Deciphering RSDLP ah. Social Democratic Labor Party Ruush

Xisbiga, gelinaya hawsha la xorayn, proletariat ka miirashada by fasalada dulinka, dhaqan ahaan dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ee la odhan jiray Sooshal dimuqraadiga. Waxaa intaa dheer, sal fikradeed ee Marxism jiifay ururada ee garabka kacaan. Deciphering "RSDLP" waxaa ka mid formula sotsdekovskuyu, laakiin in muddada hore ee dhinaca horumarinta madal xisbiga kale oo badan kala duwan dhaqanka Marxism ahaa. Waxaa loo oggol yahay in ay wadaan in tiro balaadhan oo ah noocyada sharci iyo sharci ah ee halganka argagixisada. In this waxaa jiray qaladaad, iyo mudnaanta yar oo Ruush Xisbiga Sooshal dimuqraadiga.

RSDLP Abuuritaanka

Dhamaadkii 1895 waxaa la abuuray "Midowga Halganka loogu talagalay xoraynta xoogsatada", taas oo ah urur ka mid ah kooxaha Markis si uu isugu dubarido shaqadooda. kaliya seddex ka dib markii sano ku salaysan urur oo intaasu waxay ahayd in ay ka shaqeeyaan barnaamijka caadiga ah ee xisbiga oo sheegi dhacdo ee xisbiga hal awoodaan. Aasaasayaasha RSDLP bilaabay Midowga Halganka "sagaal ergooyinka ka St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev iyo wakiillo ka Bund ah (Yuhuudda Midowga Labor). Oo waxaa dhacday in bilowgii ay dhacdo in Minsk ee March 1898.

Isla mar ahaantaana, oo waxaa jiray magac. Deciphering "RSDLP", shan warqado, si cad u hadlay oo ku saabsan nooca kacaan ururka, ka-Sooshal dimuqraadiga in lahjadda siyaasiyiinta ayaa dhigmin xagjirka Marxism.

"Iskra" iyo kala ugu horeysay dillaac

Waxay qaadatay laba sano oo kale, oo xisbiga ka bixiyaan caddayn inay talaabo u dhaqaaqay. Dhamaadkii 1900 ayuu baahiyay cadadkii ugu horreeyey ee wargeyska "Iskra" ah, edited by Lenin (Ulyanovym V. I.), oo ay taageerayaan Plekhanov, Chaposhinkov, Zasulich, Axelrod iyo Potresov. In koorsada of xubin this ayaa shaaca ka qaaday is burinaya oo halis ah in hab in hababka halganka fasalka soo socda. nuxurka khilaafka ahaa ee la xiriirta halganka sharci iyo tanaasul lahaa in ay geedi socodka tag, iyo sidoo kale anshaxa. Saaxiibo ku dooday, mararka qaarkood xabeeb, si ay hooseeyaha caadi ah soo gaadhi kari waayeen, kala ka aloosnayd, iyo bilaabaha ahaa Vladimir Ulyanov, halka weli arrin dhallinyarada (soddon sannadood) nin la gadhka ah Finensej iyo olol indhaha. Waxa uu ku adkeystay on degdeg ah, markii la afgembiyey kacaan aasaaskii "dunida jir ah" oo miyir ku dooday nin Plekhanov hore, awowe of Ruush Marxism.

Split iyo muuqaalka Bolshevism

Social Democratic Labor Party Ruush toddoba sannadood buu halkaas, isagoo sita iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan nooc ka mid ah bilowgii kol, Plekhanov, Lenin. Laakiin waxba weligeedba way raagtaa. Wada hadalka iyo dooda kaliya sii colaadda, iyaga nidaaam, iyo II Congress ee su'aasha la abbaaro saaray, kuwaas oo ka dhigi doonaa kacaanka, wakiilada bourgeoisie ama proletariat ah? Yaa ka dib markii fasalka is jiidjiidka ahaan doontaa?

Lenin iyo taageerayaashiisa u codeeyay talisnimada ee fasalka shaqada, iyo ku guuleystay aqlabiyad. Sidaas darteed, Ururka xisbiga waxaa loo kala qaybiyey, kala, decrypt RSDLP ayaa isku hadhay, laakiin waxay ku xiran tahay xubin ka mid ka mid ah labada kooxood waxaa kaabaya gaabiyay bukovkoy "b" ama "m" in qaansada ku wareega. Kuwa II Congress ka codeeyay lahelso ku proletarian, wuxuu noqday Bolsheviks iyo taageerayaasha Plekhanov ee - on lid ku ah, Mensheviks ah.

barnaamijka ugu yaraan iyo ugu badnaan barnaamijka - labada qaybood ee Marxism Ruush

Kuwani arrimaha urur ma joojin in ay qaataan barnaamijka guud, oo ka kooban laba qaybood (ugu yaraan iyo ugu badnaan). Ugu yaraan, ku ogolaaday in sotsdeki Ruush, waa u baabba 'si monarchist-mulkiilaha, kacaanka ganacsade ah, qaybinta dalka si yaroow (lacag la'aan) iyo bixinta shaqeeya sideed saac maalin ka shaqeeya. Oo mustaqbalka loomed isbadal aad u balaaran in koorsada oo proletarian la moodayay in ay kaligii taliye ah. Tani waa ugu badnaan, taas oo loo xisaabiyaa by Bolsheviks ah. Dheeraad ah horumarka bulshada fikirka aan ahaa in qorshahooda.

Toddobaad Congress - Rubicon

kala dhammeeyey dhexeeya Bolsheviks iyo Mensheviks saddexaad, heshiisyada afaraad iyo shanaad RSDRP. Bolsheviks Mensheviks The gebi ahaanba laga saaray hoggaanka xisbiga ee 1907. Halkaa marka ay marayso, waxay ahaayeen dishibiliin, midaysan, iyo xulka aad u firfircoon, isagoo, gaar ahaan, iyo garabka military, awood ay ku fuliyaan hawlahooda dhulka hoostiisa oo leh habka of dacaayad. The hantida sida Mensheviks aan ku faani karo, taas oo uu ka dib ka bixisay.

Sotsdeki iyo dagaal

Xisbiga RSDLP ka badbaaday isku dhac kale oo gudaha ah bilowga ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Wakhtigan, "ayuu safka hore" shuruud ahayd adag, ayay la wadaago Bolsheviks galay saddex kooxood oo waaweyn: ku internationalists, pacifists iyo waddaniyiin. Si aad u doodo guuldaradii ka mid ah dalka, iyo in xaqiiqda ah, noqon tage, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay leeyihiin tayo shakhsi gaar ah, ma aha qof kasta kara. Halkan Plekhanov gudbaan line iyo guuldareystay. Lenin u helay.

Xisbiga shaqaalaha Social Democratic-halka Ruush ah waxaa loogu yeedhi karaa oo kaliya ku salaysan dhul. dabi Bolshevik sameeyay dadaal weyn si uu uga dhaadhiciyo askartii in ha la diririna, waayo, dalkooda, iyo in fraternize la cadowga lagama maarmaan ah, ku dilay dalkooda. Kadis ah oo kaliya debecsanaanta ka muujiyay "taliskii Saarka ku daatay" dhinaca noqonin Khaa'in u qabtay. Dhab ahaantii, qaddar ee dalka of Lenin iyo jaalayaashooda ahaayeen xiiso ku filan, waxay amaanay kacaanka dunida, taas oo u muuqatay in ay u dhow ahaan, laakiin dhab ahaantii marnaba ka dhacay.

Maxaad RCP ah (B) wuxuu ahaa VKP ah (b)

Ka dib markii talada dalkaasi uu qabsaday 1917, Bolsheviks ku lahaa khilaaf halis ah dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada-dimuqraadi ah, kuwaas oo wakiilo ka yihiin views yar xagjirka qabtay dalal badan, oo muujinaya "adkayn". booska uu ka Bulshada Jarmal, Faransiis iyo kuwa kale ee xisbiga Yurub ayaa sheegay inuu doonayo in ay isticmaalaan hab sharci ah, xaaladaha khatarta ah, iyaga isku shaqada dhulka hoostiisa, lana dooni guul iyada oo kor u qaadida wakiiladooda in meydadka awood marayo doorashooyinka. Jidka Tani ma aha dhergiyey Leninists ah, waxay fahamsan yahay in ay dhacdo dadka suurtagalnimada of doonista xorta ah, waxay noqon lahaa lagama yaabo inay u yimaadaan si xoog, maxaa yeelay, oo sameeyey inqilaab, dumin ee Dawladda Ku-meelgaarka ah (dhab ahaantii aad u of ay dardargelinta waa aan macquul ahayn, sababtoo ah waxaa la abuuray waqti ka hor doorashada).

Deciphering RSDLP joogsatay si ay u muujiyaan nuxurka ee xisbiga, iyo in aan la qaldin ururada kale, ee 1918, ka bedelayaan dhacday CPSU ah (All-Midowga shuuciga xisbiga) la bukovkoy ka maarmaan (b) marka uu dhamaado in wax shaki ah mid ku silcayaa. The gaabiyey warqad ugu horraysay ilaa 1925 macnaheedu yahay "All-Ruush", oo ka dib markii formation of xisbiga USSR All-Midowga noqday. Noocan oo kale ah waxaa ku sugnaa ilaa 1952, taasoo ku calaamadsan bilawga ah baaluq hantiwadaagga Stalin. Sanadkan marti Congress XIX ah, kaas oo CPSU ah (b) waxaa magacooda loo baxshay xisbiga shuuciga ah, mar hore oo aan waraaqaha yar yar ee ku dhxe. Waxa uu ahaa magaca ugu dambeeya ee xisbiga iyo Lennin oo ah.