Covalent bond

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay fikrad sida farmashiye bond covalent sida la hadlay ka dib markii furitaanka Gilbert Newton Lewis, kuwaas oo tilmaamay bond sida bulsheed oo ka mid ah laba electrons. Baaritaanadii u danbeeyay More ayaa isku tilmaamay mabda'a bond covalent. Eraygii yaabaa in loo tixgeliyo chemistry covalent sida awoodda ka qayb eb ah si ay u sameeyaan bonds la atamka kale.

Halkan waxaa ku qoran tusaale:

Waxaa jira laba atamka kala duwan oo yar yar ee electronegativity (C iyo Champions League, C iyo H). Sida caadiga ah, this atamka, qaab dhismeedka of qolof electron ah kaas oo qaab ahaan sida ugu dhow ee suurto gal ah in qolof electron oo ka mid ah gaasaska inert ah.

Marka xaaladaha dhacaan nuclei jiidashada ka mid ah atamka si ay labada nin electron ah, caadi ah u yeeshaa. Xaaladdan oo kale, iyo daruuraha electron ku aadan kaliya ma daboolaa, sida in lagala kulmo Madbacada qaranka. Covalent bond bixisaa xidhiidh amaan ah oo ka mid ah laba atamka by xaqiiqada ah in mugga electron la qaybiyaa iyo tamarta ee nidaamka waa la beddelay, oo ka dhalata "feedhuhu" in meel bannaan oo internuclear mid daruur electron eb kale. The noqnoqashada more ballaaran labada dhinac daruuraha electron ah, xidhiidhka ka waxaa loo arkaa inay more raagaya.

Sidaa awgeed, bond covalent - waa waxbarasho, kuwaas oo ka kacay iyada oo bulsheed ee ay labada dhinac laba electrons ay leeyihiin laba atamka.

Sida caadiga ah, walxaha la daaqaddii kelli waxaa la aasaasay by bond covalent ah. Sifo qaab-dhismeedka kelli waxaa barafka iyo kulayl marka heerkulku hooseeyo, milmi saboolka ah iyo biyo conductivity korontada ku yar yahay. Sidaa awgeed waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in qaab-dhismeedka salaysan xubno sida germanium, Silicon, chlorine, hydrogen, ka - bond covalent ah.

Guryaha in ay yihiin caadiga ah ee noocan ah ee xarunta;

1. Damaysay. Under hantida this waxaa sida caadiga ah la fahamsan yahay sida tirada ugu badan ee xiriir in ay adkayn kartaa atamka gaar ah. Waxaa la go'aamiyey by xaddiga tirada guud ee orbitals kuwa atamka in laga qayb galin karaa in formation of bonds kiimikada. valency The eb ah, dhanka kale, waxaa laga yaabaa in la go'aamiyo tirada horay loo isticmaalo orbitals Ujeedada this.
2. Orientation. All atamka ugu muuqdaan in ay u sameeyaan bond ugu xoogan. xoog badnaan waxaa lagu gaarayaa in ay dhacdo kadis ah orientation ka da'ayeen daruuraha electron oo ka mid ah laba atamka ka, sida ay midba midka kale daboolaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa hantida bond covalent sida orientation saamaysaa qorshaha aan ollogga ah ee u taagoo ee arrinta organic, in mas'uul ka yahay ay "qaab joomatari".
3. Polarizability. In booska ku salaysan fikrada ah in uu jiro xirid covalent ah laba nooc oo ah:

• kala horjeeda ama non-symmetrical. Isgaarsiinta ee noocan oo kale ah waxay sameyn karaan atamka keliya ee noocyada kala duwan, i.e. kuwa electronegativity kala duwan yihiin, ama in kiisaska guud ahaan labada ciyaaryahan electron ku asymmetrically kala qaybsan.
• bond covalent nonpolar dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa atamka carbon, electronegativity ah kuwaas oo ficil ahaan waa loo siman yahay, iyo qaybinta cufnaanta electron ahaa uniform.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira sifooyin tiro gaar ah oo bond covalent:

• tamar ku qabanaya. Halbeegga Tani waxay calaamad xiriirka kala horjeeda marka la eego xoog. Under tamarta yar waxaa loogu tala xaddiga kulaylka in loo baahan yahay in ay jebiyaan xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya laba atamka, iyo sidoo kale lacagta kulaylka ayaa loo qoondeeyay ee isgoyska.
• Under bond dhererka iyo kimistari kelli loola jeedaa dhererka xadka u dhaxeeya nuclei ka mid ah labada atamka. Halbeegga Tani waxay calaamad u xoog bond sidoo kale.
• daqiiqad Dipole The - tiro taas oo calaamad u polarity ee bond valence ah.