Waxaa ka mid ah hababka badan falsafada ah in la aqoonsado eegidda of mabda'a ruuxiga ah ee dunida ka mid ah waxyaalaha, dhowr taagan waxbarista John. Berkeley iyo David Hume, kaas oo lagu si kooban u tilmaami karaa Niyadda shakhsi ahaan. The shuruudaha loogu talagalay gunaanad waxay ahaayeen qoraaladii Dr Makumbe aqoon-nominalists iyo qaraabada ay - sida conceptualism, John Locke, oo sheegtay in uu leeyihiin in caadiga ah - waa Wareersan maskaxda ah calaamadaha waxyaabo kala duwan inta badan soo noqnoqda.
Iyada oo ku saleysan jagooyinka of John Locke, Ingiriisi hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu iyo falsafo Berkeley George. Iyagii siiyey wixii ay tafsiira ee asalka ah. Haddii ay jiraan kaliya kala firdheen, walxaha go'doon, iyo kaliya maanka aadanaha, qaadaan noqnoqda soo jireenka ah ee qaar ka mid ah guryaha, tilmaamaysaa shay ee kooxda oo ku baaqay in kooxda ay erayo kasta, waxa la malaysan karo in ay jiri karaan wax fikrad aan la taaban karin, oo aan ku salaysan guryaha iyo tayada isu alaabta. Taasi waa, waxaan nin ee la taaban karin ma qiyaasi kartaa, laakiin fikirka "nin," waxaan u malaynayaa in si gaar ah. Sidaa darteed, marka lagu daro miyir our ee sidaynu aadan haysan jiritaankooda, waxay dhab ahaan oo kaliya by dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda our. Tani waa Niyadda shakhsi ahaan.
In uu shaqo "On the Mabaadi'da Aqoonta Human" fekeraya formulates ay fikrad aasaasiga ah: "si uu u jiro" - waxaa loola jeedaa "in loo arko." Waannu og shay oo ka mid ah dareenka, laakiin in macnaheedu ma aha in shayga waa inay isku dareen our (iyo fikradaha) oo ku saabsan? J. Niyadda shakhsi ahaan. Berkeley doodaysaa in dareenka aynu "jilo" shayga of our aragtida. Markaasaa waxaa soo baxday, haddii mawduuca ma dareemaan wax garan, ma jiro mid ka mid ah oo dhan - iyadoo ay jirto in Jacaylku, qurubyada alfa ama Pluto wakhtigii George Berkeley ..
Su'aasha markaas baxdo, waxaa jiray wax ka hor aadanuhu? Sida hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda Catholic, Berkeley John. Ayaa lagu qasbay inuu ka tago oo uu Niyadda shakhsi ahaan, ama, sida waxa loo yaqaan, solipsism, iyo u guuraan meel ka mid ah Niyadda Ujeedada. Dhammaadka lahayn ee soo jireen ah in maanka lahaa wax kasta ka hor bilowga ah ee jiritaankooda, oo wuxuu iyagii ina siinayo si ay u dareemaan. Iyo sababta oo ah kala duwanaanta wax iyo amarka, taas oo qof waa ku tirinnaa, ilaa sida uu Ilaah kuwa caqliga leh iyo wanaag.
Faylasuuf British Devid yum horumariyo Niyadda shakhsi ahaan ah Berkeley. Iyada oo ku saleysan fikrado ah empiricism - dunida ka mid ah barashada waayo-aragnimo - Faylasuuf ka digay in la xalinaayo fikradaha guud waxaa inta badan ku salaysan fahamka dareenka walxaha shaqsi our. Laakiin mawduuca iyo aragtida dareen waxaa ka mid ah - ma aha had iyo jeer isku mid. Sidaa darteed, hawsha falsafada - daraasadda aan dabiiciga ah laakiin dunida shakhsi ahaan, fikradaha, dareenka, caqliga aadanaha.
Niyadda shakhsi ahaan ah Berkeley iyo Hume saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan horumar ah ee empiricism British. Waxa loo adeegsaday, iyo kutub Faransiis ah, iyo rakibaadda ee shakiga ku in aragtida aqoonta Hume dar dar geliyay in formation of naqdiga ee KANT. booska uu ka "wax iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan" ee cilmiga Jarmalka ahaa ku salaysan German falsafada classical. rajo Epistemological Bacon iyo shakiga Hume dambe keentay in faylosuufiinta in fikradda ah "xaqiijinta" iyo "been" fikrado.