Diyaarinta phenol: Siyaabaha ugu badan

Phenol waa qaab midab adag crystal leh ur aad u gaarka ah. walax Tan waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee formaldehyde kala duwan, balaastigga iyo macdantaa dardaro kala duwan (inta badan nylon). Ka hor inta horumarinta warshadaha kiimikada ee wax soo saarka ee phenol lagu qaaday gaar ah ka daamur dhuxusha. Dabcan, habkan ayaa aan awoodin in ay daboolaan dhamaan baahida warshadaha a bullaalaya phenol, kaas oo hadda noqdeen qayb muhiim ah oo ku dhowaad dhammaan waxyaabaha nagu wareegsan.

Phenol, diyaarinta taas oo uu noqday lagama maarmaan ay sabab u tahay dhalashada kala duwan mid aad u balaadhan oo ah qalabka iyo walxaha qayb muhiim ah oo cusub kaas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee cusbi phenol-formaldehyde. Oo waxay ku tidhi, markeeda, waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka phenolics. Sidoo kale, xaddi weyn oo phenol waxaa beddelay cyclohexanol looga baahan yahay soo saarida macdantaa dardaro ee heer warshadeed.

Dhinac kale oo muhiim ah ee codsiga of phenol ah la takooro kartaa cresol saarka isku dar ah, kaas oo uu ku dhexsameeysmo jirka cusbi kreozolformadelgidnuyu loo isticmaalo soo saarta hannaanka daawooyinka caafimaadka, antiseptics iyo antioksidant. Sidaa darteed, helitaanka phenol maanta u tiro badan waa hawl muhiim ah oo kiimikikada. Horeba horumariyo badan oo habab si loo soo saaro walax this tiro ku filan. Ha ka fikiro si aynu kuwa ugu muhiimsan.

Habka ugu da'da weyn oo la xaqiijiyay waa hab ka mid ah barafka alkali ah, taas oo ah waxa lagu gartaa isticmaalka sare ee sulfuric acid for sulfonation of benzene iyo dhamayta raacay by iyaga fusing benzolsulfonatrievuyu cusbo, kaas oo walax si toos ah iyo waxay u taagan tahay. diyaarinta phenol by koloriin benzene, raaceen by saponification chlorobenzene la hydroxide sodium faa'idaysato oo kaliya haddii ay dhacdo of tiro badan oo ah tamar raqiis ah looga baahan yahay wax soo saarka ee chlorine iyo dhamayta. The darrada ugu weyn ee farsamada this - baahida loo qabo in la abuuro kar sare (ma saddex boqol ka yar atmospheres) iyo shahaado aad u badan oo ah daxalka ee qalabka.

Habka A dheeraad ah oo casri ah si ay u bixiyaan phenol a by daatay ee hydroperoxide cumene. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamka qoondaynta of xarunta la doonayo waa arrin adag, tan iyo markii ay ku baaqday in pre-soo-saarka ee geedi socodka alkylation hydroperoxide of xal propylene benzene. Dheeraad ah, technology siinayaa qayilo ee keentay isku dar hawada isopropyl ah si ay u sameeyaan hydroperoxide ah. Sida arrin wanaagsan farsamadaa waxa la ogaadaa karaa barbar diyaarinta phenol arrin kale oo muhiim ah - acetone.

Waxa kale oo jira waa hab ka mid ah ka coking iyo cusbi carbonization qalabka shidaalka adag kala phenol. Habkani waxaa loo baahan yahay ma aha oo kaliya in ay soo saaraan phenol qiimo leh, laakiin sidoo kale si kor loogu qaado tayada wax soo saarka shidaalka kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah sifooyinka phenol waa lagu qayilo la soomo, taas oo horseedaysa in ay gabowga degdegsiimada iyo formation of saliid jajab dhoobo ah-sida dhexdeeda viscous.

Laakiin habka ugu casri ah iyo sheeko gaaro warshadaha kiimikada waa in la helo phenol ka benzene by qayilo tooska ah ee ay xabagta nitrus. Geedi socodka oo dhan waxaa lagu qabtaa nuclear-adiabatic gaar ah, kuna waari dhexdeeda Hannaan waa zeolite. xabagta bilowga nitrus soo saaray lagu qayilo of ammonia hawo ama go'doon ah adipic acid. More hufan, alaabta kooxda ay sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro ereygu. Technology Tani waxay awood u helaan phenol aadka saafiga ah content ugu yar tirada guud ee nijaasta ahaa.