Cooper, James Fenimore: Biography kooban, buugaag

Kuper Dzheyms Fenimor - yaqaan qoraaga American, author of 33 tixaha. Habka uu isku daro xubno ka nasjonalromantiske iyo aragti. Waayo, shaqo waqti dheer Cooper, waa shakhsiyaynta suugaanta ee u quudhin American. Dabcan, ka hor inta uu u qoray shuqulladaada oo kale. Laakiin Fenimore wuxuu ahaa qoraa ugu horeysay, dhagaystayaasha amaano Yurub. tixaha uu qayb ka mid ah wareegga ah ee danaha tirada ugu badan ee carruurta ay noqdaan. Maqaalkani waa mid Biography kooban oo ku saabsan qoraaga, oo qeexaya in ay wax soo saarka ee muhiimka ah.

carruurnimada

Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper waxa uu ku dhashay 1789 in Burlington (New Jersey). Wiil ee aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa nin oday ah oo waaweyn. Childhood qoraaga mustaqbalka lagu qabtay tuulada Cooperstown ku taalaa gobolka ee New York, oo badda. Waxaa loo magacaabay in sharaf of James 'aabbihiis. Dabcan, asalka ah ee ka tagay qorid ah on formation of views siyaasadeed, geesiga of this article. Fenimore doorbiday jidka nolosha "mudane miyiga" oo ku hadhay taageere ka mid ah xaafadaha waaweyn. A dib u habaynta dalka dimuqraadi ah lala keliya demagoguery baahsan iyo acquisitiveness ganacsade.

Studies oo marti

Kuper Dzheyms Fenimor, marka hore waxaa la bartay dugsiga hoose, ka dibna ka qeyb galay Yale College. Ka dib markii qalin ninkii dhallinyarada lahaa rabitaan jirin in ay sii wadaan waxbarashada uu. Todoba iyo toban sano jir ah James wuxuu noqday badmaaxa a on baayacmushtari, oo mar dambe Navy ah. Qoraaga mustaqbalka gudbay Badweynta Atlaantik, safray badan. Fenimore sidoo kale uu bartay Harooyinka Waaweyn, kaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan fur doonaa shuqullo saamaynteeda. Sanadihii kuwa, uu u ururay badan oo wax ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan suugaanta kala duwan ee waayo-aragnimada nolosha.

xirfadiisa Hore

In 1810, ka dib markii aaska aabbihiis, Kuper Dzheyms Fenimor guursaday oo lagu dejiyaa qoyskiisa ee magaalo yar oo Skarsdeyle. Toban sano ka dib, ayuu qoray sheeko ugu horeysay loo yaqaan "taxaddar". Later, James yeeri, shaqada uu abuuray "on bet ah." Fenimore naagtiisu waxay ahayd jeclaan of novel Ingiriisi ah. Sidaa darteed, geesiga of this article kaftamay-poluserozno bilaabay qoray buug noocan oo kale ah.

"Spy"

War of Independence - taasi theme ah, taas oo ah mid aad u xiiso waqtiga Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Spy", u qoran by ee 1821, waxaa gebi ahaanba u huray in arrintan. novel Patriotic, qoraaga ayaa keenay ammaan weyn. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in shuqulkan Cooper buuxiyo booska suugaanta qaranka, waxayna muujiyeen tilmaamaha ay u tahay horumarka mustaqbalka. Laga soo bilaabo in on Fenimore waxaan go'aansaday in uu naftiisa uga sooco, si ay shuqulka suugaanta. Lixdii sano ee soo socota, uu ku qoran tixaha dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan saddex shuqullada ka mid ahaa in mustaqbalka Pentalog Hase yeshee, Leather ah. Laakiin waxaan ka hadli doonaa iyaga oo ku saabsan si gooni gooni ah.

Europe

In 1826, Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, kuwaas oo buugaag ayaa ku caan ah, u baxay inuu Europe. waqti dheer in Italy iyo France wuxuu ku noolaa. Sidoo kale qoraa oo ah ayaa u safray dalalka kale. khibrada cusub ku qasbay inuu ka soo leexdo in taariikhda labada Hore iyo World New. In Europe, geesiga of this article qoray laba sheeko nautical ( "Badda saaxirad", "Red Corsair") iyo gebogebada ah ee qarniyadii dhexe ( "askari The", "Geydenmauer", "Bravo").

Ku noqo America

Toddoba sano ka dib, Kuper Dzheyms Fenimor guriga yimid. Intii uu maqnaa, America ayaa wax badan ka bedelay. Markii ugu geesinimada ah ee kacaanka waa la soo dhaafay, iyo mabaadi'da Declaration of Independence la illoobay. Maraykanka gudihiisa waxaa bilaabay muddada kacaankii warshadaha, oo baabbi'iyeen haraadiga patriarchy in xiriirka aadanaha iyo nolosha. "The madoobaad weyn moral" - si loogu magac daray cudurka Cooper, daalaeday bulshada American. MUDNAANTA xiiso sare iyo dadkii ku noqday lacagta.

Racfaanka muwaadiniinta walaalahooda

Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, kuwaas oo buugaagta lagu yaqaan meel ka durugsan soohdimaha America, go'aansadeen in ay isku dayaan in ay "ka hadlaan qaar ka mid dareen" muwaadiniinta walaalahooda. Waxa uu weli aaminsan yahay in faa'iidooyinka nidaamka bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee dalkooda, ka fiirsaneysa inay saamaynta xun maqaar saar, dhalanrog dibadda ee hore caafimaad oo macquul ah ku salaysan. Oo Fenimore "qaranka Waraaqaha." Sii daayay In iyaga, ayuu kor u yeedhay si ay ula dagaallamaan la "margado" doonaa.

Laakiin guusha ma aha dhamaadka. On lid ku ah, James dhuftay badan oo caytamaya qarsoodi iyo nacayb furan. Bourgeois America ayaa ka tagay oo uu call joogin. Waxay ku eedeeyay iskibrin Fenimore, quarrelsomeness, la'aanta wadaninimo iyo la'aanta tayo suugaanta. Ka dib markii in, qoraaga fariistay si Cooperstown. Waxaa uu sii waday si ay u abuuraan shuqullada saxaafadeed iyo tixaha.

Muddada la soo dhaafay ee hal-abuurka

Muddadan waqti Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, shuqullada complete kuwaas oo hadda ku jira ku dhawaad maktabad kasta, ku dhameysatay labada tixaha ugu danbeysay Pentalog Hase yeshee, Leather ah ( "Deerslayer", "Pathfinder"). In 1835 wuxuu daabacay sheeko "Monokines" garneel ku saabsan kooxaha sheydaamiinta ee nidaamka dhaqan-siyaasadeed ee qaawan ee Maraykanka iyo England. In buugga, ay soo minguuriyey hoos magacyada Nizkoprygiya iyo Vysokoprygiya. Sidoo kale xusid mudan oo uu Forbrydelsen ku saabsan kirada dhulka ( "sahmiyaha", "farta Devil ee", "Redskins"), la daabacay afartameeyaha ah. Shuruudaha fikirka iyo farshaxanka ee la soo dhaafay ka shaqeeya Cooper waa mid aad u sinnayn. Waxa intaa dheer in dadka dhaleeceynaya bulshada ganacsade, waxay ka kooban qaybaha waxbaa la muxaafidka ah, la siiyo akhristayaasha aragtida been ah "of aristocracy ee degay." Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, qoraaga ayaa had iyo jeer loo hoggaansamo booska muhiimka ah anti-ganacsade.

Pentalog Leatherstocking Hase yeshee,

Tani taxane buugaag waa guul ugu sareeya ee hal-abuurka Cooper. Waxaa ka mid ahaa shan tixaha: "Horseedka The", "Prairie," "The Last of Mohicans ah," "Deerslayer" iyo "Pathfinder". ayay wax walba ka mideysan yihiin jidkii ninkii la odhan jiray Nataniel Bampo. Isagu waa duurgal ah kuwaas oo uu leeyahay naanays badan: Carbine Long, Hase yeshee, Leather, Hawkeye, Pathfinder, St. John ee johannesört. Pentalog soo bandhigay Bumpo nolosha oo dhan - tan iyo yaraantiisii ilaa uu dhintay. Laakiin marxaladaha nolosha Nathaniel ma beego amarka tixaha qoraal. James Fenimore Cooper Works kaas oo ay leeyihiin dhammaan taageerayaasha ee uu shaqada, waxay bilaabeen inay nolosha Bumpo la da 'weyn. Epic sii sheekada qaangaarnimada jaakooyinka, ka dibna waxaa jiray da'da jir. Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya ka dib markii ay nasasho ah saddex iyo toban sano Cooper mar kale kor u qaaday sharabaadada story Leather oo ku tilmaamay in uu dhalinyarada. Hoos waxaan ku qor sheyga Pentalog waa in si mid ah koritaanka geesiga.

"Deerslayer"

Waxaa jaakooyinka Bumppo dirqi labaatan. wiilasha cadowgiisuna waa Hindida qabiilka Huron ah. iyaga Dagaalka, jaakooyinka la kulmay in ay waddo Chingachgook. Iyada oo ay taasi Mohicans Bumpo sameystaan saaxiibo iyo quudin doonaa xiriirka u ah nolosha. Xaaladda shaqada adag by xaqiiqada ah in Sokeeyaha cad jaakooyinka aan cadaalad ahayn oo aan naxariis lahayn in dadyowga shisheeye. Waxay ka cadhaysiinina dhiigga daadanaya iyo colaadda. quudhin The riwaayado - maxaabiis ahaan, baxsado, dagaalo, oo gaadmada - muuqanayo ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo ah nooca aad u qurux badan - xeebaha kaymaha ee birqayso u gudubno, iyo dusha muraayadda-sida ay.

"The Last of Mohicans ah"

Waxaa laga yaabaa in novel ugu caansan by James Fenimore. Halkan waa xaqiiqda biyo kama dhibcaan Bumpo hogaamiyaha Khayaamo Badan oo naxariisdarro ah Magua. Wuxuu afduubtay Alice iyo Cora - Gabdhaha reer Colonel Munro. Bumpo horseeday xulka yar oo u tegey maxaabiista oo lacag la'aan ah. Jaakooyinka waxaa sidoo kale ku weheliyay Chingachgook iyo wiilkiisii Uncas. Last jacayl la mid ka mid ah gabdhaha ay afduubteen (Cora), inkasta oo aan si gaar ah Cooper line this yeesho. Chingachgook ina waxaa lagu dilay dagaalka, isku dayaya inuu badbaadiyo uu la jecel yahay. novel wuxuu ku dhamaanayaa goobta aaska ee Cora iyo Uncas (ee la soo dhaafay Mohicans ah). Ka dib markii Chingachgook iyo jaakooyinka waxaa loo dirayaa safar cusub.

"Pathfinder"

dhagarta sheeko this waa dagaalka Anglo-French ee 1750-1760 sano. xubnihiisa ayaa isku dayaysa inay musuqmaasuq ama laaluushka si ay u soo jiitaan Hindida ee ay kooxda. Chingachgook iyo jaakooyinka dagaal on Lake Ontario, oo iyaga walaalahood caawiyaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Cooper afka Bumpo si adag u cambaareyneysaa dagaalka bilowday guumaystayaashii. Wuxu ku nuuxnuuxsaday, meaninglessness dhimashada ee dagaalka sida Hindida iyo caddaanka. shaqada badan ee khadadka lyric siiyey. Leather Hase yeshee, jacayl la Mabel Dunham. Waxay ka maqsuuday ah deeqsinimada iyo geesinimada ah indha indheynta ah, laakiin weli aado Jasper, ayaa ku dhow inay iyada qof oo da 'waa kan. Niyad, jaakooyinka baxo galbeed.

"Horseedka"

Tani waa sheeko ugu dhibaato, taas oo la qoray Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Horseedka" tilmaami sharabaadada Leather nolosha da'da toddobaatan. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, bararto aan laga badiyay feejignaan, oo intuu gacantiisii weli adag. Chingachgook oo dhan sida ugu dhow, oo kaliya baxay hogaamiyaha xoogga badan, iyo kuwa xigmadda leh, ayuu u soo jeestay galay nin sakhraan ah waynida jir. Labada characters waa in tuulada degay, halkaas oo qaynuunnada reer "ilbaxnimada" bulshada. Colaadda dhexe ee sheeko ka been in iska hor imaad qurxisay amarrada bulshada iyo sharciyada dabiiciga ah. Dhamaadka novel ah Chingachgook dhiman. Bumpo ka fog dejinta iyo qarinaya kaynta.

"Prairie"

qaybtii ugu danbaysay ee Pentalog, taas oo la qoray by Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Prairie" ayaa sheegay sheekada nolosha Nathaniel ee da 'weyn. Bumpo ka dhigay saaxiibo cusub. Laakiin hadda waxay u caawisaa ma shot si fiican-loogu talagalay, iyo waayo-aragnimo nolosha dheeraad ah, kartida si ay u fuliyaan on wada hadal hoggaamiye adag Indian iyo hoy ka musiibada. Jaakooyinka saaxiibada ka soo horjeeda qoyska Bush ee degayaasha iyo Sioux Hindida ah. Laakiin sheekada adventurous dhamaado si fiican - arooska a double. wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya waxaa lagu tilmaamay by goobta tiiraanyo iyo shir quduus ah daqiiqado ugu dambeeyey ee nolol iyo geeri Bumpo.

gunaanad

Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa lagu kor ku soo bandhigay, ka tagay Dhaxalka suugaaneed badan. Waxa uu ku qoray 33 buug, oo dhowr Muga of qoraal safarka, saxaafadda, cilmi taariikhi ah iyo qoraalo. Cooper ayaa door weyn ee horumarinta novel ah American, la yimaadaan qaar ka mid ah subgenres ay: lkn, khayaali garneel, bulshada iyo qoyska, badda, taariikhda. Waayo, shuqulladiisa oo wax qora ayaa lagu gartaa milicsiga ah Tacaddi dunida. Taasi waa waxa ay ka caawisay midoobidda ee tiro ka mid ah tixaha uu in wareegga: Forbrydelsen dilogy, Pentalog.

In uu shaqo Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper daboolay saddex mawduucyo muhiim ah: nolosha xuduudda, badda iyo dagaal madaxbanaanida. xulashada Tani waxa ay muujinaysaa salaysan jacayl uu habkan. bulshada American, marxad bakhayli, uu ka soo horjeedo xorriyadda xubno badda iyo askar geesinimo. Farqiga Tani iyo xaqiiqda ku haboon taataabtay waa ku saleysan fikrado design wax soo saarka Cooper farshaxanka.