Consort cokan, sifooyinka guud, isomers, guryaha kiimikada

Consort - fasalka ugu fudud ee walxaha organic, taagoo leeyihiin kaliya labo atamka ee xubno ka kiimikada - carbon iyo hydrogen. Of hydrocarbon kala duwan by hababka Avv kiimikada diyaariyey fasalada ugu xeryahooda organic.

Consort kala qaybsan yihiin laba Banii- - acyclic oo xilliile ah. By Consort acyclic, ama Consort dufanka leh ama Consort aliphatic, waxaa ka mid ah kooxaha soo socda: Consort cokan (alkanes), roodhida (alkenes, alkynes, dienes), terpenes acyclic. Kooxaha hydrocarbon xilliile wakiil cycloparaffins, goobaha iyo terpenes xilliile ah. Terpenes mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan shayga waxbarasho ee kimistari bioorganic.

Consort cokan (alkanes) - xarunta of carbon iyo hydrogen taagoo taas oo valency dhan hartay ka dib markii xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya atamka carbon waa bond hal, cokan atamka carbon ah hydrogen. All alkanes la oran karo waa sida homologues ama taagayo of methane. Haddii methane, taas oo uu leeyahay formula ah kelli ah CH4, gooyaan mid la eb hydrogen waxaa la aasaasay walxaha - CH3 xagjirka ah. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in Britain walax ah organic sida carbon badanaaba waa tetravalent, xiriir laba xag sida sababa muuqaalka kore ee wakiil labaad ee taxanaha ah homologous - ethane (C2H6). Haddii ethane ka mid ah la eb hydrogen, ethyl ah xagjirka ah waxaa la aasaasay, taas oo, ka dib markii lala xiriiriyay inay ku homolog saddexaad foomamka CH3 - propane.

Falanqaynta formula dhismaha propane, fududahay in la rakibo, in qaabka ay Britain ka kooban yahay laba nooc oo atamka carbon - hoose iyo kuwa sare. Mid kasta oo la eb carbon hoose ku xidhan tahay mid la eb carbon ah mid ka mid ah ay valency, iyo sare - laba valencies laba atamka carbon. Haddii ka eb ee carbon hoose ee propane hydrogen jaraa, propyl hoose sameeyey sare - propyl sare. Ku biirista bromide ku propyl hoose ama sare sababa formation of kala duwanaansho dhismaha ee homolog afraad. Laba xidhiidhada loo sameeyay - butane caadiga ah si toos ah iyo silsilad carboxylic isobutane jahaysteen silsilad carbon.

Consort cokan: Qaabkadhismeedka

Wakiilka A caadiga ah ee alkanes waa methane. formula kelli CH4. Waayo, taagoo of alkanes ah xidhiidhka caadiga ah li'idiisa. Britain ayaa la eb carbon methane foomamka afar bonds covalent sabab u ah saddex BTLLE iyo p-orbitals iyo mid kasta oo la eb hydrogen ah, - sabab u tahay s-orbitals.

Consort cokan: Magac iyo isomerism

Marka engegay baxay, formula ee dhismaha ka mid ah taxanaha homologous of C4H10 methane, butane tan iyo markii aan la kulmi arrin ku isomerism. Tusaale ahaan, caanaha kelli C4H10 kulmaan laba xeryahooda shaqsi S5N12 - saddex. Ka dibna, tirada isomers leh tirada atamka carbon ee Britain ee koror ah alkane. Tusaale ahaan, caanaha kelli S6N14 kulmi shan qaaciidooyinka dhismaha iyo xeryahooda shaqsi, siday u kala horreeyaan, S7N16 - 9, S8N18 - 18, C10H22 - 76 S12N26 - 355. Afarta alkanes wakiil ugu horeysay - gaasas ka Kii shanaadna wuxuu u laba iyo tobnaad - dareere ah, tan iyo markii lix - adkaha .

guryaha kiimikada ee Consort cokan

All saturates walxaha inert. Tani waa si ay u taagoo of alkanes ee carbon iyo hydrogen atamka lala bonds li'idiisa, atamka hydrogen sidaas daraaddeed xeryahooda, kuwaas oo aan lagu lifaaqi karaa. Alkanes fal halogenation xagjirka ah, nitration, cholesterol. Inta lagu guda jiro halogens halogenation si fudud atamka bedel ee Britain ayaa ah alkane hydrogen. Marka Nitro nitriding si fudud u beddelay hydrogen ee jaamacadda, adag - in la eb carbon sare iyo hoose.

Saturated iyo Consort roodhida waa alaabta ceeriin soo saarka leh walxaha organic kala duwan. Qaybsama off atamka hydrogen ka Consort cokan waxaa laga heli karaa roodhida (alkenes, alkynes).