"Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah" Bulgakov MA - dhagarta iyo content moral

MA Bulgakov bilaabay qoraal markii uu ahaa weli 15 sano - 17, malaha, haddii uu ma mid aad si fiican u qori, laakiin gudaha ku jiray in la yidhaahdo naftaada awoodaan: "Waxaan ahay qoraa ama qof." Sidaas waxaa ugu danbeyn ku dhacay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta u dhaxaysa qoraaga 17-sano jir ah oo si fiican u yaqaan classic suugaanta Ruush leedahay hal xarun dhexe - Kuliyadda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Kiev. MA Bulgakov waxaa tegey sababo dhaqaale - qaraabadiisa, dhakhaatiirta ay si fiican u kasbatay. Waxaa macquul ah inuu weli ma og tahay in daawada noqon doontaa a suugaanta isaga. Aan dhaqanka caafimaad ma noqon doono masterpiece hore - shaqeeya "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah."

MA Bulgakov - Anthropology

Dhammaan doorashada dalka ayaa yidhi: "Waan ku faraxsanahay," marka ay timaado "Master iyo Margarita". Arday kasta oo ay u aragto in uu waajib in la sheego in Balcad oo ku saabsan sayidkii - buug uu ugu jecel yahay. Qoraaga Soviet Caayan noqday hantida dadweynaha - naxdin ah. Laakiin taasi "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah" Bulgakov yihiin, Ilaah ugu mahad naqayaa, hortiisa dadkii badnaa ka qarsoon yihiin, oo ay ku raaxaystaan kuwa dhab ahaantii ka mahadinayaan tiraab ee Bulgakov.

Dhibaatooyinka All kuwa, gargaarka bexeen in novel ugu weyn ee Classics Soviet, ayaa durba la soo gudbiyey shuqulladiisii hore ee. MA Bulgakov sida nin Anthropology Soviet had iyo sifooyinka lahayn xiiso of dambe: Jaahil ah, jacaylka cajalad cas, way gariireen oo servility maamulka, joogitaanka waxaa ka mid ah, in kasta oo ay "image dhalaalaya" qudhmay "aadanaha, sidoo kale aadanaha" "strastishek" - jacaylka lacagtu, raaxaysata oo erya, oo la cabbo. All mowduuc "xanuun" Classics Ruush mustaqbalka ku bartey soo bandhigay in taxane ah oo sheekooyin gaagaaban, "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah."

Maxaa Hagidda?

Haddii aan ka hadlo ururinta sheekooyinka "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah", oo kooban oo ka mid ah hoos u description waa sheekooyin qayb dhab ah iyo qayb abuurtay la content ee qasabka ah moral. Waxay ku dhacay MA Bulgakov, markii uu ka shaqeeyay sidii dhakhtar guud ee tuulada Nikolskoye, gobolka Smolensk. Wuxuuna halkaas joogay wax ka sano ah.

"Shukumaan la diiqii"

Stories in ay yihiin qayb ka mid ah wareegga "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah" Bulgakov, furo kiiska gabadh yar, oo addimada qasdin dhamaaday ilaa Mälk. On hal lug hoos ku jilibka ah oo keliya "calal" tagay, halka ka kalena waxaa si xun u dhaawacay. Dhakhtarku waxa uu weli u hureen, uu hada soo gaaray xarunta waajib ku ah. In kastoo uu ku jira xaalad ah lama filaan ah, si deg deg ah go'aansado inuu ilmeenaysa lugta, kaas oo yaraa. Muddo ka dib (laba bilood) gabar mahadnaq tuwaal la diiqii keenaa.

"Baabtiisku by jeestay"

kiiska kale oo dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah waa marka si ay ugu soo Haweenay dhalmada, iyo iyada oo midho ma heshay sidii ku habboonayd. At dhakhtarka mar argagixin, ayuu gobays inay akhriyaan qaar ka mid ah buugaagta caafimaadka, buugaag, aan awoodin in ay wax lagama maarmaan ah oo waxtar leh in la helo, iyaga flings xafiiska geeska iyo barto ka umulisooyinka. In dhamaadka, si guul leh u qabata howlgal lagu rido ilmaha caloosha ku. Markaasaa, kaliya marka ay u talin jiray, halka a ka dib markii uu ka soo gaaray kitaabkii jiifa ee geeska of qolka, oo waxay bilaabeen inay wax akhriyaan, waxa ay u muuqataa in ay jiraan dad badan oo muhiim ah oo loo baahan yahay in xaqiiqda. Waxaa laga yaabaa in xiisaha badnaa "wax" wareegga of sheekooyinka "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah" Bulgakov.

"Cunaha Steel ee"

In this story, qoraaga hoos dab helo tuulada qoris la'aanta, oo aan waqti dheer in la sameeyo gabadha dhakhtar xanuunsan diphtheria, tracheotomy ah. Markaasaa dadkii aad ugu maleeyeen in dhakhtarku - saaxir ah, iyo halkii uu ku riday gabar ka mid ah iyada steel cunaha.

"Bilizar"

On dhacdo nasiib-darro ah, qof dumar ah, iyada oo madaxa ku dhuftay, ay bilowday dhiig, kiciyey dhakhtarka dhallinyarada ahaa oo kaliya jiifsan, ayaa sheegay in aanay u adkaysan karin oo aan. Waxa uu qalabeeyay gawadhi, gaadhay guriga buka, laakiin in uu badbaadiyo waxa ay ku guuldareysteen. Markaas, iyada oo aan shakigooda labaad, wuxuu ku socday jidkii ka soo horjeeda, laakiin duufaanka iska xaadirin ... meel sheekada u hibeeyeen ilaa ay halganka ka dhanka canaasiirta, laakiin dabadeed dhakhtarka weli guriga.

"Gudcur dalka Masar"

Xuddunta ah goob ay sheekada mar kale ku saabsan Jaahil ah aadanaha. Maalinta dhalashada Dr. Miller waxaa isagii u yimid, sida ay u soo baxay, la buka cudurka duumada. Dhakhtarku wuxuu kuu qoray quinine ah, Miller ah, kuma jirto diiniga ah daaweynta, weelna mar 10 kartoon kasta oo si fiican ugu dhakhsaha badan u hesho. Isaga oo si dirqi ah ku badbaadi. Funny iyo naxdin leh waqti isku mid ah xaqiiqada ah in asxaabteena dhakhtar miiska dabaaldeg ku dooday in dhammaan dadka tuuladu ma aha wax baran, jaahiliinna ah.

Horyaalka sheekada ayaa sheegay in ay jiraan Jaahoodu waxba ka badan Jaahil ah aadanaha, iyo xataa "gudcur dalka Masar" oo aan la barbar dhigi karaa.

"La'yahay Eye"

In this story, wareegga "Notes of a dhakhtarka dhallinyarada" dhakhtarkaaga Bulgakov horeysay jecel yahay casharro laga bartay iyo haddii kale Yeela hawada, laakiin markaas ka sara Yeela meeshiisii. Doctor yimaado guud ahaan bukaan la formation qalaad ee isha, si loo ogaado in ay ma guulaysan. Oo markaas lamaro (iyo waxa uu ahaa) laftiisa waa la ciribtiray. Iyo dhakhtar dhallinyarada nidar siinayo waligood ka dheregno ay weynaanta u gaar ah iyo-awaalka "khibrad leh". Dhab ahaantii, waa tani waa macnaha ugu weyn ee moral sheekada.

"Finan Starry"

Sheekada la soo dhaafay ka soo wareegga mar kale ka go'an in ay theme bukaanka Jaahil ah. Si dhakhtarku ninkii, kuwaas oo u yimid "uu cunaha hoos u dhigay." Waxa uu cudurka waraabowga, oo wuxuu u maleeyey in ay ahayd kaftan iyo in uu leeyahay hargabka caadiga ah. Faraxsanayn dhakhtarka, waxaa iska tagaa. Markaas yimaado naagtii, oo oohin ku yidhi, in ninkeeda uu ahaa in warqaddii u sheegay cudurka daran. Waxaa baaro iyo waxba dhamaadka laakiin kama ay helin. Waxaa soo baxday in meelahaas waa baahsan syphilitic "cudurkii" dhabta ah. Qaar badan, badan ku xanuunsado ka, laakiin in kasta oo uusan rabin in la daaweeyaa. Shaqadan waxaa loo caleemo saaray "Notes of dhakhtar dhalinyaro ah"

Waayo, kii uu soo qoray "Notes ..."?

Jawaabtu waa cadahay oo dhan. Waa in loo akhriyo loogu talogalay bukaanka iyo dhakhaatiirta labada. First, si aan loo dayicin daaweynta, iyo xusa labaad ee Furuujtooda dabiiciga ah, kaas oo waa in ay leedahay dhakhtar, haddii uu doonayo in ay noqdaan heer sare xirfadle. Oo sheekooyin of Bulgakov ee u xiiso badan sababtoo ah waxay, sii line Gogol suugaanta ku, tus sida loo beddelo Ruush qof qaran ee xaaladaha dhabta ah Soviet.