ICE (engine gudaha sari): sifooyinka guud, noocyada

Ballaarinta kaamerada of maanta gaaska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in hindisooyin badan. matoorada Tani turbojet, iyo matoorada naaftada, carburetors iyo ... unit Heat noqon kartaa laba nooc:

• engine sari dibadda;
• ICE (engine sari gudaha).

Waxaan ka fiirsan si faahfaahsan qalab nooca labaad.

sifooyinka Guud

In inta badan baabuurta maanta, qalabka sida waxa loo xiraa, kuna waari dhexdeeda mabda'a sari engine gudaha ku lug-soociddiisa oo kulaylka iyo u beddelaya galay shaqo farsamo. Nidaamkan waxaa loo sameeyaa in dhululubada ah.

The embodiments ugu hufan lagu daro barakac iyo matoorrada.
Waxay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa waqti dheer oo ay leeyihiin size yar iyo miisaan. Laakiin khasaare ah kuwaas waa dhaqdhaqaaqa qalab ah, taas oo dhacda hab reciprocating la qaybgalka farsamo kumbyuutarradeedu ah, kuwaas oo gacanta ku hal, ka dhigaysa shaqo ka adag ah, laakiin dhinaca kale ah - waa xadka si loo kordhiyo xawaaraha. The ugu xumaa marka cabbir motor dhawaan dareemi weyn.

Abuur, horumarka iyo, guud ahaan, hawlgalka engine ku sari gudaha, dabcan, ku salaysan saamaynta ballaarinta kaamerada, kuna waari dhexdeeda gaasas kulul u qabtaan shaqo waxtar leh. Sidaas darteed, cadaadis sari ee dhululubo ah u hadley bootin up, iyo guuro qalab ah. Tani waa mabda'a of tallaabo xoog, kaas oo la sameeyo marka la ballaariyo kaamerada Sida loo isticmaalo in makiinado ay soo sari gudaha iyo farsamooyinka kale.

Si aad u faa'iido leh tamarta si farsamaysan waxaa si joogto ah la sameeyaa, qolkii sari waa in la buuxsameen hawada-shidaalka isku dar ah, si ay qalab ka kaxeeya crankshaft ah, iyo kan ugu dambeeya - wheel.

baabuurta intooda badan maanta jira afar-stroke, iyo tamarta iyaga oo ku dhowaad si buuxda loo beddelay waxtar leh.

A yar oo taariikh

farsamo koowaad ee noocan ah waxaa la abuuray 1860 by injineer Faransiiska iyo laba sano ka dib waxaa la soo jeediyay in la isticmaalo National afar wareeg, halkaas oo qalliin ah engine ku sari gudaha waxaa ka mid ah nuugid ah, riixo, sari iyo ballaarinta, iyo qiiqa.

In 1878, chetyrehtaktnik jirka Jarmal abuurtay ugu horeysay, wax ku oolnimada oo gaadhay 22%, kaas oo inta badan ka sarre maray sifooyinka oo dhan ka horreeyay.

motor noocan oo kale ah bilaabay si aad u hesho qaybinta ballaaran ee u dhexgalaan kala duwan ee nolosha. Maanta waxa lagu adeegsaday gawaari, mishiinada beeraha, maraakiibta, tareen, diyaaradaha, Quwadda iyo wixii la mid ah.

Faa'iidada iyo faa'iido darrada

Ugu badnaan ku sharaxay by guusha sifooyinka la taaban karo been-oolnimada, compactness iyo waafajinta wanaagsan. Intaa waxaa dheer, engine waa inay awoodaan inay ordi in xaaladaha ugu caadiga ah, ka dibna si degdeg ah u dadajinaya iyo gaadho load buuxda. Waayo, baabuurta sida ay tahay harakteristkah muhiim ah sida Xuddunta ah Fariin muhiim ah.

engine sari (engine) waa inay awoodaan inay ku shaqeeyaan on shidaalka kala duwan, ka shidaal si kululaynta kuleeliyaha saliid.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, matoorada waxay leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah khasaaraha, ka mid ah kuwaas oo awood xadidan u, buuq badan, wareeg ah crankshaft aad caadi u ah inta lagu guda jiro bilowga ah, awood la'aanta in ay ku xidhmaan giraangiraha drive, sumoobo ah, qalab ku reciprocates.

guryaha

guryaha waa design a classic ka kooban dhululubo, madaxooda iyagoo leh, iyo in ay dhacdo kala ah qaybta hoose ee crankcase ah, iyo qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah dabool. Waxaa dhacaya design monoblock. kala duwan oo noocan oo kale ah ee si dabiici ah oo muujinaysa hab oo kala duwan si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan.

Qaybaha guryaha engine waa ku salaysan, halkaas oo qaybo ka mid yihiin dhajinta waqtiga iyo hab kumbyuutarradeedu, nidaamka qaboojinta, korontada, sifaynta iyo wixii la mid ah.

kala soocidda

Waxaa ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo matoorada gudaha sari (engine sari gudaha), diidanyihiin habka dhacdaa isu dhululubada ah. Laakiin matoorrada loo kala saari karaa iyo qaababka kale ee kala duwan.

By habka wareegga qalliinka, waxay kala yihiin:

• laba-stroke,
• afar-stroke.

Sida hab ka mid ah sameynta isku dar ah galay engine sari gudaha waa:

• foomka dibadda (gaaska iyo carburetor);
• engine la formation dar gudaha (naaftada).

In habka of qaboojinta:

• dareere ah,
• hawada.

dhululubada The:

• dhululubo umad kaliya,
• laba-dhululubo;
• multi-dhululubo.

By meesha:

• isku xigta (toosan ama uugu);
• V-qaabeeya.

By buuxinta dhululubo hawada:

• aspirated;
• supercharged.

Sida laga soo xigtay xawaaraha gudaha sari engine (engine) waa:

• low-xawaaraha;
• hirka sare;
• doomuhu.

Sida laga soo xigtay shidaalka loo isticmaalo:

• -Shidaalka multi;
• gaaska,
• naaftada,
• petrol.

Sida laga soo xigtay degree of riixo :

• sare;
• yar yahay.

By balan:

• autotractor;
• Aviation;
• taagan;
• markab iyo wixii la mid ah.

xoog

Power waxaa caadi ahaan loo xisaabiyaa unugyada wadada in hooras.
Ereygan waxaa asal ahan qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad hindisa dabayaaqadii Ingiriisi kuwaas oo daawaday fardaha jiidaya dambiisha la dhuxusha ka miinooyinka. By qiyaaso miisaanka ku load oo sarajooggeeduna wuxuu si taas waxaa lagu sara kiciyaana, D. Watt xisaabiyaa inta ay le'eg faras laabi kari waayay dhuxusha halkii daqiiqo iyadoo si qoto dheer gaar ah. Later cutubkan waxaa la odhan jiray oo dhammu garanayaan by ereyga "hooras" ah. Ka dib markii System Caalamiga ah ee Units (SI), HP la ansixiyay 1960 Waxa uu noqday unit ah kaabayaal ah oo la siman yahay 736 watts.