Isugu Komishanka dejinta ee Catherine II, kaalinta uu ku leeyahay horumarinta sharciyada Ruush

Empress Catherine II boqornimadiisa bilaabay dib u habaynta ah in ruuxa siyaasadda ee "absolutism iftiimiyey", waxyoonay by shaqo ee aqoon yahanno badan oo Yurub ah. Sida aad ogtahay, "absolutism iftiimiyey" aad u wareegay sinnaanta dhammaan dadka dalka, iyadoo aan loo eegin ay fasalka, hore ee sharciga ah hal. Sidaas darteed, 1767 waxaa lagu qabtay by Guddiga Sharci Dejinta ee Catherine 2, ujeedada taas oo ahayd dhisidda set cusub oo shuruuc ka ilaalisa danaha dhammaan fasalada ee muwaadiniinta. Empress rumeysan yahay in ay ku filan tahay qof fikrad Ruush tiradda lagu taageeri doonaa wakiillo ka Jannooyinka iyo fasalo badan, iyo, sidaas awgeed, xoojiso booska carshiga Imperial.

Sidaas darteed, Guddiga Code waa go'aan wadareed, isugu inuu abaabulo sharciyada, kaas oo dhaqan galay ka dib 1649. All taariikhda Empire Ruush ah lagu qabtay toddoba guddi. The baaxad weyn oo inta badan ayaa la isugu Sharci-Commission Catherine II, kaas oo ka wakiil ballaaran hore is khilaafeen (hadda ku xigeenadiisa doorashada ogol yahay shacabka - oo ka mid ah wakiil ka magaalada, kuwii gobta ahaa, yaroow iyo shisheeyaha). Xaq u leeyahay in loo soo doorto xildhibaano ah loogama qaadi wakiillo ka awood ruuxi ah oo serfs. Saareen Guddiga Catherine II koobnaa 450 xubnood, kuwaas oo intooda badan ahaayeen wakiillo ka socda muwaadiniinta (36%) Sidukiinta (33%) iyo tuulooyinka (20%).

Xigeenada Commission-dejinta la siiyey badan oo mudnaanta. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxay heleen mushaar dheeraad ah, ayaa laga yaabaa in aan lagu sakhiray in ciqaabta jirka, jirdil, iyo dhimasho, xaafadaha ay lama qabtay xaalad kasta (marka laga reebo daynta). Aflagaadeeyay xigeenka ciqaabi rogida ciqaabta halis ah.

ISUGU Komishanka dejinta ee Catherine II ayaa la calaamadeeyay by mid xiiso badan ah dadka deggan abuurnimo Russia. Empress shakhsi ahaan jiray waxa loogu yeero "Tilmaamaha" inay ku xigeenadiisa, inay hanuunsanyihiin by marka go'aano muhiim ah. In uu "Tilmaamaha" Catherine soo baxay views ay caqabadaha ugu weyn ee Guddiga Sharci. Qoraalka dukumeentigan ku koobnaa labaatan cutubyada, qaybsan articles. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku qoran yihiin ruuxa sharciyada falsafo Faransiis Charles Montesquieu, qayb - ruuxa buugaagta Talyaani C. Beccaria, "On Dembiyada iyo Ciqaabyada".

Empress ayaa waxaa ka dhaadhacsan in foomka kaliya suurtogal ah ee dowladda sida dal weyn sida Russia waa boqortooyo wayn. Si loo ilaaliyo dhammaan muwaadiniinta ka kibir iyo go'amada ee Boqortooyada iyo Commission-dejinta waa in la aasaasay, taasoo ku xigeenadiisa waxay xaq u leeyihiin in ay muujiyaan taliyaha hadda ee ra'yi ah in, tusaale ahaan, ansaxinta Amarkii waa la aqbali karin hoos xaaladda hadda jirta, waa lid ku ah opinion Guddiga Sharci, iyo Sidaa darteed, ma waxaa la samayn karaa dadweynaha. Of articles ah "Waajibaadka" waxaa u huray in horumarka dhaqaale ee dalka, dhismaha magaalooyinka cusub, horumarinta warshadaha, beeraha iyo ganacsiga.

Isugu Komishanka dejinta ee xagaagii 1767. Its furitaanka ay astaan u diimed ee waseeqeeyay Cathedral ee Kremlin la joogitaanka shakhsi ahaaneed ee Catherine II. Dhammaan xubnaha ka hor kulanka ku wada dhaarteen. In xilliga dayrta 1768 dagaalka ka qarxay inta u dhexeysa Russia iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, waxay u baahan yihiin imaanshaha of xigeenadiisa badan in goobaha ciidamada iyo dagaalka. Marshal A. Bibikov lagu dhawaaqay joojinta kulan ay. Isugu Komishanka dejinta ee Catherine II ahaa shirkii ugu dambeeyey ee noocan oo kale ah wakiillo ka fasalada kala duwan ee Russia. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, isku day ah in la abuuro hay'ad la mid ah fasalka ka wakiil ah Empress ku kiciyey oo indhaha dadka, korna loo qaado sumcada ay sarrayntiisu cusub labadaba Russia iyo meel ka durugsan xuduudaheeda.