Empire Bulgarian, taariikhda dhacdada

In qaybta bari ee Peninsula Balkan waa Jamhuuriyadda Bulgaria, lagu qabtay waddada dheer oo ay adag tahay in ay horumarka, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ah heerarka kala duwan ee horumarka siyaasadeed iyo dhaqan ee muddooyinka alternated hoos. Waxbarashada Bulgarian Kingdom iyo taariikhda ku xiga noqday mawduuca of this article.

Abuurista gobolka ugu horreeyey ee Balkans

Marxaladaha ugu weyn ee taariikhda boqortooyada Bulgarian loo qaybin karaa saddex kala duwan. Dadka ugu horeeya si ay dad qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Peninsula Balkan ah ee sanadkii 681 BC. e., wuxuu noqday Bulgarian, oo ka kooban wakiillo ka socda qabiilooyinka Turkic ah, ka qarnigii IV degganaa Badda Madow kor u deel u foothills of North Caucasus. Waxana kala soo qaybgalay qaar ka mid ah Slavic iyo qabiilooyinka Thracian. xukuumadda sameeyay iyaga by hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida Bulgarian koowaad ee Empire iyo ilaa 1018, markii hoos ciribtir ee Empire Byzantine ku dhacay.

Muddada ay barwaaqo ugu weyn waxaa loo arkaa inay boqortooyada Tsar Simecoon waxaan weyn, taas oo ka socday muddo 893 927 sano. Marka ee xarunta Bulgarian First boqortooyada, waa in 893 sano oo magaalada ka mid ah Pliska, oo markii dambe u guurtay Preslav ah, waxa uu ahaa ma ahan oo keliya xarunta weyn ganacsiga iyo siyaasadda, laakiin sidoo kale door ka mid ah buundo in la midoobin badan oo ka mid ah dadyowga Slavic.

talinaysay ee Bulgarian First boqortooyada

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada reer Simecoon aan soohdimaha uu gobolka daboolayaa inta badan Peninsula Balkan ah, ay helaan saddex badaha - the Black, Aegean iyo Adriya hore. Sida laga soo xigtay Byzantinist ugu weyn ee casriga ah - Aqoonyahan Faransiis ka soo jeedo Greek Eleni Arveler - waxay ahayd gobolka ugu horreeyey ee ku dhisay dalka reer barbariyiintiina, ay leedahay in kuwa sano Empire Byzantine ah.

Empire Bulgarian First kasbadeen mahadnaq ee Faracoodii in inta badan ka qayb qaatay waxbarashada qabiilooyinka jaahilka Slavic by Asalraacnimadu ah. Waxaa halkan ahayd inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada oo ka mid ah kuwa dhawrsada King Boris I (852-889 GG.), The caan ka dib canonized, waxaa jiray xuruuf ugu horeysay Slavic, oo halkaas ka tegey qorista ee Yurubta Bari.

dayrta ee gobolka cadaadis ee Byzantium

Inta taariikhda Bulgarian First boqortooyada hadhay xiisadda siyaasadeed ee u dhexeeya taliyayaashii iyo boqorada ee Byzantium, qayb ka mid ah, kuwaas oo dhulka ayaa la soo duulay by hoggamiye-Bulgarians sannaddii 681 ay. Inta badan, way kortay galay dagaallo hubaysan, iyo mararka qaarkood dagaal-buuxa. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo gardarada furan ay boqorada Byzantine Nikiforom Fokoy, John Tzimiskes iyo Vasily III, boqortooyada horeysay Bulgarian dhacay, si ay u adkeysan duulaankii of Tiro badan oo awood badan deriskiisa karin.

Si aad u badbaaday ka taxadiri cajiib ah mudadaas, raagayaan inta badan ee labadii taaj oo ka mid ah dalalka qadiimiga ah - Pliska iyo Preslav. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah ahaa caan ku tahay Shuushan - qalcaddayda ah, kaas oo ku hadhay geli karin dhowr qarniyo. Xataa maantadan waxaad ka arki kartaa hadhaagii derbiyada dhagaxa waxaa ku wareegsan, dhumucda oo gaadhay laba mitir, iyo Dhuur korkooda Towers shan laab.

Nooleenta Kingdom Bulgaria

Wixii macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan sida iyo goorta waxaa jiray a boqortooyadii labaad Bulgarian, taariikhyahan jirto opinion aad u qeexan. xeerka Byzantine ee Balkans ku dhamaatay kacdoonkii ka qarxay 1185 hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Theodore-Peter iyo walaalihiis Assen iyo Kaloyan uu. Sidaas darteed qarannimada madaxa banaan waa bogsatay, oo madaxda mucaaradka waxay tageen xagga taariikhda hoos magaca King Peter IV iyo co-taliye Ivan asen I. waxay ku abuureen boqortooyada Second Bulgarian socday ilaa 1422 iyo in si la mid ah sidii hore oo kale, ka dib markii iska caabin dheer hoos ciribtir ee soo duulay ay burburtay. Markan uu joojiyo in madaxbannaanida Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda.

Country ee dhibaatada

History of boqortooyada Bulgarian muddada this calaamadeeyay aafadaas taariikhi ah ku dhacay dad badan oo ka mid ah xiliyo - duulaankii qabiilooyinka Mongol reer guuraaga ah. oo musiiba ah Tani dhacay dalka, marka, dhimashada King Peter IV iyo walaalkiis ka dib, waxay ahayd in xoogga taliyayaashii mid daciif ah oo aan xirfad lahayn, kaas oo sababay khasaare ah oo saamayn ku Balkans. Sidaas darteed, waqti dheer, Bulgaria ayaa lagu qasbay inay bixiyaan cashuur Horde ah.

Her haysata oo itaaldarrada muuqata ma ay gaabis ah in ay ka faa'idaystaan oo deriska la ahaa, kuwaas oo qayb ka mid ah dhulalka ay hore tirsan boqortooyada Bulgarian qabtay. Sidaas darteed, dadka Makedoniya iyo North Thrace mar kale u dhaqaaqay Byzantium, halka Belgrade badisay Hungary ee. Tartiib tartiib la lumay iyo Wallachia. State ilaa xad ah laga badiyay awoodeeda hore, in hal mar ina khan Tataarka Nagoya uu boqorka ahaa.

dhamaadka madaxbanaanida iyo bilowgii harqoodka Turkish

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo maleegay dayrta ugu dambeeya ee gobolka mar-awood noqday Turkiga Cismaaniyadda, kuwaas oo bilaabay qarnigii XIV in ay sameeyaan weeraro ba'an ku Peninsula Balkan ah, inta lagu jiro mid ka mid ah oo caasimadda ah ee boqortooyada Bulgarian ayaa lagu boobay ee mudadaas - magaalada Tyrnov, si buuxda gacanta ugu soo duulay ku maray in 1393.

Mid ka mid ah sababaha guuldarada boqortooyada Bulgarian noqday isku day lagu guulaysan in ay sameeyaan isbahaysi la dalalka deriska ah, sidoo kale waa halis ee qabsaday. Gaar ahaan tallaabooyinka firfircoon noqdaan Turkiga ka dib markii uu in 1371 dhintay Bulgaria Korol Ivan Alexander IV, kuwaas oo maamula si ay u ilaaliyaan xiriirka nabad ah iyaga la.

Natiijada waxa ay aheyd murugo: taxane ah oo guul darro, kuwaas oo bilaabay in 1371 la guuldaradii ee Battle of Maritsa River oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu israac ah guul on Jasiiradda Balkan Suldaan Bayezid aan, keentay in khasaaraha ka mid ah gobolka Bulgarian madaxbanaanida siyaasadeed ee shanta qarniyo dheer, ayaa taariikhda muddada xeerka Turkish noqday.

Abuur Boqortooyada ee la soo dhaafay Bulgarian

Kingdom of Bulgaria waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1908 ay sabab u tahay ku dhawaaqidda madaxbanaanida ee gobolka ka aad u wiiqay by waqtiga Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Ka faa'iidaysanaya dhibaatada, Bulgarian ah u suurtagashay in ay iska dhigno harqoodka of qarniyo jir ah oo calan kor u ah Boqortooyada dastuurka madax banaan, madaxa oo istaagay I. Korol Ferdinand Mid ka mid ah uu falal siyaasadeed kowaad wuxuu ahaa qabsashada iyo u hogaansanaanta Bulgaria Kingdom East Romania waxaa gobolka ilaa haatan goboleedka Turkish.

soohdinta reer Bulgaria ayaa isbedelo muhiim ah inta lagu jiro labada dagaalladii Balkan raacay mid ka dib markii kale inta lagu jiro muddada u dhaxaysa 1912 in 1913. Sidaas darteed, marka hore ka mid ah kaas oo Ferdinand ayaan awooday inuu ka soo kabsado iyo lifaaq dhul badan oo ka mid ah Gobolka Thrace, iyo sidoo kale ku siin outlet ah Badda Aegean ka. In guusha ciidamada labaad ayaa bedelay Bulgarian ah, iyo qaar ka mid ah dhulalka horay u qabsadeen waa out of control ay.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Bulgaria ka mid ah dalalka of Entente ahaa, iyo sidaas nafteeda ay cabeen gacan geliyey danaha dunida Slavic. Sababtu waxa ay ahayd doonaya Ferdinand aan, iyadoo la isticmaalayo isbahaysi la Germany, Austria-Hungary iyo cadowga la soo dhaafay - Turkey, ku lifaaqan State si ay dalkoodii damcay Macedonia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, u quudhin this dhamaaday guuldarro millatari ee Bulgaria iyo ka gaabin qasbay.

ka qaybgalka dalka ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo dhamaadka boqortooyada

World War II Bulgaria bilaabay bixinta iskaa wax u qabso ah dhulkeeda inay marti ciidamada Jarmal. Taasi waxaa xigay ay goysiga si isbahaysiga ciidamada Germany, Italy iyo Japan. Natiijada hawlgalada ciidamada wadajirka dalalka Bulgaria hantiyeen xeebaha Aegean badan, oo ay ka mid qayb ka mid ah dhulka of Western Thrace iyo Fardar Macedonia.

In taariikhda dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka waxay noqotay bogga Dulleeya cabsi, u dhigantaa in xasuuq, ciidamada shaqo Bulgarian aan duubnayn magaalada Greek ee Drama, intooda badan, kuwaas oo dadka waddanka u soo guurey waxay ahaayeen Turkish. Isla mar ahaantaana in 1941 gayiga kooxaha iska-caabbinta caan Bulgaria ayaa firfircoon, kuwaas oo la diriray naasiga ah. qabanqaabiyeyaasha iyo madaxda ay ahaayeen xubno ka tirsan, kaas oo markaas ku jiray dhulka hoostiisa ee xisbiga shuuciga Bulgarian. By falalka ay ku, ay kaalin muhim ah u daciifaan oo ka mid ah ciidamada of Reich Saddexaad.

Baaq ay rasmiga ah ee dagaalka, dawladda Bulgaria iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti ka aamusay colaad ma ay qaadan. Xataa marka, in September 1944, Stalin dagaal iyaga on, waxaa ma keenaan ciidanka Bulgarian, taas oo laga tiriyey oo wakhtigaas nus milyan qof oo iska caabin ah oo firfircoon. Ka qarxay horraantii September kacdoonkii anti-faashistihii, by the "Fatherland Front" abaabulan, dhamaatay xukunka dawladda pro-Jarmal, oo sababtay in dawladda cusub ku dhawaaqay goysiga ah ee Bulgaria u isbahaysiga anti-Hitler.

Boqortooyada ee Bulgaria dayn inay jiraan September 8, 1946. Wuxuu aamusnaan iyo xanuun lahayn siiyey si ay Jamhuuriyadda kaas oo u codeeyay in afti inta badan dadka.