Guddiga gurmadka degdegga ah: kelmadaha of gaabiyey, taariikhda

Ku dhawaad 25 sano ayaa ka soo wareegtay tan iyo markii la joogo marka warbaahinta ayaa ku dhawaaqay hordhaca ah ee xaalad degdeg ah. Waxay ahayd subaxdii of 19 August jeestay Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1991. The dhacdooyinkii wakhtigaas kuwo baahsan. Waxay ku lug muwaadiniinta iyo siyaasiyiinta labada. Waxaa oo dhan waxay bilaabeen la falalka koox dad ah oo loogu magac daray qudhiisu gaabiyay Guddiga Gurmadka, qoraalka oo la og yahay in muwaadin kasta oo ka dhawrsada, USSR jahli funky suurto galka ah ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Waa maxay waxa ay ahayd: isku day ah in loo ilaalin lahaa dalka ama, taas bedelkeeda, seenyo burbur ay?

prehistory

In guga ee 1990 at Congress xiga ee Dadka xigeenada ururka hantiwadaagga, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la joojiyo ka articles ee Dastuurka, kaas oo ay go'aamiso doorka hogaamineed ee xisbiga shuuciga ah. At madaxweynaha waqti isku mid ah USSR doortay MS Gorbachev.

In May ee isla sanadkaas ay si rasmi ah ugu sareeya ee RSFSR u magacaabay noqon doono ka dib, Madaxweynaha Mustaqbalka ee Russia, Boris Yeltsin. Waxaa soo baxay in hoggaanka Soviet lahaa tartan wejiga oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Ruush, Mufsidiinta isla aagga. In xagaagii Boris ansixiyeen Declaration of Xukunka, bixinta Fadilmo sharciyada Ruush badan Allied sharciyeed.

In isku midka ah leh, kuwaas oo horumar waddaniyiinta waxqabadka bilaabay in Tbilisi, ka dibna Vilnius, soo saaray bayaan ku saabsan gelitaanka sharci darada ah ee Lithuania galay Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo colaadda ka dib dhexeeya dadka kala qowmiyadaha dhexeeya Armenia iyo Azerbaijan.

dhacdooyinka oo dhan waxay u baahan tallaabo on qayb ka mid ah xukuumadda. Markaas waxaa la soo jeediyey in dib loo habeeyo Jamhuuriyadda hantiwadaagga galay waddan oo madax bannaan. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta in mustaqbalka si ay u abuuraan Guddiga Gurmadka. Deciphering gaabiyey imprinted ee taariikhda burburkii Midowga sida Guddiga Gobolka on State of Emergency.

All-Midowga afti

Dabayaaqadii 1990, at shirka xiga ee Mikhail Gorbachev xigeenadiisa ka soo jeediyey fikrad ah ee All-Midowga cod qaranka on arrinta of horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah Midowga dalalka Qaranimo wadnaha ee xiriirka cusub. xigeenadiisa Dadka ee go'aanka ah in afti la aqbalay.

In guga ee 1991 sagaal Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Soofiyeeti siiyey Hunguriyeeyn Darteed toobad in xiriirka cusub ee waddan oo madax bannaan. At afti la mid ah dadka RSFSR taageeray hordhaca ah ee jagada madaxweynaha. Si dhakhso ah uu ku doortay xoreynta Yeltsin.

Ka dib markii cod caanka ah masuuliyiinta ogaaday in Midowgii hore Socialist waxaa jiri doona uma baahna heshiis cusub oo isbahaysi. Just 20 August qorsheeyay inay saxeexaan ku saabsan Gorbachev midow baahsan. Iyo ka hor dhacdada muhiimka abuuray Guddiga State Emergency, kuwaas oo kelmadaha waxaa ka dhawaajisay muwaadiniinta Soviet sida Guddiga Gurmadka.

Diyaarinta Degdegga ah

In aragtida, hordhaca ah ee xaalad degdeg ah ee dalka ku sugan yihiin si dastuuri ah ayaa laga dooday by maamulka ee 1990. At heer wax ku ool ah, ayuu u dhaqaaqay sanadkii, ka dib markii kulan June ee Soviet Sare ee USSR iyo warbixinta ee Ra'iisul Wasaaraha dhibaato qoto dheer. Guddoomiyaha KGB, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha, Wasiirka Gaashaandhiga, ku adkeystay on xaalad degdeg ah si looga hortago burbur dhaqaale ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, madaxweynaha USSR ma taageeri saaxiibadood.

In muddo ah laga bilaabo 7 ilaa 15 August xarunta qarsoodi ah KGB marar VA Kryuchkov kulanka xubnaha mustaqbalka Guddiga Gurmadka. Deciphering hoos u this weli ma yaqaan nin celcelis ahaan, laakiin xubnaha shirqool si dhab ah oo ku lug leh diyaarinta kacaanka soo socda. Wuxuu madax guddoomiye ku xigeenka kooxda ee GI USSR Janaev.

Mikhail Sergeyevich waqtigan vacationing ee Crimean ah.

State of xaaladaha degdegga ah

Morning telefishanka iyo wararka raadiyaha August 19, 1991 bilaabay Cajami ah ee ku hadla ee dokumentiga rasmiga ah, "Declaration of hoggaanka Soviet." Haddana waxaa ka dhawaajisay macluumaad ku saabsan awood xilgudasho madaxtooyada, MS Gorbachev, ay sabab u tahay sii daraysa ee uu caafimaadka, iyo kala guurka ah oo amar Gennadiyu Ivanovichu Yanaevu.

Waxaa markaas waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ka dhawaajisay deciphering afgambi. Si aad u ordo dalka ku dhawaaqay samaynta Guddiga Degdegga ah ee Gobolka. Waxay ka kooban tahay madaxda u ahaa madaxda sare ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha, Wasiirka Gaashaandhiga, Guddoomiyaha KGB ah, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha, kaaliyaha ugu horeeyay ee guddoomiyaha Golaha Difaaca.

xirmo

isla maalintaas ayaa la sheegay in ujeedooyinka ugu waaweyn iyo tallaabooyinka Guddiga Gurmadka. Deciphering guddiga this ahaa on bushimaha muwaadin kasta Soviet, walaacsan waayo, dalkooda.

Ujeedada ugu weyn oo ka mid ah xubnaha Guddiga cusub ee State ahaa si looga hortago in saxiixa Treaty Union iyo burburkii USSR. Ka sokow hordhaca ah ee xaalad degdeg ah muddo 6 bilood ah, oo ka kooban tallaabooyinka soo socda qaatay in Resolution ee Guddiga Gurmadka:

• Baabiiyo of control iyo xoogga dhismeedka madaniga perechaschih xeerarka iyo Dastuurka ee USSR.
• sharciga Mudnaanta-urur.
• Joojinta waxqabad ee ururada dadweynaha, xisbiyada siyaasadda, caqabad ku shaqada si caadi xaaladda.
• Samaynta gacanta warbaahinta.
• Iska ilaalinta haysta baxyada, bannaanbaxyo iyo weerar.
• Hordhaca ciidamada caasimada iyo gawaarida gaashaaman.

mucaaradka

By amar of DT Yazov subaxdii on 19 August ee caasimada dhaqaaqay Kantemir Haanta Division iyo Taman Gaadhi qoriga Division. About afar kun oo ciidamo gaaray in 12 saacadood ee Moscow, halkaas oo uu degan kaabayaasha magaalada muhiimka ah ee. Dadka waxay bilaabeen inay ka cabsadaan bilowgii macquulka ah ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye.

Intaa waxaa dheer, putschists ka qaaday in xanibaadda ciidamada gaarka ah Alpha guriga dal Yeltsin. Laakiin ka dib markii aad hesho macluumaad ku saabsan waxa ka dhacaya magaalada Muqdisho, Boris go'aansado inuu si degdeg ah u yimid inuu Aqalka Cad. Joojinta Taliyaha group helo amarka aan Celinaya bixitaankii Madaxweynaha RSFSR ah.

Imaanshaha Golaha Soofiyeedku, Yeltsin leeyahay dideen in ay iskaashi la yeesho xubnaha Guddiga Gurmadka, oo sheegaya in ay hab dhaqanka dastuurka. Isla inqilaabkii ciidanka inuu ka Aqalka Cad diray oo uu qabtay. Hawlgalka ayaa la odhan jiray "Thunder". Laakiin waxaa jiray Buuqa ah: yaraaday gacanta ciidamada gaarka, kuwaas oo madaxyo simanna leh Yeltsin.

falalka Gorbachev ee

Si aad u yaab dadka hawlahooda sharci ah, Guddiga Gurmadka State (Guddiga Emergency), wargeliyay muwaadiniinta ah oo ku saabsan cudurka madaxweynaha xilka Mikhail Gorbachev. Maalin ka hor dhacdooyinka khaas ah USSR on August 19 afgambi: Baklanov, Varennikov, Boldin, Chenin iyo Plekhanov - socday Foros in ballantaas Mikhail Sergeyevich. Waxay ka koobnayd awoodaha Yanayev dhiibin iskaa wax u qabso. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, dhagar Gorbachev bixiyey inuu is casilo, kadib markii wareegto amar shuruudaha in ay galaan xaalad degdeg ah.

ballantaas ay lama aqbalin, iyo sida natiijo ah - go'doomin dhamaystiran oo Madaxweynaha ee Foros on afgambi. Ma Gorbachev ogaa oo ku saabsan dhagarta urur ee inqilaabkii? Deciphering taariikhda ah dhacdooyinkaan waxay u yareeyaan lug US in burburkii USSR. Habeeynimadii of inqilaabkii, ee July, dalka waxaa soo booqday by Agaasimihii hore ee CIA George HW Bush. Waxaan ognahay in uu kula kulmay Gorbachev oo Yeltsin. Ay wada hadal lama yaqaan, laakiin network sirdoonka ayaa helay amar ay u ilaaliyaan shirqoolkii.

Iyo dhaqanka ee Mikhail Gorbachev ma aha oo gebi ahaanba cad. August 3 wuxuu siiyey hadalka ah in xaaladda adag ee dalka iyo waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la soo bandhigo xaalad degdeg ah, iyo maalinta ku xigta oo la seexday ee Crimean ah.

qabashada inqilaabkii

On August 21 kulan oo ay leeyihiin. ku saabsan. Madaxweynaha GI Yanaeva on taas oo xubnaha guddiga waxay go'aansatay in ay wafdi u diri Foros in Mikhail Sergeyevich. Sidoo kale, Soviet Sare ee USSR ku sheegay in xil ka qaadistooda ee Mikhail Gorbachev ahayd sharci-darro ah oo dalbaday in Yanaeva kansasho amar iyo gobolka ee xeer xaalad degdeg ah. In fiidkii of isla maalintaas soo saaray amar ah xadhiga ka mid ah xubnaha Guddiga Gurmadka. Later, ee 1994, ay u saamaxay.

dhibaatada August ayaa ku dhamaaday iyadoo burburkii USSR. All Jamhuuriyadda ayaa noqday sidoo kale u sheegi ay xorriyadda. The deggan oo Soviet iyo post-Soviet Union saxiixo su'aasha ah: "? Waa maxay inqilaabkii" Deciphering qadaadiic saamiga 1991 waxa sidoo kale la dhacdooyinkii afgambi August ah, laakiin wax yar ka dib numismatics.

Waxa kaliya ee in ka dhigay shirqoolkii - waa la baabiiyo of saxiixa Treaty Midowga. Dhibaatada fahamka waxa dhacay waa in afgambi oo keliya bilaabay, iyo ciidamada uu soo horjeeda dhammeeyey.

Numismatics: inqilaabkii, kelmadaha iyo qorniinkan

daraawiishi ay of Union la daabacay dhammaan meelaha kasta oo ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda hore. Russia - waa laga reebo lahayn. In 1991 wuxuu bilaabay inuu lacagta birta ah, reexaanta la image ku obverse ee Tower Spasskaya iyo Golaha Sare. Waxay yihiin taariikhda numismatics xusuustay sida Guddiga Gurmadka ee qadaadiic ah. Fasiraadda raso, kuwaas oo ka mid ah lacagta qadaadiicda kale waa mid fudud, ay qabtay ilaa 1992, halka on obverse uusan muuqan gorgor.

Rare nuqul qadaadiic 1991 waa "10 rubles", bimetallic, tilmaamay Buoni Moscow ee.

muunada Rare qabtay Leningrad Buoni, sidoo kale qiimaha magacaaban ee "10 rubles" sanadkii 1992.