Gobolka Vitebsk: indhaha, taariikhda iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

Gobolka Vitebsk waa qayb ka mid ah Belarus. xarunta maamulka Its waa magaaladii Vitebsk, meel u dhow kaas barwaaqaysan webiga Zapadnaya Dvina iyo Vitba.

jeer madaxda

Waxaa la malaysan in Age Stone ku saabsan dhulka ee gobolka Vitebsk degi yaabaa Aabayaalkanno aad u fog. Daraasad lagu tilmaamay goobaha dadka heer hoose ayaa kor u sheegeen in ay ka tirsan tahay Maarta iyo Iron Age.

In the "SHEEKADII teesto Years" pages of Chronicle caan ah, oo ka kooban in 862, u Celiyaan Xagga kibir ee Polotsk ee maanta ka dhacay Vitebsk. Prince ugu horeysay ee qeybta ugu da'da weynaa dhuleed ee gobolka in uu ahaa Prince Rogvolod, iyo doorka xilsaaray xarunta maamulka ee Polotsk. Maanta gobolka Vitebsk, indhaha, kaas oo waxaan ku tilmaami ee maqaalka, waxa ay u muuqataa, dabcan, kuwo ku kala duwan.

At Warega of qarniyadii XIII-XIV, waxay bilaabeen geedi socod degdeg ah horumarinta degaanka, marka la eego ganacsiga iyo dhaqanka. Horeba in qarnigii XVI ka. dhulka ka mid ah Biyac Orthodox oo macbudyo oo ka mid ah dugsiyada ugu horeysay furay. Guud ahaan, taariikhyahanadu gobolka Vitebsk aad u xiiso badan - oo dhan indhaha ku yaalaan halkan, waa wax aan macquul aheyn si ay u arkaan in hal maalin.

Isbeddellada tan iyo qarnigii XVI ka

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVI ka. in Europe, xoog helo Polish Kingdom, kaas oo ka dib ku biirtay ee Grand Duchy of Lithuania sameeyay Polish-Lithuanian ee Commonwealth. Si toos ah bedeli awoodda ee bilowgii qarnigii XVII ah. iyo beero Vitebsk, cawaaqib oo dhan. booska ugu badan ee iimaanka Catholic, la xoojiyo horumarinta kiniisadda Dominican, abuuritaanka Jesuit College iyo sababo keniisad Bernardine. By habka, maanta waxay yihiin - jiidashada ugu weyn ee gobolka Vitebsk ah.

In 1866, tareenka laan ka Eagle in Riga oo ay la socdaan labada magaalo-madaxyada Empire Ruushka, iyo sidoo kale Kiev iyo Brest, waxaa ka mid ah in ay ka kooban of Vitebsk. Oo by 1914, Vitebsk - aagga badan oo magaalada la warshadaha fiican oo heer sare. Ka hor inta kacaanka ee 1917 ee shirkadaha kala duwan warshadaha ee magaalada shaqaysay muddo ku dhow 8% oo ka mid ah 109,000 muwaadiniinta ku nool waxaa ku jira.

In muddo ah laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa April 1919 Poland ka faa'ideystay dagaalkii sokeeye gayiga, tiimbadeen horaba lagay, Empire Ruush ah, iyo qayb ka mid ah dalka of Belarus wada mashquulsan magaalada hadda ee Minsk. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobolka Vitebsk ku hadhay Russia Soofiyeeti.

Gobolka Modern Vitebsk

Vitebsk oblast Waxbarashada dhaco January dhexe 1938 A July 11, 1941 in Vitebsk waxaa ka joogay Jarmal jidadka askari. Sannadihii dagaalka ee Jarmalka ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba magaalooyinka waaweyn baabbi'iyey.

Gobolka Vitebsk Modern caan ku tahay heerka sare ah ee horumarinta warshadaha iyo beeraha. maamulka deegaanka kor u ciidaha music, curin iyo dhacdooyin dhaqameed oo kale. Iyadoo horyaalka ee xarunta gobolka xiran yahay caanka ah "Slavic Bazaar". Sidaas gobolka Vitebsk, indhaha, taas oo aan ku fekereyno, waxaa laga yaabaa in si nabad ah loo tixgelin iyo xarunta dhaqanka ee dalka.

Qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh ee la xiriira oblast Vitebsk ah

Magaalada ugu yar ee aagga waa Disna, oo ku yaalla on webiga magac la mid ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1921 in 1939 magaalada waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay qayb ka mid ah Poland. Oo tan iyo 1959 waxay keensataa ay xaaladda hadda - Disna (gobolka Vitebsk). Soojiidashada waa arrin kala duwan. Dalxiisayaasha waa booqo halkan:

• isbitaalka (laga bilaabo XX ee.) - arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee,
• Site qalcadda qadiimiga ah (qarniyo XVI-XVII.);
• estate "Doroshkovichi";
• Qiyaame Church.

Dad yar ogahay in ku saleysan novel goob A. S. Pushkina "Dubrovsky" ayuu u adeegi jireen sida ay dhacdo in dhacay oo dhan isku Vitebsk ah. Fikradda qoraaga caanka Ruush iyo Abwaan waxaa uu ku dhiiraday by saaxiibkiis wanaagsan Naschokinym P. V. Vitebsk Pushkin ahaa marka, 1823, waxaa la faray in ay tixraac 13-bisha ay u Odessa. Iyo qaar ka mid ah indhaha ee gobolka Vitebsk waa la xarrimay in ay dhacdadan.

Waxa si fiican loo yaqaan, ka Paris bilaabeen inay gaardi badan oo Yurub ah, Renaissance, Renaissance. A Vitebsk, jidka mezhdk, horyaalka waxaa iska leh caasimada labaad ee jihada farshaxanka. Nasiib darro, xaqiiqda, dhowr maqlay.

Maanta Vitebsk noqon kartaa faani tiro badan oo ah waxyaalaha qiimaha taariikhda iyo dhaqanka. Waxaa jira 219 taxadiri, sideed ku saabsan taariikhda iyo lix - in cilmi akeoloji. Waa hodan ku ah dhismayaasha qadiimka ah gobolka Vitebsk. Meelaha noqon kartaa waqti dheer arkaysid, dhegaysiga sheekooyinka oo xiiso leh dadka deegaanka, wuuna hanuunin.

Shakhsiyaadka u fiican ee gobolka Vitebsk

Vitebsk waxa uu ku dhashay kuna soo barbaaray Mark Shagal. uu ku qaatay sano uu carruurnimada jidadka Pokrovskaya. In gurigii ay ku noolaayeen qoyska rinjiile caanka ah ee mustaqbalka, hadda waa matxaf. Dhamaan waxyaabaha guriga ku jirto, oo wuxuu lahaa in la sameeyo la-abuurka Chagall, waxa ay hadda soo bandhigay in matxafka sida soo bandhigaa.

Sida waraaqaha arkiifiyo ee 1896 a France Fernand Guillen ku salaysan heshiiska lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo dowladda magaalada, aqbaleen inay dhisaan waddada ah trams korontada. Sababo la xaqiiqada laba sano ka dib, magaalada horay dardartay qaab aan caadi ahayn ee gaadiidka dadweynaha. Museum of taariikhda ilaaliyaa xasuusta dhacdada u gaar ah - taraamka ugu horeysay, taasoo loo arko kibirka Vitebsk.

In July 1895 deggan Vitebsk Drevnitskoy OM ahaa awoodaan in ay si guul leh dalka baarashuud ah, si ay caan ku noqday, inuu noqdo parachutist ugu horeysay ee dumar ah.

In hore 80-mada ay qarnigii XIX. Vitebsk sawir Sigizmundu Yurkovskomu soo fikrad cajiib ah - in ay qalabeeyaan ah shutter camera deg dega ah. Runtii, kanu wuxuu ahaa kacaanka ah oo duurka ku ah sawirada.

xaqiiqooyinka Interesting SOFHURA

dagaal ayaa ka tagay ee taariikhda gobolka Vitebsk iyo sumadda tirtiri karin. Sidaas daraaddeed, 3 bilood Vitebsk ahaa ciidanka Napoleon ee degan aaga intii lagu jiray dagaalka ee 1812, Guddoomiyaha ayaa Palace, oo wakhtigaas ahaa on Hill male ah, Napoleon u doortay inuu meel Xarunta Militariga. In magaaladan Belarus gooyo Faransiis on August 3, lahaa oo loogu dabaaldegayay dhalashadiisii soo socda.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic for Vitebsk ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu adag ee. Ku dhawaad guryaha oo dhan waa la wada baabbi'iyey (93%) iyo 167 kun oo muwaadiniinta badbaadada ahaa Si kastaba ha ahaatee 118. kaliya, ka dib markii guuldarro oo ka mid ah soo duulay Nazi waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan magaalada.

taxadiri Military in gobolka Vitsebsk caanka - indhaha, taas oo kama tegi karo qof taag daran.

Ili Repina Museum iyo Sophia Hagia ah

At 16 km ka Vitebsk waa a museum-estate ee ili Repina "Zdravnevo". Ilaa 1892 dubaan la odhan jiray Sofievka. Waxay iibsaday peredvzhnik artist ah oo ku saabsan lacagaha la helay ka dib markii sale ee rinjiyeynta caanka Alexander Emperor ee III ee, taas oo muujinaysa kuwo isku duwidda goobta a Zaporozhye Cossacks qoraal jawaab u Suldaanka Turkish. In ay dubaan this Ilya Repin waxaa uu ku dhiiraday in la abuuro in ka badan 40 ka mid ah masterpieces uu, ay ka mid yihiin "madow", "Dayrta Bouquet", "The Sun" iyo kuwa kale.

Oo ay martay waddo geedaha la shiday, taasoo artist ah, weli fursad u leeyihiin inay ku socdaan martida xaafadda.

Polotsk ka baxsan Castle waa St. Sophia Cathedral (Sophia ama Wisdom Quduuska ah), la ilaaliyo by UNESCO. Waxaa iska leh ee macbudyo ugu horreeya ee Asalraacnimadu, halka Belarus waxaa loo arkaa inay macbudka ugu horeysay ee ka dhisan dhagax. Qiyaastii in XI. Vseslav Wizard baray si ay u dhisaan macbudka ah, turjumaya xoogga Polotsk. noocooda The adeegay sidii la shaqayn sare oo ka mid ah caasimadda ah ee Empire Byzantine ah.

City Deep iyo kuwo macbudyo dhaca magaalada Lepel

Magaalo qurux badan Deep (gobolka Vitebsk) waxa uu ku yaalaa 187 km ka Vitebsk. Soojiidashada ee aagga racfaan ka qaadan doonto in qof kasta oo ka maqsuuday dhismayaasha qadiimka ah:

• Mill (1911);
• Karmel keniisad (XVII-XIX c.);
• Cathedral ee ku dhalatay ee Virgin Mary ee barakaysan (1639-1654 g);
• St. Trinity Church (1628).

Xitaa magaalada dhexdeeda waxaa hadhay shan harooyinka. Dalxiisayaasha waa inay booqdaan iyo Gluboksky museum taariikhi ah oo kaladuwan.

Oo connoisseurs macbudyo u leedahay in aad arki soo jiidashada Lepel (gobolka Vitebsk)

• Chapel ee St. George (1900);
• Chapel-nadmogile (XIX ee.);
• Church of St. Paraskeva (1841-1844 g);
• Church of St. Casimir (1857-1876 g).

Magaalada Tani waxa uu ku yaalaa on Vitebsk ka fogaan ah 110 km. dhul waxaa si degdeg ah horumarinta - ayaa dhamaantood dhismayaal cusub ayaa la dhisay, dugsiyada iyo xannaanooyinka.

muuqaal dabiici ah oo lamid ah

reserve Jamhuuriga muuqaalka "Yelnya", oo ku yaalla gobolka Miory ah, waxay caan ku tahay harooyinka qadiimiga glacial iyo bogs, in hadalqaaday ah kuwaas oo dalxiis waa breathtaking. The oldest (isagu kuma uu jirin wax ka yar 9000 sanno jir) qoyan loo yaqaan "Yelnya" waa 20 kun. Hektar.

In xilliga dayrta halkan ido in tiro badan oo wiish cawl iyo berriga. meelaha hoose waa mid aad u hodan ku cranberries. berry waa sidaas oo caan ah in iyada oo sharaf sanad kasta xitaa leeyihiin iid gaar ah dabiiciga ah.

Halkan waxaa ku qoran liiska soo jiidashada ugu fiican ee gobolka Vitebsk ah, oo waa inay arkaan dalxiis kasta oo booqday Belarus:

1. Quduuska waseeqeeyay Cathedral (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia Sophia (Polotsk).
3. Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Farshaxan Belarus (Polotsk) Museum.
5. Taallo u geesiyaal of War ka Patriotic ee 1812 (Polotsk).
6. buundada Pushkinsky (Vitebsk).
7. Peter waxaan deggan (Polack).
8. Cathedral ee ku dhalatay ee Virgin Mary barakaysan (Deep).
9. Dhaqanka Dhaqanka Museum (Braslav).
10. dhismaha xusuus "Rylenki".

Tani waa liiska ugu yar ee waxa istaahilaa dareenka of dalxiis kasta.