Han Tokhtamysh: guddiga iyo Maarso on Moscow

Tokhtamysh Khan ahaa ina ka mid ah amiirradii dadka ugu saameynta badan ee Horde ah. Boqornimadiisa ay astaan u nooleynta awoodda Horde ee Golden, taas oo uu si weyn u soo gaaray iyadoo ay sabab u Dirirta badan la horreeyay uu. In taariikhda Ruush, ayuu waxa loo yaqaan qabanqaabiyaha ah March on Moscow ee 1382, taas oo ku dhamaatay burbur ugu nac weyn ee magaalada iyo gubashadii of keedana uu.

goysiga

Ka dib markii aabbihiis la dilay, mustaqbalka khan Tokhtamysh cararay ee 1376 si ay u Timur, kuwaas oo ahayd waqti in xeerarka in mid ka mid ah dalalka Central Asian. Labadii sano ee soo socota, uu la kaashanayo uu sokoeye iyo isku dayeen in ay afgembiyaan taliyaha, kii aabbihiis samayn, laakiinse mar kasta oo ku guuldareystay. Markii uu soo horjeeda dhintay, Khan Tokhtamysh ee 1378 rogay uu daciif ah oo noqday taliye mid ka mid ah cutubyo ka ayaa mar hore bilaabay by waqtiga nasashada ka kooban gobolka Horde ah. sanadka soo socda uu soo duulay oo hantidoodii, kuwa, kuwaasi oo ay gacanta ku hooyaday iyo awooday in ay qabsadaan dadka faraha oo dhan u ah dalka, oo ay ku jirto caasimadda. Ka dib markii ay Battle of Kulikovo ee 1380, uu la kaashanayo Timur noqday taliyaha gobolka cusub ee midaysan oo ka qayb qaatay dib u soo celinta sharafta masuuliyiinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, marka ay bilaabeen nooleynta of tiro ka mid ah magaalooyinka Volga Horde.

Xaaladda Russia

Isla markii boqornimadii Khan Tokhtamysh diray amiirradii Ruush, danjirayaasha la news of this oo looga baahan yahay in ay yimaadaan oo isaga ugu dalab noqotay dhaqan dhaqanka ee helitaanka sumadaha si aad u Monaco oo baad u keeneen. Gaar ah si ay u taliyayaashii cusub raacay Khan, laakiin Dmitry Moscow Grand Prince ka Donskoy diiday. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in ka dib markii ay Battle of Kulikov meel ku taal dalka Ruushka beddelay: badiyeen Mongols ka dhigay Moscow xarunta of midoobidda dalalka Ruushka. Tani waa dhacdo weyn ee su'aalo ku saabsan dhismaha dawlad-goboleedka midaysan Ruush. in lays noocan oo kale ah ee ciidamada ayaa bedelay xiriirka Moscow-Horde leh ayuu waxa aan aqbali karin khan cusub. laba sano ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu diyaar March on Moscow.

Weerarka lagu qaaday caasimada

Baabi'iyaasha Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan ee 1382 wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu xumaa ee taariikhda dalka Ruushka. dharbaaxo Tani waxay gaar ahaan aad u saamaysay saffarro ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay u dhacday si ugu dhaqsaha badan ka dib guushii xusuus at field Kulikovo. Ka hor inta uusan u dhaqaaqin caasimada, Tartars in ay gobolka Nizhny Novgorod, kuwaas oo taliye u yimid, oo raba in uu ka burburka ilaaliyo hantidoodii, isaga siiyey wiilashiisii. amiirka Ryazan, ayaa sidoo kale doonaya in ay ka shuqlinin jab ka soo dalalkoodii ay isirka, Tartars in ay dariiqyada webiga on kaas oo ay heshay in ay magaalada ugu weyn ee soo diray. Markaas Dmitry Donskoy, oo ay la socdaan ina adeerkiis iyo caawiye socday xarumaha magaalada hareeraheeda ah si ay u soo ururiyaan ciidamo u kada ah cadowga.

duulaankii

Baabi'iyaasha Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan noqday suuragal ah keliya in uu lagu daabacay mahad. dhowr maalmood gudahood, dadka dagan caasimada iyo yimaadaan si ay gargaar ciidamada ay Lithuanian diriray off weerarka soo qaaday oo ay u badan tahay ayaa badin laheyd hadii guulayste sameeyey si khiyaano ma tag; oo wuxuu xaqiijiyay Muscovites in kaliya u yimaadeen inay ka go'dayna waxay dhaqameed, iyo in kiiska haddii uu u heli doonaan, isla markiiba iska dhaqaaqo darbiyada magaalada. Dadka deegaanka ayaa rumeysan yahay oo irdaha u furay. Markaas Khan ku layn jiray kuwa laga cabsado ee magaalada, iyo gubay Posad, ka dibna dhici qayb ka mid ah magaalooyinka hareeraheeda ah. Tug Khan Tokhtamysh in Moscow dhamaaday uu ka tagay ka dib markii mid ka mid ah kooxaha uu adkaaday ciidamada Vladimira Serpuhovskogo.

saamaynta

Natiijada weerarkan laga cabsado ahaayeen xun. Magaaladu waxay ku waayay qiyaastii afar iyo labaatan kun oo qof, waxa uu ahaa oo ku saabsan nus ka mid ah tirada guud ee caasimadda. magaalooyinka u dhow iyo tuulooyinka ayaa lagu gubay, la bililiqeystey. Prince uu ku soo laabtay si dhakhso ah qaaday talaabooyin ka hortag in la baabi'iyo saamayntooda. Waxa uu bixiyo lacagta aaska dhibanayaasha, marka lagu daro, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay dib u dhiska ah ee tuulooyinka baabbi'iyey. Weerar Tokhtamysh Khan ahaa dhabar jab weyn ku tahay saffarro uu, laakiinse ma uu joojiyo mar horeba bilowday geedi socodka of midoobidda dalalkii ku wareegsanaa Moscow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib dhacdadan, ee Moscow amiirka lagu qasbay inuu wiilkiisii bet diri, ka dibna isaga qudhiisa u yimid, ku aamaanay in labada sano iyo waxa ay gaadhay toobiye a carshiga. dalka Tverskaya loo aqoonsaday madax banaan by Vladimir kibir.

Race for awoodda

Orda Khan Tokhtamysh ka 1388 bilaabay inay halgan kula jiraan uu sokoeye hore by Timur. Ka baqaya in dambaysta ah qabsatay qayb ka mid ah Caucasus iyo zapadnoiranskih matalo waxa qayb ka mid ah dhulka qabsaday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1390s uu soo horjeeda ku guuleystay waxa on labo guul weyn, oo uu markii danbe u lahaa in ay yeelato inay halgan joogto ah ka gees ah u faaruqiyeen of Tamerlane. Muddo ka dib, ayuu ku orday inuu Lithuanian amiirka, kuwaas oo go'aansaday in ay u isticmaalaan si ay ugu guuleystaan guul ka gaartay Tartars ah. Waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu dagaal 1399, laakiin taliyaha cusub awood Yedigei isaga adkaaday, ka dib markii taas Tokhtamysh bilaabay inuu ku tiirsan dunida kula sokoeye hore, kuwaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhintay lix sano ka dib, iyo Khan waxaa ugu danbeyn laga adkaaday oo lagu dilay 1405.

Inkastoo burburka, oo uu soo saaray in dalka Ruushka, habka ay midoobeen sii. Hadha Dmitry Donskoy waa wax badan ka yar loo arkaa la taliyayaashii Horde Golden ah, iyo awood ugu dhakhsaha badan oo dhan Khan noqday magacaaban. Tani waxay socotay ilaa 1480, markii boqornimadii Ivan III ee harqood Tatar-Mongol waxaa si buuxda u afgembiyey.