In waxa sannad ahaa Ice ah?

Mid ka mid ah bogagga ugu qatarsan ee taariikhda Ruushka, kaas oo qarniyo badan yididiila galin malaha wiilal iyo taariikhyahanadu xiiso - Battle of a Ice ah, ama Battle of Lake Peipus. In dagaalka this ciidamada Ruush ka ah labada Magaalo ee Novgorod iyo Vladimir, hogaaminayo dhallinyarada Alexander Nevski, horay u dhashay naaneesta Nevsky adkaaday ciidamada Amarka Livonian.

In waxa sannad ahaa Ice ah? The Battle of Lake Chud dhacay April 5, 1242. Waxa uu ahaa dagaalka ku muhim in dagaalka ka dhanka ah ciidamada Amarka, ku andacoonaya in faafidda ay Iimaan miino dalalkan cusub naftooda. By habka, oo ku saabsan dagaalkan waxaa inta badan ka hadlay sida dagaalka kula Jarmalka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha sidaas waa. Order Livonian The waxaa ku yaalla Mareykanka bari. Halabuurka The ciidamada waxay ahaayeen dhab ahaantii Knights ee la wefdigiisa, vassals iyo maleeshiyada deenishka ka heleen qabiilka reer Chud, awoowayaasha Istooniyaan casriga ah. Oo erayga "Jarmal" wakhtigaas ayaa lagu magacaabay kuwa aan ku hadlin in Ruush.

Dagaalka dhamaaday on barafka ee Lake Chud, bilaabay in 1240, iyo bilowga u qalmay ahaayeen jihada of Livonians: waxay la geeyay magaalooyinka sida Pskov iyo Izhora. Ka dib markii in, soo duulay waxay bilaabeen inay ku qabsadaan dhulka ee Novgorod. Ilaa Novgorod ay gaareen qaar ka mid ah 30 km. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, by markii ugu Alexander Yaroslavovich taliyaa in Pereslavl-Zalessky, halkaas oo uu ku qasbay in uu ka tago Novgorod. In ka 40eeyaha soo daahay, dadka degan magaalada lagu magacaabo Prince dib, oo wuxuu ahaa ma xisaabaynin la cabashooyinka jir ah, hogaaminayo ciidamada Novgorod.

Horeba 1241, uu xaday inta badan Livonians of Novgorod iyo Pskov. In guga ee 1242 ka ciidamada qalcaddii Livonian Order, magaalada Dorpat, ayaa la sii daayay unit sahan. At 18 miles ka bar billow ah, waxay la kulmeen koox ka mid ah rus. Waxa uu ahaa askartii yar, taas oo ciidamada ugu weyn ee Prince Alexander Nevsky hor socday. Maaddaama ay guusha sahlan, Knights ayaa la leexdeen inay aaminsan yihiin in ciidanka ugu weyn ee ay awoodaan in ay ku guuleystaan waa u fududahay noqon doonaa. Taasi waa sababta ay go'aansadeen in ay dagaal muhim siin.

Rate Nevsky yimid oo dhan ciidanka bilado uu hoggaaminayo Master ka. From ciidamada Novgorod ay ku kulmeen Lake Chud. taariikhda ayaa ku xuso in Ice waa dhowayd dhagax Raven, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si loo ogaado halka ay dhab ahaan u dhacay, taariikhyahanadu laga qaadin. Waxaa jira version a in dagaalku ku dhacay meel u dhow jasiiradda, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo waxaa lagu magacaabaa Ravens ah. Qaar kale waxay aaminsan yihiin in dhagax Ravens ee loo yaqaan dhagax yar, oo hadda waa sarkhaansan yihiin dabaysha iyo biyaha galay sandstone jeestay. Iyo qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu ku salaysan taariikhda Prussian, taas oo dhigayaa in Knights dhintay in cawska ku dhaceen, waxaa la soo gabagabeeyay in dagaal dhab dhacay meel u dhow xeebta, sidaas si la hadasho, ee cawsduurka.

Knights ahaa doofaarka caadadii damacsan. Magaca Tani waxa ay ahayd ka mid ah dhismaha dagaalka, taas oo dhan ciidamada daciif ah la dhigay dhexe, iyo hore iyo xanjaadka ay awr lagu daboolay. Nevsky sidoo kale la kulmay soo horjeeda, isagoo ciidamada ugu liita, kuwaas oo lugta ah, si ay dagaal, loo yaqaan Cidhibtiina dhisay. War iyadoo Jilib Xidhan sida warqad V a Roman, uruursanayey ka hor. Col dagaalka ay qayb ka ahaayeen fasax this, oo markiiba is arkeen oo u dhexeeya laba xadhig cadaawayaashooda.

Sayidka, Alexander Yaroslavovich soo rogay Knights dagaal dheer, halkii ay Maarso caadiga guul iyada oo ciidamada cadowga. Marxad dagaal la soo duulay lugta ka xanjaadka ka culus ciidamada qalabka sida ee gacanta Midig iyo Bidix weeraray. Tani markeeda dhacdooyinka iyaga u ahaa gabi ahaanba aan la filayn, iyo wareer waxay bilaabeen inay u qaxaya, oo in muddo ah ka dib in ay ka cararaan oo gadoontaan. Xilligan la joogo in dagaalka ka yimid ciidankii gaadmada farda fuul.

Ruush eryay uu soo horjeeda iyada oo Lake Peipsi. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in markan Ciidamada cadowga ee ka yar barafka tegey. Ballaaran opinion faafin in tani ay ahayd sabab u tahay hubka culus ee Knights ah. Waa cadaalad ah oo u sheegay in ay taasi dhacdo ma aha. Culus oo hubka u saxan ee Knights la Been abuurtay dhowr qarniyo ka dib. In XIII qarnigii, gacmahooda ma ay kala duwan yihiin gacmaha amiirkii koofiyad dagaalyahan Ruush, mail silsilad, xabadka, garbaha, xidhnaa iyo bracers. Haa, iyo qalabka sida aan ahaa oo dhan. Fashishay Knights baraf sababta aad u kala duwan. Ajnabiga Nevsky iyaga eryay si qayb ka mid ah u gudubno, halkaas oo, sababta oo ah qaababka kala duwan ee barafka uusan aheyn mid xoog badan yahay sida meelo kale.

Waxaa jira versions kale. Qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka, kuwaas oo in record tiimbadeen ah Knights u muuqataa kaliya ee taariikhda tan iyo qarnigii XIV ah, iyo in kuwii laga dhigay on the Cidhibtiina of this waxaa jira eray no, iyo in hoose ee u gudubno, weli ma helin wax raadad ka mid ah Knights of Order ee Livonian, soo jeedinaynaa in tani ay tahay oo kaliya halyeeyga ah oo qurux badan, taas oo uu leeyahay waxba kuma laha dhabta ah.

Noqo in sida laga yaabaa, Battle ku Ice u sarreeyey guuldaradii dhamaystiran oo Order ka. Waxaan ku korinay Nabi kaliya by kuwa xiran habka, in uu yahay, in ninkii isaga iyo qaar ka mid ah wefdigiisa. Later, nabad lagu soo gabogabeeyey ee aad waxtar buu u leeyahay xaaladda Russia. Duulay diidnay dhamaan sheegashada in magaalada ay qabsadeen, oo joogsaday dagaal. Soohdimaha aasaasay wakhtigaas, wali la xiriira dhowr qarniyo.

Sidaas darteed, waxaa iska cad in Battle of Ice ee 1242 cadaato Fadilmo ciidamada Ruush iyo farsamooyinka dagaal Ruush, xeeladaha iyo tabaha ee Yurub.