Jirka ah ee nafaqada. Fundamentals of jirka ah ee nafaqada

Cuntada - mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee caafimaadka, hawlaha iyo tayada nolosha guud. Laakiin, si loo hubiyo in qaybaha oo dhan la fuliyo, waa sahayda waqtiga loo baahan yahay jidhka la walxaha qaarkood in saamiga xaq iyo mugga. Physiology ee nafaqada daraasaad sida ay Halabuurka ee cuntada aadanaha waa in: sida badan waxay u baahan tahay borotiin, baruurta, carbohydrates, fitamiin iyo macdan shaqaynaya fiicnayn. Sidoo kale, laan this of science diiradda on hababka iyo jeer cuntada, ay mugga, iyo guryaha jireed.

carbohydrates

Physiology of carbohydrates nafaqada aadanaha ku meelaynayaa door hogaamineed -shiid tamarta. Thanks iyaga, shaqsi uu helo saad degdeg ah ee xoogga iyo tamarta, ay ka mid yihiin waxqabadka maskaxda. Carbohydrates qabtaan dhowr hawlood oo muhiim ah:

• caag ah (qayb ka mid ah unugyada xubnaha kala duwan);
• sharciyeed (hana u oggolaan inay ku ururto baruurta ketones reactions qayilo);
• toning (geedi socodka firfircoon habka dareemayaasha jirka);
• naanin (bixitaanka kiimikada u aabayeelin).

Ratio dhismeedka kiimikada ee hydrogen iyo oxygen atamka la mid ah u taagoo biyo.

cuntooyinka ayaa ka helay saddex nooc oo carbohydrates:

• xeryahooda monosaccharide (wakiil glucose iyo fructose);
• oligosaccharide xarunta (wakiil saccharose, lactose iyo maltose);
• xeryahooda polysaccharide (noqde wakiil, glycogen, cellulose iyo klorofyll walxaha).

Ilaha carbohydrates - horrayn waa cuntada dhirta, miraha, khudaarta, badarka, iwm ...

dufanka

jirka aasaasiga ah iyo nadaafadda cuntada ku jira qayb ku saabsan dufanka sida ku saabsan waaxood oo aasaasi ah oo cunto ah, sababtoo ah qiimaha tamarta waa labo jeer sida sare ka badan in of protein iyo carbohydrates. Subaga ay qayb ka yihiin qaab-dhismeedka iyo geedi socodka dhismaha unugyada.

Kaliya in joogitaanka baruurta, kala diridda iyo nuugista vitamins A, D iyo E. xeryahooda The egyahay oo ah walaxda bayoloji firfircoon xaadirka ah: tocopherol, soyalecitin, sterol dufan acid. Hagaajinta dhadhanka cuntada iyo in la kordhiyo ay qiimo nafaqo suurto gal dheeriga ah ee baruurta.

Subagga cuntooyinka - waa, in fact, xeryahooda muhiim ah oo glycerine iyo dufanka leh acids. Recent qaybiyay laba qaybood: cokan iyo roodhida. muhiimadda ay leedahay noolaha awood Physiology weyn saaraysaa acids dufan dufannada, iyaga Sinay in vitamins.

Subaga cuntooyinka xoolaha waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in acids cokan dufanka leh (hilibka doofaarka, hilibka lo'da, iyo wan yar, iwm ...) In warshadda - roodhida (saliid, nuts, miraha).

borotiinada

Fundamentals of jirka ah borotiinada nafaqada loo qoondeeyey sida xaalad loo baahan yahay ee nolosha. Waxaa la dhisay dhammaan unugyada iyo unugyada ee jidhka bini'aadamka. Shaqooyinka borotiinada yihiin kala duwan: caag ah, Hannaan ah, taas oo soo celin, difaaca, antitoxic, gaadiidka iyo kuwa kale.

KIIMIKADA borotiinada nitrogenous waa polymers adag ka kooban acids amino 25 noocyada waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in cuntada. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin ciyaaray by jidhka (laysku beddelid karo), qaar ka mid ah yimaadaan oo keliya cunto (muhiim ah).

Nadaafadda iyo nafaqada jirka tixgeliyaan muhiimadda ay leedahay waxyaabaha protein, gaar ahaan kuwa ku jira kuwaas oo ay jiraan borotiinada dhameystiran, la Halabuurka a amino acid isku dheeli tiran. Gaar ahaan ku haboon marka la eego waxa ay kala yihiin wax soo saarka ah ee asal ahaan xayawaanka (hilibka, ukunta, caanaha). borotiinada Plant inta badan waa ay yar yihiin ee adag lagama maarmaan ah amino acid (iminka faaruq ah, kaleh, digirta, bran, iyo wixii la mid ah. d.).

macronutrients

Aasaaska Cuntada jirka loo arkaa macrocells sida walxaha lagama maarmaanka u ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee jidhka ku lug-shiid ee heerarka kala duwan. Gaar ahaan muhiim u yihiin qalabka dhismaha lafaha baahan calcium iyo fosfooraska.

By macroelements waa:

• calcium (caano, cheese, cheese);
• fosfooraska (kalluunka, hilibka, kibis, cheese, digirta, cereals);
• magnesium (rootiga, cereals, digirta, lowska);
• sodium (sodium cusbo);
• potassium (baradho, tufaax, digirta, peas);
• chloro (kibis, cusbo);
• baaruud (hilib, kalluun, ukun).

Deficiency of macronutrients keenta in cuduro kala duwan ee xubnaha iyo nidaamyada, ugu horrayn saamayn ku lafaha iyo xididdada dhiigga.

nafaqeeyayaalka

xubno ka raad qabtaan tiro ka mid ah hawlaha gaar ah, hawlgalka si mug leh jidhka oo dhan iyo xubnaha shaqsi ay.

Kooxdu waxay of xubno ka raad ka mid ah:

• birta (beerka xayawaanka, kaleh);
• zinc (beerka, digir);
• Iodine (inta hirku, saliid tran, kalluunka badda);
• fluoro (kalluunka badda, biyo, shah).

Physiology waxaa diiradda lagu saaray ururka cuntada cunto la tiro ku filan oo macro- iyo nafaqada loo baahan yahay si ay u ilaaliyaan caafimaadka.

vitamins

In "Biology buugga. Physiology of Nutrition "(Darajada 7) warbixin ku saabsan vitamins soo bandhigay dhowr qaybood. Doorkooda hawlaha muhiimka ah ee jidhka ah lama quudhsan karin. Kuwani Walxaha firfircooni waa la joogo in ensaymes iyo hormoonnada ku lug leh geeddi socodka dheefshiidka, siin joogta ah in meydadka iyo nidaamka.

Fiitamiinada aan ku soo saaro jidhka, sidaas darteed waxaa muhiim ah in ay qaadashada cuntada. Deficiency keenaysaa in muuqaalka kore ee cudurrada, daal, hoos ku oolnimada iyo difaac.

cunto isku dheeli tiran A waa ku jira ee vitamins soo socda:

• A - ay taageertaa caafimaadka iyo youthfulness maqaarka, ayaa waxloogu, difaac (ilaha: karootada, ukunta, caanaha, cunna, beerka);
• B ₁ - hubisaa in hawlaha ay muruqyada iyo dareemayaasha fiiloyin, wax soo saarka ee tamarta (ilaha: bariiska, hilibka, digirta, lowska);
• B ₂ - shidaa koritaanka iyo tamarta Dheef (ilaha: ukunta, hilibka digaaga, kalluunka, khamiirka);
• B ₆ - caawisaa metabolize carbohydrates iyo dufanka, taageertaa reactions enzymatic (Sources: baradho, kalluunka, hilibka, kibis hadhuudhka oo dhan, khudaar);
• B ₁₂ - ka hortagtaa anemia, xanuunada habdhiska neerfaha (ilaha: cuntada badda, caanaha, hilibka, ukunta);
• C - taageera nidaamka difaaca jirka, ilkaha oo caafimaad qaba, lafaha iyo maqaarka (ilaha: liinta, liin, currants madow, waxaa kacay miskaha, basbaas macaan);
• D - kor u nuugista ee calcium, siyaadiyaa ilkaha iyo ciddiyaha (ilaha: kalluunka dufanka leh, waxyaabaha caanaha laga sameeyo);
• E - jirka ka dhanka ah lagu qayilo ka ilaaliya heerka gacanta, kor u cusboonaysiinta maqaarka (ilaha: hilib, saliidda dhirta, cereals).

Physiology ee nafaqo waxay ku lug leedahay qaadashada ee vitamins qaab nidaam gaar ah, loogu talo galay in da'da iyo qaab nololeedka qofka.

cuntada Nadaafadda

Waxa intaa dheer in la tixgelinayo kooban microbiological ee wax soo saarka, jirka oo cunto ah - fayadhowrka cuntada iyo hab-dhaqanka nadaafadda. mabaadii'da ay matali karaan by xeerarka soo socda:

1. cunto waa inay noqdaan kuwo sida kala duwan.
2. Maalin kasta, jeer dhowr waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo waxyaabaha ka soo bur, cereals ama baradho sameeyey.
3. Jimicsi joogto ah waa la jecel yahay.
4. Waa in miraha iyo khudaarta cusub cuno maalin walba.
5. Looga baahan yahay diiwaanka joogtada ah ee dufanka in cuntada la doonayo bedelka xayawaanka on geedka.
6. Yaree isticmaalka sonkorta safeeyey.
7. Ha caayaane dheer ee cusbo cuntada.

Karinta cuntada waa in ay bixiyaan ammaanka iyo ilaalinta ugu badan ee guryaha waxtar leh ee alaabta (doorbidayaa karinta, oo ay ku jiraan kulul cabaya, soda, cunto karinta ee microwave).

Compliance leh, kuwaas oo sharciyo fudud oo kor u qaadi doontaa tayada cuntada.

Cuntada

su'aal muhiim kale, kaas oo ka hadlaya jirka ah ee nafaqada, - technology ah ee wax soo saarka cuntada. In an xaaladaha warshadaha ku haboon waa in loo qaabeeyaa hab noocan oo kale ah in qiimaha nafaqo ee wax saldhigyadii cayriin kordhay. faaiidada kama dambaysta ah ee alaabta la go'aamin doonaa ma aha oo kaliya by content ee nafaqooyinka, laakiin sidoo kale by ilaa xadka ay iyagu la hayeyna karo by jidhka. dhibaato ku xiran yahay labada dheefshiidka iyo tiro ka mid ah hababka kale ee nafsaaniga ah.

In kasta oo dhibaato oo dhan, waxaa si wanaagsan loo habeeyey in cunto tayo sare leh waxaa ku milmaan badan ka wanaagsan yahay adaanaha iyo laga sameeyey alaabta ceeriin duugowday. cuntada dhadhan fiican leh iyo appetizing, ayaa in ka badan oo faa'iido leh in ay noqon doonto, waayo, jidhka. Dhab ahaantii Tani waa in la tixgeliyaa in geeddi-socodka lagu soo saarka cuntada.

Aasaaska fayadhowrka

content ee borotiin, baruurta, carbohydrates, fitamiin iyo macdan ka fiirsaneysa ayidhi, jirka nafaqada. Fayadhowrka ayaa sidoo kale diiradda lagu saaray horumarinta reer xeerasha nadaafadda shakhsiga ah ee diyaarinta iyo isticmaalka cuntada. Waxay digo faddarayn ee alaabta ku qoran wareer ah kuwan, keenaysay sumowga cunto iyo tiro ka mid ah cudurada.

fiiro gaar ah waxaa la siiyaa xaaladda fayadhowrka ee goobaha cuntada lagu diyaariyo kadambeeya. heerka sare ee nadaafadda shakhsiga shaqaalaha saamayn ku dhaqanka ee soo wajahda macaamiisha.

Xeerarka nidaamka nadaafadda shakhsiga siin waayo shuruudaha qaar ka mid ah gacmaha, afka, yuunifoomka, xaaladaha hawlgalka ururka, baaritaanka caafimaad ee caadiga ah ee shaqaalaha.

nadaafadda shakhsiga ah ee qof kasta oo marka uu wax cunaayo ku lug dhaqo dhamaystiran gacmahaaga, laakiin lagama maarmaan, oo waxaa ka buuxda nadaafadda dharka jirka, isticmaalka set shaqsi ah suxuunta. In jiritaanka cudurrada faafa waa in la xaddido xidhiidhka dadka kale.

Physiology ee nafaqada sida anshaxa cilmi

Akhlaaqda "Physiology of Nutrition" baray kooban ee dugsiyada sare, geeyay - in hay'adaha waxbarashada xirfadeed. Waxaa ka mid ah daraasad oo ka mid ah nidaamka jir, cuntada la xiriira, sifooyinka deegaanka iyo caafimaadka ee nafaqada aadanaha, aasaaska dheefshiidka. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah waxbarashada dhexdeeda ee khusaysa barashada nafaqada, mabaadi'da dejinta cuntada, nadaafadda iyo fayadhowrka ee diyaarinta, nidaaminta iyo kaydinta alaabta. Physiology ee nafaqada leh waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee ugu adeegta - qaybta final mowduuc, oo daboolaya ka kooban dhaqaale ee dhibaatada.