"Gremyashchy" (baabbi'iyuhu of Northern Fleet ah) inta lagu guda jiro sano ee dagaalka

Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, wax kasta - diyaarad, markab, iyo xataa askari fudud, in ay gacan ka difaaca dalka iyo iyada keentay in qiyaas Maalin Victory ah. Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in ku xirnaan kartaa badmaaxa fudud ama markab? Sidee bay dalka iyo dunida waxay keeni kartaa in dhamaadka dagaalka? diiwaanka casriga ah iyo taariikhi ah ku tilmaami geesinimada ah, geesinimada iyo rag xoog badan, ma aha oo kaliya askar shaqsi iyo ragga baxriyiinta ah, laakiin sidoo kale cutubyo dhan, iyo ciidamada badda, taangiyada iyo diyaaradaha. Tayada gudaha dadka oo ahayd sidii ku maray farsamada, taas oo ay meesha ka.

Sidaas baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" kooxda, camal iyo tallaabooyinka ay iyada kasbadeen cadowga garab horyaalka. Waa maxay nooca nooc ka mid ah markab lagu magacaabo baabbi'iyuhu?

Baabbi'iyuhu - Markab dagaal ah kaabayaal ah

Kuwa ku baabbi'inaya, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan baabbi'iyuhu, waa farsamada a multi-Ujeedada dagaal-xawaaraha, taas oo ugu diyaar u tahay inay dagaal ka dhan ah maraakiibtooda quusta, diyaaradaha (in version a casri ah oo lagu gano), iyo Markabka cadowga. Hawsha baabbi'in lahaa ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah ilaalinta iyo difaaca kolonyo ciidamada badda, weerarada soo ilaalayn, taageero madaafiic lagu guda jiro dhulka iyo wixii la mid ah.

"Gremyashchy" - Ilaalada koox dad ah baabbi'iyuhu waa in WWII

Tani waxay la dul saarin wax dumiya warshadda Leningrad № 190 ka yar tirada C-515. Saddex sano ka dib, dhismahan la dhameeyey iyo Baltic Red Banner ka Fleet isagii ka qaaday in uu shaqaalaha. Dhowr bilood ka dib, in baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy", kaas oo wakhtigaas amray I. A. ku Gurin, oo ay la socdaan in baabbi'iyuhu "burburiyo" tallaabay White Sea-Baltic Canal iyo Kronstadt yimid Polar.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Finland "Gremyashchy" marar badan oofiyo hawlaha ilaalinta iyo soo ilaalayn, iyo sidoo kale ilaalinta kolonyo baabuur.

Bishii November 1940, doonnidiina waxay ku dhowaatay in adeegga damaanad iyo dayactir, kaas oo socday ilaa May 1941. Sidaas baabbi'iyuhu hor bilowgii dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic jiray xaalad fiican oo.

baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" ee 1937, in maalmaha hore ee dagaalka

In qeybtii labaad ee habeenkii June 22, 1941 , Northern Fleet ah ayaa lagu wargeliyay. "Qalad" ayaa lagu amray in ay si deg deg ah u tagtaa dibinta Vaenga ee Arctic ah. Halkaa marka ay marayso, June 23 baabbi'iyuhu ku eeliyey weerarka by diyaaradaha Jarmal, iyo maalintii ku xigtay ayuu u baxay inuu olole militari ugu horeysay, convoying maraakiibta gaadiidka ka Murmansk in Titovka halkaas oo hoos u toogtay qarxiyay Col.

Ilaa dhexe ee August 1941 baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet jiray Vaenga, samaynta heystaan marmar badda ku tuuraya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu jiro waqtigan, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u muujiyaan in ka badan 20 weerar oo ka hawada.

By 18 August baabbi'iyuhu waa u soo ururtay in Murmansk, halkaas oo ahayd sidii loo xoojin ah hubka ay lidka diyaaradaha, madfac 45-millimeter ah oo lagu daray qaar ka mid ah qoryaha 37-millimeter.

August 22 quusta Jarmal iyo qarax weeraray markab unit cadowga "Maria Ulyanova". In baabbi'iyuhu ay difaaca "Gremyashchy" ayaa lagu soo diray, oo ay la socdaan maxkamadaha, "Kuibyshev", "Uritsky" iyo "Storm" markab ilaalo ah. In dagaalka this, shaqaale ka mid ah "Gremyaschi" cadeeyay inuu yahay koox weyin, geesinimo iyo khibrad dagaal. waxaa ka mid ah "Junkers" hoos u toogtay iyo kuwa kale ee la si xun u dhaawacay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu helay baabbi'iyuhu burbur yar oo 8 bambooyin qarxay ka kooxdiisa kaliya 15 mitir. Laakiin afar maalmood ka dib markii dayactir degdeg ah ka dib markii kolonyo ay badda ku weheliyay "Gremyashchy".

Baabbi'iyuhu waa bil oo dhan September waxaa ku rakibidda keeye iyo jeer afar kaliya ee badda u furan rasaas on bartilmaameed dhulka cadowga. Muddadan, wuxuu ku dhisay in ka badan 190 daqiiqo, oo soo saaray oo ku saabsan 300 qolofka.

Ilaa iyo dhamaadka 1941 "Gremyashchy" istaajiyay dhexeeya saldhigyadii in Murmansk, ee Arctic iyo Vaenga joogto ah waxa ay weeraro ku jagooyinka cadowga. The baabbi'iyuhu howlgalka ugu cajiibsan ee Bilaha ugu horreeya ee dagaalka - dekedda Varde duqeyn ee Norway on November 24 habeen. 6 daqiiqo ka dib, wuxuu soo saaray 87 wareeg oo si ammaan ah si ay u database Registry ku soo laabtay, waxaa aan ku dhaawacmeen jawaab dabka.

In maxkamad cusub ee sanadka sii

baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet February 21, 1942 rasaas ku jagooyinka cadowga ee Norway 121 gano.

By guga ee 1942 baabbi'iyuhu waa la socday 11 kolonyo huwanta. All weeraro markab ka dhacay cimilada adag. Tusaale ahaan, March 14 baabbi'iyuhu lahaa ee barafka ee badda woqooyi in ay weeraraan Jarmal gujis saddex eedeeyay qoto dheer. A March 22, halka galbinayay kolonyo kale wuxuu ahaa duufaanka awood badan. Maraakiibta gaadiidka iyo maraakiibta wehel kala firdheen in jiho oo kala duwan. Waxa uu soo gaaray iyo "Gremyashchy" - wax dumiya ee hirarka badda ku dhuftay tirada dhaawacyo halis ah. Laba maalmood ka dib ayuu u sameeyey si uu saldhig u leedahay March 28, oo ay la socdaan in baabbi'iyuhu "burburiyo" iyo doonnida oo Ingiriisi ah "Oribi" in ay ku riday in ay badda kulanka soo socda ee maraakiibta xamuulka safarkii soo socda UK.

Maalintii xigtay, ka kolonyo iyo wehel la weeraray by maraakiibta cadowga, kaas oo si guul ah ka dhiidhiyaan. Laakiin waxaa sugayay yaab kale. March 30, 1942 at galo si Kola Bay la ogaaday by gujis cadowga. "Gremyashchy" at xawaaraha sare ee dhinaca meesha uu barakacyo cadowga iyo hoos u galay biyaha 17 eedeeyay qoto dheer. Weerarka ayaa ahaa mid lagu guuleystey: waqti gaaban ka dib waxaa jiray burburka ku dhisneyd saliid dusha badda iyo bac taliyaha Jarmal ee. Sida ka leexatay ka dib, ee gujis Jarmal U-585 Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey.

Inta lagu guda jiro bisha oo dhan April baabbi'iyuhu waa si joogto ah u tageen inay badda in meeluu kolonyo. Xaaladdan oo kale, hal dhacdo xun waxaa laga soo qoray. Dhamaadkii bishii "Gremyashchy" la "xun" qaaday in ilaalinta markab Ingiriiska "Edinburgh", kaas oo la weeraray by gujis ah Jarmal. Night May 1 baabbi'inaya lagu qasbay in ay ku noqdaan saldhigga talla-galay inay. Oo maalintii labaadna, "Gremyashchy" ku soo laabtay markab ah, laakiin waxay ahayd goor dambe: "Edinburgh" waxaa tiimbadeen maraakiibta German.

Laga soo bilaabo May ilaa dhamaadka June baabbi'iyuhu Soviet "Gremyashchy" tijaabada dayactirka on sabayn tirada salka 104. Its kaliya ma dhayida up, laakiin beddelay oo kaabaya hub ciidan ah. In geeddi-socodka, ku dhawaad maalin kasta lahaa in weerarrada caabiyaan diyaarad cadowga. Sidaas daraaddeed, on June 15 at weerar hawada soo socda on dukaanka dayactirka baabbi'iyuhu lidka diyaaradaha ah hoos u toogtay saddex qarax, iyo dhaawac isla sababaha.

dayactiray

Ka dib markii dayactir ku, baabbi'iyuhu waa sii ilaalinta maraakiibta xamuulka, si joogto ah oo muujineysa weerarada ay diyaaradaha cadowga.

Tan iyo dhamaadka August - bilowga September 1942 "Gremyashchy" yaal xidheen in Murmansk, halkaas oo ay ka soo galay ee nidaamka difaaca hawada. Shanaad ee Arsenal September saarnaayeen shaqaalaha, oo ay la socdaan ilaalada xeebaha dab on group dagaalka cadowga duulaya bam magaalada Murmansk furay. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka ku batari lidka diyaaradaha markab ee la toogtay hoos saddex diyaaradood, laakiin markabka laftiisa aan la burburay, inkastoo dhowr ah oo ku qarxay ka badan 12 bambooyin.

Inta bil oo dhan September waxaan lahaa dagaalo badan "Gremyashchy": baabbi'iyuhu difaacay ku jiido maraakiibta Soviet iyo Allied. Laakiin dhaawaca ugu weyn in markabka soo baxday ma by rasaas cadowga iyo qolofka, la yaab leh sida ay u muuqato, oo ka element badda. Waxa uu mar walba uu helo in dabeylo, ka dib markii taas oo si dhib leh u hesho in ay saldhig ugu dhow ee dayactirka. Tusaale ahaan, October 21 baabbi'iyuhu qabtay in duufaan oo kale, maxaa yeelay, taas oo qayb ka ah qalabka iyo tirada a rasaas laga badiyay. Dabayaaqadii October, uu mar kale ku dhuftey 7 eeliyo la barafka dabaysha, ka dibna markabka daadadku qodaa adag oo biyo ah. Markabka laga bilaabo ciribta 52 digrii, kululeeyaha driving koowaad iyo saddexaad waxay bilaabeen in ay ku fashilmaan. Sidaa darteed, baabbi'iyuhu waa lagu qasbay inuu si tartiib ah u soo laabto saldhig, oon ku joojiyeen heegan ah.

Ilaalada horyaalka

March 1, 1943 baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" si wadajir ah ula uu markabka for muujinaya geesinimo iyo geesinimada waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee ilaalada.

Ilaa iyo dhamaadka markabka 43 April la cusboonaysiiyey, oo muujineysa in ka badan toban sano ka hor in cirka laga duqeeyo in. iyaga ka mid ahaa kiis la yaab leh, marka diyaaradda la toogtay hoos Ruush ah la calamado aqoonsi ah nooca aan la garanayn.

Laga soo bilaabo May ilaa June ilaalada baabbi'iyuhu galbiyeen kow iyo toban baabuurta caravan, halka oo daata weeraradii ah "pack Yeeyi" ee quusta Jarmal.

In xilliga dayrta ee 1944 "Gremyashchy" in raxan qaadeen taageerada dabka ee ciidammadii horumarinta ee Front Karelia ah.

Sida loo markab call, sidaas darteed waxaa sabeyn doonaa

baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" intii lagu jiray dagaalka ayaa si dhab ah kasbadeen magaceeda. Waxa uu u ciyaaray in ka badan 90 hawlgallada dagaalka loo xilsaaray isaga amarka wayn, wuxuu ahaa ku saabsan 60 kun oo mayl-badeed. Baabbi'iyuhu badbaadiyay 112 weerar hawada cadowga, hoos u toogtay 14 iyo dhaawac halis ah in ka badan 20 diyaaradood, si guul leh galbiyeen ku saabsan 40 urur oo 24 ka mid ah kolonyo our, degtay mid ka mid oo sababay dhaawaca laba quusta Jarmal, daraasiin jeer qaatay duqeyn dekadaha iyo boosaska cadowga. Iyo in kaliya ee, xogta rasmiga ah ee diiwaan.

In xagaagii 1945 ka Captain A. I. Gurin helay title sare ee Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti.

ka dib markii ay guul ka

In 1956, baabbi'iyuhu waa la qaaday hubka, oo wuxuu noqday markab tababarka a. Oo laba sannadood ayuu ahaa laga saaray Navy ah. baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" ee 1941-1945, wuxuu tegey on fasax, iyo by markab cusub oo casri ah anti-gujis ee isku magaca, taas oo sii wada dhaqankii ammaanta baabbi'iyuhu waa caanka ah ee Northern Soofiyeeti Fleet uu bedelay.

beegyada uu Farsamada ee baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy"

baabbi'iyuhu "Gremyashchy" kuwaas oo sawir aan arki karnaa kor ku xusan, waxa uu leeyahay awood ka mid ah 48,000 hooras iyo barakaca ah ee 2380 tons, dherer ah 113 iyo 10 mitir oo ballaaran. xawaaraha ugu badan ee markabka - 32 kuus kuus, ka saaciday inay kala duwan leh hab bey'ada - in ka badan 1,600 miles. baabbi'iyuhu Qalabka wuxuu lahaa afar qoryaha 130-millimeter, laba 76.2-mm iyo afar madfac 37-mm iyo afar qoryaha darandooriga mataano ah, laba madaafiic iyo labada tuubbo toorbiidyo. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa kaalinta on doonnidii fuulnay 56 daqiiqo, ku saabsan 55 qolofka qoto dheer oo iskeel oo kala duwan. shaqaale oo ka kooban 245 oo qof weel.

Natiijada dib u eegista

Sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka of saraakiil Jarmal iyo askari ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, ciidamada badda ee Soviet ayaa had iyo jeer ku dhuftay oo aan wax badan sifooyinka farsamo ee qoryaha sida geesinimada ah, ayaa baxriyiintii iyo saraakiishii ku dagaallama ayaa laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ah xaaladaha Injiillada hoos noocyo kala duwan oo xaaladaha.

Iyo "Gremyashchy" kasbadeen magaca tallaabo gadaal sannado badan oo dagaal waajib si ay u ilaaliyaan oo dalkeenna ka soo furtay cadowga duulaanka difaacaan. In ciidamada badda Ruushka oo casri ah oo ku saabsan Ciidamada badda ee hubka, dabcan, waa Maraakiib badan oo casri ah ka badan weel 1941-1945 ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ruuxii ka mid ah caadooyinka legdinta sidiisii.