badan 150 milyan oo ka mid ah dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee qalabka. Haddii aan u cabbirno dhererka khaanadaha, waxaad ka heli wax ka badan 1000 km. Maktabadda ee Congress bandhigaysaa koob in 470 luqadood ee dunida. Waxaa jira in ka badan soddon milyan oo buugaag, 60 million qoraallada, in ka badan hal milyan oo wargeysyada ka badan 300 oo sano ee la soo dhaafay, waxay ku dhowaayeen shan milyan oo maps, iyo in ka badan hal milyan oo publications dawladda Maraykanka, ururinta maktabadda waxaa ka mid ah malaayiin sawirada, filimada iyo cajalado dhawaaqa. Sannad kasta, fund waa buuxsameen by 1-3 milyan oo unugyada.

Temple Aqoonta ee Numbers

Si aad u taariikhda, helitaanka Library ee Congress waa la heli karaa qof kasta oo xiiso da'doodu ka yar tahay 16 sano. True, dhammaan macluumaadka ma aha si xor ah laga heli karo, qayb ka mid ah si qarsoodi ah. Iyadoo hantida shaqeyn karaan oo keliya qolka akhriska, wadar ahaan 20 kursi for akhristayaasha - 1460. About 3500 shaqaalaha waxaa shaqeeyaan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, shaqada on digitization ee fund maktabadda si firfircoon lama hayo, weli waxaa la dhigay oo keliya 10%. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta hordhaca ah, mugga oo dhan BC ee foomka digital 20 terabytes.

muuqaalka

Haddaba Library of Congress (photo ku lifaaqan) waxaa ku yaal saddex dhisme oo ku yaal on Capitol Hill, u dhaxeeya ay ku xiran yihiin meelihii dhulka hoostiisa iyo khasnadaha. Dhismaha ugu da'da weyn oo ugu weyn, magacaabay ka dib markii Thomas Jefferson, waxaa la dhisay 1890 ah mid wakiil ka ah dhalaalaya oo Architecture "sharraxnaan jirtay Age." In 1939, dhismaha ugu weyn waxaa jiray dhisme Dzhona Adamsa. Its feature soocayaa - albaabbada naxaasta ahayd sanamyadooda ilaahyo mythologies kala duwan ee dunida ku saabsan. dhismaha saddexaad albaabbadeedii oo dadweynaha la furay 70-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay oo waa xusuus madaxweynaha kale US - James Madison. In qaybtan ka mid ah BC waa masraxa Mary Pickford, kuwaas oo si joogto ah u muujinaysaa filimada lacag la'aan ah iyo sawirada TV-ga ka soo uruuriyaa Library ee. Campus Packard - si loo yaqaan xarunta qalabka muuqaalka iyo audio kaydinta, furay sanadkii 2007 iyo waa dhismaha cusub, waxa ay ku taalaa Culpeper, Virginia. dhismaha ayaa waxaa dib ka dhufays hore, oo magiciisana waxay ka timaadaa magaca Daa'uud ku Woodley Packard, oo madax ka ah Machadka Humanities, kuwaas oo loogu talagalay xerada. Mid ka mid ah qaybo ka mid muhiim ah oo adag waa shineemo, ka dhigay in ay style Art Deco.

Xafiiska copyright

The Library of Congress waa mid gaar ah in 130 sano, fuliya diiwaangelinta copyright. Waa maktabadda kaliya qaranka ee dunida ka go'an in ay deebaajiga ah waa muhiim, sababtoo ah waxa ay keentaa dakhliga iyo kordhinayaan in badalkooda lacagaha kharash ku ah horyaalka cusub ugu xiisaha badan. Xafiiska Copyright diiwaan ma aha oo kaliya shuqullada qoraaga American, adeegyadan ka faa'iidaysan karaan shacabka waddamada kale. Diiwaangeli gabi ahaanba nooc kasta oo shaqo, sida suugaanta, muusikada, shuqullada masrixiyada, sawiro, khariidado, qalabka kor uqaadida, barnaamijyada computer iyo ciyaaraha, iyo wax ka badan. Isticmaal adeegyada Bureau waxaa laga yaabaa on internetka, buuxinta codsiga foomka elektaroonik ah iyo samaynta lacagta loo baahan yahay in xisaabta.