Hannah Arendt, oo nolosha iyo shaqada

Xaqiiqada ah in totalitarianism sida, falsafo Hannah Arendt waaqiciga ogaa. In ka soo jeeda Yuhuudda, way tagtay iyada oo xerada fiirsashada Nazi, halkaas oo ay nasiib in ay ka baxsadaan ahaa. Later, iyadu helay in Maraykanka, oo wuxuu degay dalka ilaa uu dhintay. qoraallada Her on phenomenology saamayn ah faylosuufiinta sida Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jürgen Habermas, Dzhordzho Agamben, Walter Benyaamiin iyo kuwa kale. Isla mar ahaantaana shuqullo kuwan ka go'day dad badan oo ka mid ah dadka ay, xitaa saaxiibo isku dhow. Yuu yahay kan naagta, kuwaas oo bulshada ka helay sida qiimeyn isku dhafan? Our article sheegayaa saabsan nolosha Hannah Arendt, laisla sida filasoof iyo si kooban u caddeeyo nuxurka buugaagta iyada.

carruurnimada

Hannah Arendt waxa uu ku dhashay 1906, on 14 October ee magaalada Linden (Jarmal Empire). Labada waalid iyada ka soo jeedeen East Prussia. Engineer Paul Arendt iyo xaaskiisa Martha Kohn waxay ahaayeen Yuhuud, laakiin keentay qaab nololeed cilmaani ah. Horeba carruurnimada qaatay in Königsberg, gabadha soo wajahay anti-Nacayb. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, iyada waxaa la baray by hooyadeed. Haddii weedhaha anti-Semitic maqli doonaan macalimiin, Xannaah si aad u hesho ilaa iyo ka baxo fasalka. Ka dib markii in, hooyada lahaa xaq u leedahay inaad ka cabato qoraal. Laakiinse fasalka anti-Semitic gabar lahaa in ay ka hortagaan. Asal ahaan, iyada carruurnimada ku faraxsan yahay. qoyska ma isticmaali xataa ereyga "Yuhuud", laakiin looma oggola inay daaweynta ixtiraam.

Hannah Arendt: Biography A

Haweenay uur leh oo evinced penchant ah aadanaha. Waxay wax ku baratey saddex jaamacadaha - in Marburg, Freiburg iyo Heidelberg. sayidyadeedii, ruuxiga ah ee falsafada ahaayeen Martin Heidegger iyo Karl Jaspers. Gabadha aysan "buluug-yeshee,". In 1929 ay guursatay Gunther Anders. Laakiin guurka kor u qarxay ka dib sideed sanno. markii labaad waxa ay guursatay Genriha Blyuhera. In fiiro-dheer, markiiba ogaaday in ballamo iyada iyo qoyskeeda si naasiga in ay awood u yimid. Sidaa darteed, in 1933, ayay u carareen France. Laakiin naasiga oo waxaa kor loogu qaaday halkaas, iyada oo leh, iyo. In 1940 waxaa la interned xerada Gurs ah. Waxay u suurtagashay in ay ka baxsadaan, oo waxay u tageen inay Lisbon, oo halkaas ka - oo dalka Mareykanka ah. Hannah Arendt, deganaa ee New York, shaqeeyeen sidii wariye ee majaladda New Yorker The. In awood this, iyadu way u timid in 1961 Yeruusaalem, jirrabaadda Adolfa Eyhmana.

Dhacdadani waxa ay u adeegi jireen sida saldhig u ah iyada buug caan ah "banality ee xun." Dhamaadka nolosha baray jaamacadaha iyo kulliyadaha Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku dhintay da'da 69 ee December 1975 ee New York. About qaddar adag ee Hannah Arendt ee 2012, by Margarethe von Trotta film feature eponymous toos ah lagu toogtay.

Qiimaha in falsafada

In ka tagay hal abuur leh Hanny Arendt ku saabsan shan boqol oo waraaqo kala duwan oo ku saabsan mowduuca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay dhan yihiin midoobeen hal fikrad - si ay u fahmaan hababka ka dhacda bulshada ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Sida laga soo xigtay falsafadda ah siyaasadda, aadanaha ma cataclysms mid ka mid ah dabeecadda iyo ma duulaanka ah ka baxsan ka hesho. cadowga ugu weyn ee been bulshada - waa jecel yihiin in la xakameeyo wax walba. Hannah Arendt, kuwaas oo buugaag ku niyad Yuhuudda badan oo aadan u malayn in marka la eego "dadyowga", "qowmiyadaha". Waxay aan iyaga iyo Hasha "eed" iyo "baraar la gowracayo." dhan oo iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen dadka indhaha iyada in. Oo qof kasta waa u gaar. Iyadu waa aasaasihii aragtida ah oo ka mid ah asalka iyo jiritaanka totalitarianism.

shuqullada Major. "The Banality xun"

Pozhluy, buugga ugu fadeexad, kaas oo la qoray Hannah Arendt. "Banality The Shaydaanka, Eichmann Yeruusaalem" waxaa la daabacay laba sano ka dib markii maxkamadda Obersturmbannfuehrer SS. Maraggoodu "dhise ee Holocaust" ayaa lagu qasbay in dib looga fikiro Faylasuuf ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada dhacdooyinkii naasiga ah oo ay siiyaan qadarin cusub. Head of waaxda sheegay Gestapo ku saabsan shuqulkiisa ku saabsan "Xalka kama dambaysta ah ee su'aasha Yuhuudda" sida caadiga ah HK. Isagu ma uu ahaa anti-Semite, bathertom a qanacsanahay silciyey, waalliyeed ama shakhsiyadda cilladaysan. Waxa uu ahaa oo kaliya ka dib markii amar. Oo taasuna waxay ahayd qarow ugu weyn ee Holocaust - banality argagixis oo xun. Faylasuuf ma maamuustaan, si ay u dhibanayaasha ah ee aan kala sooc lahayn oo aan caayeen dadka Jarmal oo dhan. shar ugu weyn soo saarta oo xafiis xidhhidha si ay u gutaan shaqo this. nidaamka eed abuuri kuwaas waajibaadka ee Burburka Culus.

"On Violence"

In 1969, Faylasuuf sii si ay u horumariyaan theme awoodda iyo xorriyadda aadanaha. Violence - waa aalad oo dadka qaar ka mid ah iyo dhinacyada si ay u gaaraan la doonayo oo kaliya. Sidaas ayaa sheegay in Hannah Arendt. "On Violence" - shaqo adag, falsafada. theorist Siyaasadda kala fikradaha sida ay xeerka iyo totalitarianism. Power xiran yahay baahida loo qabo in wada shaqeeyaan si uu u doondoono xulafadooda in ay ka doodaan. la'aanta ah ee waxay keenaysaa khasaare kalsoonidii, joogta ah. Taliye, dareen gariir carshiga hoostiisa, isku dayayaan in ay iska caabin xoog ... oo wuxuu noqdaa uu afduub. Ma loo dabciyo kartaa uu xajin. Sayidka ayaa ku dhashay cabsi.

"The Halka ay Totalitarianism"

Buuggan waxaa lagu daabacay 1951. Waa in iyada Hannah Arendt mahad yeedhay aasaasihii aragtida ah ee totalitarianism. Waxaa Faylasuuf baadhayaa si bulshada kala duwan ee jiraye oo dhan taariikhda aadanaha. Waxay yimaado garawsannay in totalitarianism la mid ma aha kibir, kaligiitalinimo iyo talisnimo tusaalooyin Qarniyadii hore. Isagu waa wax soo saarka ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Tusaale A classic of a bulshada keligii Arendt oo ku baaqay in Germany Nazi iyo Stalin Russia. Philosopher lafaguraa sababaha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dhalashada nidaamka this, waxaa go'doomiyo ah qaababka ugu muhiimsan iyo sifooyinka. Asal ahaan, kitaabka baadhayaa tusaalooyinka argagixiso ee Nazi Germany, taas oo si toos ah ka hor Hannah Arendt. "The Halka ay Totalitarianism", hase ahaatee - shaqo a Xisbiyada Mucaaradku. Tilmaamo Qaar ka mid ah dhismahan waxa aan arki karnaa in bulshooyinkeena casriga ah, qarnigii kow iyo labaatanaad.