Karl Haushofer: Biography, photos, aragti, shuqullada waaweyn

aabbihiis caan ah oo caan ah geopolitics Jarmal, Karl Haushofer ahaa shakhsi dhexe ee this anshaxa cusub, tan iyo markii la aasaasay rasmiga ah ee 1924 ilaa 1945. Xiriirkiisa taliskii Hitler uu ahaa natiijo ah oo qiimayn hal dhinac ah iyo qayb ahaan sax ahayn ee uu shaqada iyo u ciyaaro doorkooda. Xaaladdan ayaa ka adkaaday oo dhan muddada post-dagaal. Oo kaliya ee tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay, dhowr qorayaasha ayaa soo saartay muuqaal ah oo aad u miisaaman, ma in dib loo habeeyo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ama pseudoscience.

Karl Haushofer (photo soo bandhigay maqaal ah) waxa uu ku dhashay August 27, 1869 in Munich ee qoyska laandheere Bavarian iyo isku daraa oo talanti sayniska, farshaxanka iyo hal abuur leh. Uu awoowe, Max Haushofer (1811-1866), wuxuu ahaa professor ah muuqaalkii ugu Academy Prague ee Arts. Adeerkiis, Carl von Haushofer (1839-1895), kii ka dib markii uu la odhan jiray, wuxuu ahaa rinjiile ah, qoraaga waraaqo cilmi ah, Professor of Mineralogy iyo Director of Technical University of Munich.

Karl Haushofer: Biography

Carl ahaa ina kaliya Max (1840-1907) iyo Adelheid (1844-1872) Haushofer. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa professor dhaqaalaha ee jaamacadda isla. deegaan kobcinaya noocan oo kale ah ma saameyn karto Charles, kuwaas oo lahaa hiwaayadaha badan.

Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga sare ee 1887, wuxuu iska diiwaangeliso Regent Prince ka Luitpold guutada Bavaria. Karl noqday sarkaal 1889 oo wax fiiriyey dagaal sida tijaabo wayn ee sharafta aadanaha iyo dalka.

door weyn ka ciyaaray by uu guurka ee August 1896 Martha Mayer-Doss (1877-1946). Haweenka hoggaansanaan ee aqoonta sare leh saamayn weyn ku saabsan nolosha xirfadeed iyo qof ahaaneed ee ninkeeda. Waxay isaga lagu dhiirigelinayaa in ay racfaan ka xirfad waxbarasho iyo isaga ka caawiyay in uu shaqada. Xaqiiqada ah in iyada oo aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa nin Yuhuudi ah, Haushofer abuuri lahaa dhibaatooyinka inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Nazi.

In 1895-1897 GG. Carl keentay taxane ah oo koorsooyin akadeemiga Bavarian military, halkaas oo uu baray taariikh military casriga ah ee 1894. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax yar ka dib daabacaadan koowaad ee falanqaynta ah oo dhaqdhaqaaq militari, dhaleeceeyay mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha uu, ee 1907, Haushofer lagu wareejiyay horyaalka heerka saddexaad ee Landau.

safrida

Carl booday at fursad ugu horeeyay ee halkaas ka baxsadaan, aqbalay dalab Wasiirka Bavarian dagaalka ee jagooyinka ee Japan. Joogista East Asia ayaa noqday sababta keeno in uu juqraafiga xirfadiisa iyo geopolitics. Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 19 ilaa February 18, 1909, uu u safray uu naagtiisa ka dhex Ceylon, Burma, India iyo Japan oo leh. Halkan Haushofer loo diray safaaradda Jarmalka, ka dibna Qaybta 16aad ee Kyoto. laba jeer wuxuu la gooyo Mutsushito, kuwaas oo, sida dabaqadda kale ee deegaanka, wacdarro dhigay xoog isaga la kulmay. Haushofer ka Japan dhigay safar saddex toddobaad ay u Korea iyo China. Bishii June 1910, ayuu u Munich ku soo laabtay on tareenka Trans-Siberian. hal booqasho Tani waxay u Land of Qorraxda oo soo Muuqata iyo la kulanka aristocracy ka caawiyay qaabka uu views la qurxiyey oo ugu danbeyn huriye ku saabsan Japan.

Buuggu wuxuu ugu horeysay

Si xun u xanuunsan halka safraya, Haushofer baray si kooban ugu Military Academy Bavarian ah, ka hor inta aysan fasax aan la bixin ee 1912-1913. March u waxyoonay si ay u abuuraan ay buugga ugu horeysay "Dai Nihon. Falanqaynta xoogga Great Japanese military mustaqbalka "(1913). In ka yar 4 bilood March Yeedhiyaa ilaa 400 bog oo qoraal ah. iskaashiga Tani badan dhala hagaajin doonaa oo kaliya in tiro ka mid ah publications ku xiga.

xirfadiisa tacliimeed

Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee la taaban karo xagga mustaqbalkiisa waxbarasho Haushofer ahaa rasiidka ee waaweyn ee 44-sano jirka ah ee April 1913 at the University of Munich sida arday phD hoos Professor Erich von Drygalski. 7 bilood ka dib, wuxuu helay doctorate ah ee joqraafiga, cilmi dhul iyo taariikhda, iyadoo sha a xaq u leedahay "The qaybgalka Jarmal ee horumarinta Japan ayaa meel juquraafi iyo subyaponskogo. Uu saamayn kobcinaya oo ka mid ah dagaal iyo siyaasadda military "(1914).

Shaqadiisii waa la kala gooyey by adeegga intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii koowaad World, inta badan Front Galbeed, taas oo uu ku dhameystirtay at darajo Taliyaha qeybinta. Isla markii uu ku soo laabtay Munich bishii December 1918, wuxuu bilaabay inuu hoos imaanaya hoggaanka hore ee ra'yigaa ee "The tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee horumarka ah ee juquraafi Empire of Japan" (1919), kaas oo lagu soo dhamaystay 4 bilood ka shaqeeya. ilaalinta muxaadaro raacay in July 1919 oo ku saabsan badaha Japan gudaha iyo magacaabista ah in macalimiinta (ka dib 1921 - Horyaalka sharaf) in juqraafiga. Bishii Oktoobar 1919 Karl Haushofer at da'da 50-ka sano ka fariistay ee ku darajo wayn ee guud waaweyn oo bilaabay isaga kooxdiisana koowaad ee casharo on "anthropogeography East Asia."

Aqoon Hess

In 1919 Haushofer kulmay Rudolf Hess iyo Oscar Ritter von Niedermeyer. In 1920, Hess noqday ardayga iyo arday ka qalin ah, iyo ku biiray Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Qaranka German Workers '. Rudolph xidhay la Hitler ee qayaanay ka dib markii isku day fashilmay afgambi ee 1924. Haushofer waxaa soo booqday arday 8 jeer oo ku beegnaa la Fuhrer mustaqbalka la kulmay. Ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay 1933, Hess, ku xigeenka Hitler, ayaa noqday sokoeye ee geopolitics, daafacayay talo iyo xirriirka la taliskii Nazi.

In 1919, von Niedermayer - phD Dryganski, sirkaal u ahaa ciidanka dalka Jarmalka iyo ka dib ah borofisar cilmiga military ee Jaamacadda Berlin - Haushofer soo jiitay horumarinta siyaasada Germany ee dhinaca Japan. In 1921, ayuu isagii yeelsiisay inuu diyaariyo warbixin qarsoodi ah oo ku saabsan arrimaha Asian Bariga Wasaaradda Jarmal ee gaashaandhigga. Tani waxa ay dhalisay in ka qaybgalka Carla wadahadalo geesoodka sir ah oo dhexmaray Germany, Japan iyo USSR ee December 1923, iyo aqoonsi kordhaya ee wareegyada siyaasadeed sida khabiir ugu fiican Jarmal on Japan.

Karl Haushofer Geopolitics

Bilaabay bandhiga fikradaha uu by sii daayo calaamadeeyay in 1924 ee buugga "The Geopolitics ee Badweynta Pacific." Isla sanadkaas, waxa ay bilowday wax soo saarka ee Macalester "Geopolitics", kuwaas oo editor ahaa Karl Haushofer. Shuqullada ugu weyn ee la xiriira doorka cilmiga Xudduudda Lahayn (1927), a digsiga-fikrado (1931), iyo isku dayga in la dhiso aasaaska difaaca geopolitics (1932). Laakiin magazine ayaa had iyo jeer ku hadhay isaga oo qalab ugu muhiimsan.

Waxa ay ahayd nooc ka mid ah ganacsiga qoyska, A. uu laba synovitis hibada, Albrecht oo Heinz, gaar ahaan dambe, ayaa ka qaybgalayaasha u firfircoon of this ie.. Labada helay doctorate ah ee 1028, wuxuu noqday macalimiinta ee 1930, oo hoos Hitler qabsadeen posts dowladda sare, Albrecht - Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, iyo Heinz - Wasaaradda Beeraha.

Ilaa 1931 Karl Haushofer daabacay "geopolitics" iyadoo lala kaashanayo geographers dhallinyarada Germanom Lautenzahom Otto Maullem iyo Erich Obst. Inta lagu guda jiro ubax wargeyska u soo ahaa marxuumkii 1920, waxay ku daabacan horudhac guud sayniska ee "Qaybaha geopolitical" (1928). In kitaabkan, qorayaasha fikiray geopolitics sayniska codsatay la xiriira siyaasadda casriga ah, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay in la ogaado qaabka geeddi socodka siyaasadeed ee ay xidhiidh la leh meel barbaro saadaasha siyaasadeed. Saddex sano ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaaf ku saabsan sida ay "scientific" joornaal waa in loo qiimeeyo siyaasadda ee hadda, oo horseeday in bixitaankii ah tafatirayaasha ka yar. Haushofer ahaa editor kaliya ee ka 1932 ilaa la joojiyo oo la daabaco ee 1944

koritaanka Career

Ka dib markii Hitler in ay awood u yimid in January 1933 Career Geopolitics iyo doorka ay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan sababo la xiriira xiriirka dhow la leh Rudolfom Gessom. In muddo gaaban uu qaaday talaabooyin dhowr ah si loo hagaajiyo xaaladda ay tacliinta. Markii hore, uu baxnaaninta ayaa lagu badalaa "Germanism dibadda, difaaca xuduudaha iyo juqraafiga." In July 1933 at codsi ka yimid wakiilka ah Hitler ee Bavaria Franz Xavier Ritter von EPP, Haushofer kale dugsiga iyo ciidankii, uu la siiyey horyaalka iyo mudnaanta, laakiin aan booska iyo mushaarka of professor ah. In isku midka ah, wakiillo ka kala duwan ee Jaamacadda Munich iyo Wasaaradda Bavarian ku dhaqanka isaga u sharaxan post ee Raktarka jaamacadda - talaabo loo qaaday ujeeddo ah isticmaalka sabab u ah Hitler gacantiisa midig si uu u ilaaliyo hay'ad ka mid ah manipulations Nazi. Carl Hess ugu baaqay in ay joojiyaan isku dayga kuwan. Dhinaca kale, Hess ku dooday in dhismaha Wasaaradda Difaaca waayo, juqraafiga Haushofer ama geopolitics, laakiin Wasiirka Bavarian ee Dhaqanka isaga ayaa beeniyay in this. Haushofer hadhay xubin ka durugsan ee Munich ay gacanta ku juqraafi, inkasta oo ay xaaladda uu ku koray gelitaanka indhaha dadweynaha.

dunida Jarmal

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada naasiga ah, wuxuu qabtay jagooyinka sare ee saddex urur oo ku lug leh horumarinta dhaqanka Jarmal iyo Jarmal ee dibada. Xisbiga Nazi The, ma uu geli, maxaa yeelay, waxaa jira barnaamijyo iyo dhaqanka aan la aqbali karin oo badan. On lid ku ah, inuu isku dayay inuu ciyaaro doorka dhexdhexaadiye u dhexeeya xubnaha xisbiga iyo xisbiyada aan, in kastoo aan guul, ay sabab u tahay nazification sii kordhaysa cadaadis iyo isku qasin siyaasadda iyo isqabqabsi in adkaaday ee xisbiga iyo xukuumaddu ay ku sannadaha hore ee taliskii Nazi.

In 1933 Hess ahaa mas'uul ka ah arrimaha qowmiyadaha ee Germany, wuxuu abuuray Guddiga ka mid ah qowmiyadaha Jarmalka, oo madaxiisa noqday Haushofer. Golaha lahaa awood u leeyahay inuu sameeyo siyaasad ku wajahan Jarmalka qowmiyadaha dibadda. Haushofer ahaa hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee la shaqayna Hess iyo ururada kale ee Nazi. khilaafka A oo xiiso leh masuuliyiinta xisbiga keentay in kala diridda ee Guddiga ee 1936

Sidoo kale 1933, Academy for nazification cabsi, Haushofer loo bixiyey inuu qaado meel aad u muhiim ah. Member of Academy ee 1925, loo doortay madaxweyne ku xigeenka ee 1933 iyo madaxweynaha ee 1934. Inkastoo Karl tagay post sababtoo ah colaadda la hoggaanka, wuxuu ku hadhay oo xubin ka ah golaha gudaha wakiil rasmi ah ee Hess ilaa 1941

Ururka muhiim saddexaad, taas oo markii qaar ka mid ah ayaa waxaa madax u ah saynisyahan a, wuxuu ahaa Ururka Dadka ee Jarmalka iyo dhaqanka Jarmal dibadda. At initiative ee Hess, Haushofer noqday guddoomiyaha bishii December 1938 oo lagu qabtay meel ilaa September 1942, ciyaaro doorka magac, sida ay ahayd mar urur madax banaan oo noqday aalad dacaayad ah fikrado badan oo Reich Jarmalka ah.

Fikrado iyo aragtiyo

u kaca Nazi in awoodda tagay calaamad ah oo ku saabsan shaqada ay saynisyahano, in kastoo dheeraad ah oo qaab ka badan in content. Tani waxay si gaar cad in uu hawsha allifaadda gaaban "fikrad Socialist Qaranka ee aragtida caalamiga ah" (1933), kaas oo taxane ah oo "New Reich 'Academy ayaa la bilaabay. In iyada Socialism Qaranka ayaa waxaa lagu sawiray sida dhaqdhaqaaq caalami ah oo cusboonaysiinta qaranka, iyo waayaha firfircoonida iyo gaar ollogga ah ee bulshooyinka saboolka ah, kaas oo uu qoraagu tirin Germany, Italy iyo Japan. In 1934 wuxuu raacay si weyn loo faafin "Contemporary World Politics" (1934) - caan ah dheef shiidid fikrado hore daabacay in taageero mabaadiida siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Nazi, in ilaa 1938 ku dhowaad beegantay rabitaanka Haushofer. Waxaa ka mid ah buugaag badan oo ku saabsan Japan, Central Europe iyo Arrimaha Caalamiga ah, ka dib markii la daabacay 1933, "Oceans iyo awoodaha dunida" (1937) door gaar ah. Waxaa la midoobeen aragti geopolitical ee Karl Haushofer, sida laga soo xigtay oo xoogga awood badda waa muhiim.

khasaare deg deg ah oo saamayn iyo kordhaya hab niyad sifaha sano uu ka dib, geopolitics ka dib markii uu ka soo tagay jaamacadda. Isla sanadkaas uu dullowganaga iyo muujiyeen la'aan ah saameyn siyaasadeed, mamnuucaya edition labaad ee buugga "Soohdimaha" (1927) ka dib markii dibad dowlada Talyaaniga ee ku saabsan fasiraadda uu qowmiyadda Jarmal ee South Tyrol. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ka dib markii fulinta waajibaadka taliye Shirkii Munich ee bishii September 1938, taas oo keentay in badhkood of Sudetenland ah, Carl qirtay in uu talo Hitler in ay ka fogaadaan ballaarinta dheeraad ah la dayaco in baaris kaligii taliye ee dagaal caalami ah.

Fikradda ah block qaaradda Karla Hauskhofera noqday mid ka mid ah fikradaha ay ugu muhiimsan. Waxaa ku salaysan heshiis ka dhexeeya Berlin, Moscow iyo Tokyo. Mashruucan ayaa waxaa la hirgeliyey ka August 1939 in December 1940, ilaa maalintii la aasay Germany dagaalka kula USSR. Fikradda ku saabsan mustaqbalka iska hor imaad u dhexeeya badda iyo Kooxahan qaaradda.

Karl Haushofer - qoraaga aragtida of block qaaradda - adag oo aad u colaadeed in ay Poland, taas oo keentay in uu taageero xamaasad leh oo ka mid ah Heshiiska Molotov-Ribbentrop, in la baabi'iyo dalka.

shil

Tan iyo dhamaadkii 1940, iyo Karl Albrecht, wada jir ah ula Hess baarayaa suurogal ah in ay nabad kula jooga Britain. Waxaa dhammaaday horyaalka ee Hess in Scotland May 10, 1941, halkaas oo uu ka hadlay hanjabaad ah, waxbay ushafeeci idanka muuqashadii yar in qorshaha nabadda kor loogu bixiyey by Albrecht. Sidaas darteed, Haushofer ayaa laga badiyay uu gargaare ma aha oo kaliya, in muhiim ahaa, ka fiirsaneysa inay asal ahaan Yuhuudda ee Martha, laakiin sidoo kale kiciyey tuhun iyo fiiro gaar ah. Carl waxaa ay su'aalo weydiinayaan booliska qarsoodi ah, iyo Albrecht gabagabeeyay yahay 8 toddobaad. Raacay Haushofer daryeel ka dhan jagooyinka qabsadeen siyaasadeed la go'doomin is-rogay ka September 1942 ee Bavarian Manor ah. Isaga oo xaaladda sii xumaatay ka dib markii isku day dil on Hitler July 20, 1944 ka, sida Albrecht ka qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa, taas oo abaabulan. Charles kaalinta 4 toddobaad ee Dachau iyo wiilashiisii ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Berlin. Waxaa Albrecht lagu dilay SS April 23, 1945 Heinz badbaaday dagaalka oo noqday Fiisooyinka caan ah iyo qofka ilmaha masuulka ka ah kaydka qoyska.

Dagaalka ka dib, maamulka Maraykanka Haushofer su'aalo la xiriira shaqada iyo hawlaha siyaasadeed, laakiin ma isaga oo aan soo jiitaan inay ka qayb qaataan ka Maxkamadeyn Nuremberg, sida uu doorka ay adag tahay in la caddeeyo dagaalka. Wuxuu ayaa lagu qasbay in la abuuro dukumenti in loo moodayay inuu badbaadiyo jiilalka mustaqbalka ka geopolitics Jarmal. Ka dib markii shaqada la qoray kooban "Ilaalinta geopolitics Jarmal" (1946), kaas oo aan mar dambe sharxayaa iyo xaq hawshiinna oo uu ka badan raali iyaga u, 10 March 1946, Karl Haushofer iyo xaaskiisa ka go'an ismiidaamin ah.