Iagu - waa farsamada? noocyada kala duwan ee Iagu

Iagu - nooc ka mid ah daabacayaa tahay, print image ka hadal haynta ugu dambeeya. xardho Qadiimiga ah waa daabacan ka qoryo, balaastigga (linoleum) ama wax looxa ah, gooyaa iyada oo magaabay ah ee foomka of hannaanka kasta. Tirada dareenkaa kiiskan waa xaddidan. Iagu - woodcut ah, kaas oo la soo saaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo technology u gaar ah. Wadnaha ee Iagu print - saxan bir ah, copper, bir ama zinc.

Iagu

saxan bir ah, hadal haynta billet baaraandegi daroogada acidic. Waayo, steel isticmaalo acid nitric, waayo, copper - reactant chloro.

waslad khafiif ah oo bir ah size ku haboon waxaa loo qoray si ay u iftiimin ah, degreased iyo daboolay xamuurada a acid-adkaysi u gaar ah. Ka dib markii lagu qalajiyo, workpiece waa gooye, kaas oo noqon kara xoqdo oo u baahan Rework ka dib. Xaaladaha qaarkood, image la si buuxda u dhammeeyey karo. Waxaa oo dhan waxay ku xiran tahay Dooratay sayidkii. fanaaniin badan waxay helaan ganaax-daafigaw lagama maarmaan ah hadal haynta badan, laakiin qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in tahay mid run ah ma u baahan tahay in la saxo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habkan ma aha muhiim, laakiin natiijada kama dambaysta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, anmbarka - tahay dhab ah oo u baahan xirfad weyn labadaba diyaarinta iyo inta lagu guda jiro diyaarinta si toos ah qora.

circuit processing

Ka dib markii daabacaadda on sayidkii maran xoqo irbad fiiqan oo dhan khadadka khafiif ah, ay ka saareen leh daahan acid u adkaysta in goobaha la doonayo. Sayidka biraha noqdo bandhigi reagent heli karaa oo keliya at kuwa dhibcood halkaas oo ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la sameeyo fasax ah. preform proshtrihovannaya Ready la Hawiyaha ee acid, iyo habka Iagu bilaabmin. Bath leh daroogada waa in la si ammaan ah daboolay si looga hortago in firidhka. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa in ay hubisaa in la leyriyaa qolka, si hawada uusan ku koobnaanin qiiqa acid sun.

qalabka kiimikada

Jilaayayaal - waa geedi socod adag oo u baahan shuruudo gaar ah si loo hubiyo ammaanka artist ah. Dayaca of tallabooyinka ilaalinta lama oggola. qalabka kiimikada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in machining ee workpieces macdan ah, waayo, Iagu, waa khatar ah oo ku filan, oo ay saameyn xun ku jidhka bini'aadamka waa in gebi ahaanba Kipury, ama ugu yaraan la yareeyo. Ka dib markii anmbarka suufka dhamaystirtay waxaa lagu maydhay biyo socda, oo waxay xoqid harta rinjiga.

Next, substrate ah waxaa laga codsadaa in khad ah in qabanaysa fasax oo dhan. khad Excess laga saaro dusha sare ee suufka ah. Markaas anmbarka daabacayaa guddiga la sameeyey by riixaya. Wargeyska ayaa la isku soo riixayo in ay salka qorid cadaadiska markooda af badan oo ka duwan. Sayidka, farsamo Iagu ah kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u abuuraan sawiro of kakanaanta kasta; Khadadka thinnest, Suul, dhibco iyo xagashada eegi arrin isku. Haddii tirada daabacayaa toban toban iyo kuwii boqol boqol, hadal hayntaasi waxaa si tartiib ah tirtirayaa iyo lumiyo duwan. Xaaladdan oo kale waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xilliyo gaar u cusboonaysiiso guddiga, mar kale daboolaya xamuurada, iyo acid-Iagu si qoto sawirka.

foomamka daabacaadda

saxan bir The haboon baaraandegi mar kale la soo dhaafay nidaamka pickling, weli waxaa loo isticmaali karaa tiro dhowr jeer ah,. saxan kastaa waa saxan daabacaadda ah, taas oo ka dhigtay daabacayaa Iagu ah. Xaaladaha intooda badan, this image farshaxanka. Iagu xardho waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu xiisaha badan ee farshaxanka. Waxaa la horumariyo horrantii qarnigii 16aad.

guulaha hal abuur leh

In 1515 u leexatay xagga farsamada ah anmbarka rinjiile caanka Albrecht Dürer, uu tijaabo Iagu loox birta ahaayeen bilowgii xilli of art xardho wanaagsan. Dürer weheliso abuurka ah sida jilaayayaal xaradhka classic, labadan farsamooyinka dheer lahaa qiimaha u dhigma in uu shaqada.

rinjiile Talyaani Parmigianino, sayidkayga unsurpassed ah sida jilaayayaal, iyaga u kiciyey si ay u darajadana ku of art run. Later, rinjiile Dutch Rembrandt sameeyey images of play gaar ah iftiinka iyo hooska, marka lagu daro, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku dhaqmaan dib-u-Iagu, wixii ay bixiyeen waxay si qoto dheer ku tuman aan horay loo arag.

aquatint

In 1765, ee rinjiile Faransiiska Jean-Baptiste Leprens helay farsamo cusub oo soo saara codadka aad u jilicsan, garabaka watercolor. technology waxaa lagu magacaabaa "aquatint". Waayo, sawirka ugu horeeya ee Iambarrada dusha ka nakalyvaniya habka raadinaa suufka dibna waxay ku dabooshay wareejiyay meelo gudcur ah rosin. Guddiga kulul, budada dhalaalay iyo daboolay dusha sare ee lakabka granular. meelaha Bright ayaa baaraandego sidii caadiga ahayd. Aquatint inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro daabacaadda midabka, sayidkayga ah ee la soo dhaafay farsamadaa waxa loo arkaa in Francisco Goya, mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu wanaagsan-Etchers taariikhda.

Zhak Kallo

Tan iyo Iagu ah - waa farshaxan a khiyaano, fanaaniinta ugu wanaagsan ee qarniyadii 16-18th isku dayaya in ay is caddeeyaan in nooca adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha uu weheliyay oo keliya ugu kartida badan. Mid ka mid ah sayidkooda ugu caansan ee anmbarka horrantii qarnigii 17aad ahaa artist a Faransiis Zhak Kallo. Farshaxankii shaqeeyay style xaqiiqo madow, shuqulladiisa ugu caansan oo qayb ka ah taxane ah oo "jahli of War", iyo sayidkii ugu hadalyaqaan ah ee Iagu yeedhay yihiin "Hung."

noocyada kala duwan ee Iagu

In farsamo xardho Qarnigii 17aad si guul leh loo isticmaalay iconography. Wakiilka dugsiga Vlaamse ee rinjiyeynta, artist ah Anthony Van Deyk, wuxuu noqday etcher ganaax, barbarta tirooyinka xurmada leh. farshaxanka Iagu u ogolaanaya in ay qabsadaan Gudigga ugu khiyaano ah images mid taariikhi ah.

Nooc kale wuxuu ahaa ee loo yaqaan Iagu dhalmo ah. Waxaa la ansixiyay publisher. Shiidaa oo dhan sawirada ku jira buugaag la daabacay intii lagu jiray qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 18aad, waxaa la dhigay in farsamo ee Iagu. Tani Picture Style waxaa ugu wanaagsan ee ku haboon waayo, shuqulladiisa oo suugaanta. Tirokoobyada helay midabo iyo sidoo maray nuxurka sheekada. Farsamo ahaan jadwalka Iagu ahaa heli karo, aan qaali ahayn si aad u hesho oo ay la socdaan, iyo tayada image weli heer sare.

Mezzotint - nooc ka mid ah waqti-Cunidda ugu, laakiin aad wax ku ool. Waxay ku salaysan tahay isticmaalka codadka ay sabab u tahay "graining" dusha sare ee hadal. The koriya yar siin roughness in print bixisaa gudubka siman iftiin in hadhkiisa. Jilaayayaal sameeyey si la mid ah qaninimada qooraansaneynaa kala duwan mezzotint iyo midabo.

The view "asalka ah" - images heer sare ah farshaxanka in ay ahayd oo kaliya ka sayid ugu caansan. Waayo, fanaaniin badan, Iagu waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah warbaahinta, kaas oo ay awoodaan in ay si buuxda u ogaadaan hadafka ay hal abuur yihiin. The wax xardha ugu fiican ee qarnigii 18aad waxaa loo arkaa dhise Talyaaniga Giovanni Piranesi, author of images badan oo Roman cityscapes iyo qadiimiga. fanaaniinta No yar caanka ah ee waqtiga ahaayeen etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Bushe.

nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad

Qarnigii 19-farshaxanka Iagu galay burbur ku dhacay, waxaa dhacay sarkhaansan muuqaalka kore ee teknoolajiyada daabacaadda hab midabo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la gaaro dhamaadka oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta engravers qarnigii hadda ku celiyay. jilaayayaal New laguma arko sida sawir ah in edition buugga, waxay noqon shuqullada buuxa oo xoogan tahay, isbeddellada farshaxanka shaxda. In qarnigii 20aad, iyagoo laga soo dhawaaday by Ranjiilayaasha badan Faransiis sida Charles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro iyo kuwa kale. Wuxuu ku takhasusay farsamo ee Iagu iyo rinjiile Impressionist PSG Edouard Manet. Waxaa ka mid ah fanaaniinta Ruush xardho farsamo addoonsada Valentin Serov iyo Ivan Shishkin. etcher American ahaa Dzheyms Uistler, Swedish - Anders Zorn ee Germany ka badan xaradhka u shaqeeyay Adolf Mentsel.