Children of Alexander 1. Alexander P. 1: Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada nolosha shakhsiga ah, Biography

Emperor Alexander I ahaa awow u ahaa Catherine Weyn by wiilkeeda oo kaliya Paul Petrovich iyo amiirad Sophia Jarmalka ee Wurttemberg, in Church Orthodox ee Maria Feodorovna. Waxa uu ku dhashay ee St. Petersburg December 25, 1777. Magacaabay in sharaf of Aleksandra Nevskogo, taajkii dhallaanka oo amiir u ahaa isla markiiba waalidkood la kaxaystay, oo soo bixiyey gacanta ugu jiray ayeeyadaa reer boqor, taas oo si weyn u saameeyay fikradaha siyaasadeed ee Boqortooyada mustaqbalka.

Childhood iyo dhalinyarada

All carruurnimada Alexander ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay iyada oo ay kormeerayaan ayeeyo boqornimada, waalidiinta aan, ayuu ku dhowaad ma xiriiraan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkasta oo ay taasi, ayuu, sida aabbihiis, Paul jecel yahay oo si fiican u yaqaanna ee arrimaha ciidamada. adeegga dhabta ah ee wax taaj oo amiir u ahaa in Gatchina, in 19kii sano ee uu u dallacsiiyey in kornayl.

Tsarevich wuxuu lahaa aragti ah in si deg deg ah haleelaan aqoon cusub iyo farxad bartay. Waxaa jiro isaga, aan in wiilkiisa Paul Ekaterina Velikaya arkay mustaqbalka Ruush Emperor, laakiin inuu isaga carshigii, oo wuxuu aabbihiis karin Goldogob.

At 20 jir uu noqday taliyaha guud ee St. Petersburg iyo madax ka mid ah ilaalada guutada Semenov. Sannad ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku Senate waxay ku fadhiistaan.

Alexander ayaa cambaareeyey siyaasadda, taas oo lagu qabtay aabbihiis, Emperor Paul by, sidaasi darteed waxa uu qeyb ka ahaa shirqool, kuwaas oo goolka uu ahaa in ay kabayso Emperor ka carshigii iyo boqornimadii Alexander. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Prince Crown ahaa xaalad ilaalinta nolosha aabbihiis, sidaasaa dhimashadiina dulmiga badan ee la soo dhaafay Crown Prince keenay dareen ah xadgudubka ee Meyeydaan.

nolosha guurka

nolosha Personal Alexander I ahaa mid aad u mashquul. Guurka Prince Crown bilaabay hore - at 16 jir, uu ulaa ah afar iyo toban-Baden Princess Louise Mariey Avgustoy, waxaa ku guulaysteen in ay magaca galku, wuxuu noqday Elizavetoy Alekseevnoy. Newlyweds aad u haboon in kasta oo kale, taas oo uu ka mid timi ka Cupid iyo soo gunaanadeen naaneesta ah. In sannadaha hore ee xiriirka guurka ka dhexeeya nin iyo naag ayaa aad dhaylo ah oo taabasho, Duchess Grand waxaa aad u jecel yahay oo la ixtiraamo by dhan ee maxkamadda, marka laga reebo in-sharciga ah ee Maria Feodorovna. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xidhiidhka diiran qoyska ugu dhakhsaha badan siiyey si ay qaboobayd - lamaanaha lahaa characters aad u kala duwan, ka sokow Alexander Pavlovich inta badan laga khiyaameeyay on naagtiisa.

Xaaska of Alexander I khilaafeen Furuujtooda, raaxo aan jeclaaday, ku hawlan samafal, kubadaha iyo dhacdooyinka bulsheed, ayay ka doorteen socda iyo akhriska buugaagta.

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna

Ku dhowaad lix sano, guurka ee Duke Grand ma midhihiisa ma siin, iyo kaliya ee 1799 waxay ahaayeen reer Alexander I. Grand Duchess The dhashay gabadh - Maria Alexandrovna. dhalashada ee ilmaha ayaa keentay in intra-fadeexadii oo qoyska ka Imperial. Alexander hooyadiis ayaa si maldahan u sheegay in ilmaha lagu kuma aannu dhalan Prince Crown, iyo tan iyo Prince Czartoryski, ka sheekaysay oo iyadu looga shakisan yahay gabadheeda. Intaa waxaa dheer, gabadha uu ku dhashay ee Coleen ah, iyo labada waalid ahaayeen timo cad leh. Waayo, khiyaamo qaran walaashay si maldahan u Emperor Paul. Tsarevich Alexander qudhiisa qiray gabadhiisa oo aan marnaba ka hadlay fursad si ay naagtiisii u beddelo. Happiness of aabanimada ahaa muddo kooban ah, Grand Duchess Maria noolaa muddo sannad ah, oo ku dhintay 1800. gabadhii Dhimashada si kooban u soo heshii iyo guurtay meel u dhow lamaanaha.

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna

tixaha badan oo sii kordheysa ka go'day isqaba caleemo saaray, Alexander, ma qarinaya, wada noolaan la Maria Naryshkin, iyo Empress Elizabeth tan iyo 1803 amarkooda la Aleksiem Ohotnikovym bilaabay. In 1806, wuxuu naagtiisii u dhashay ee Alexander I gabadh - Grand Duchess Elizabeth, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in labada qof dhowr sano ma wada nool yihiin, gooyo aqoonsan yahay gabadhiisa, taas oo ka dhigtay gabadhii ugu horeysay ee line carshiga. Children of Alexander I dheer isaga farxay. gabadhii labaad ku dhintay da'da 18 bilood. Ka dib dhimashadii Princess Elizabeth guursaday xiriirka lamaanaha noqday xitaa ka sii badan oo qaboow.

amarna la Maria Naryshkina

nolosha Xaas la Elizavetoy Alekseevnoy inta badan ma shaqeeyo sababo la xidhiidha shan iyo toban sano ah gabadhii Alexander Sirkaalkii Poland M. Naryshkina guurka Chetvertinskaya. link Tani Alexander sameeyey wax qarsoodi ah iyada ogaa qoyskiisa iyo ka timi oo dhan, oo weliba, aad Maria Naryshkin at fursad kasta isku dayeen in ay wareemaan ninkeeda Emperor, isagoo alleefaya amarkooda la Alexander. Muddo sanado ah arrin Alexander aaneeyey aabbanimada shan ka mid ah lixdii carruur Naryshkina:

• Elizabeth D., 1803 dhalashadiisa,
• Elizabeth D., 1804 dhalashadiisa,
• Sophia D., 1808 dhalashadiisa,
• Zinaida Dmitrievna, 1810 sanadka dhalashada,
• Emmanuel D., 1813 dhalashada.

In 1813, Emperor qaybsadeen la Naryshkina sidii looga shakisan yahay ku lug nin kale. Emperor looga shakisan yahay in Emmanuel Naryshkin - ma wiilkiisa. Ka dib markii qaybsadeen dhexeeya ku caashaqay hore si ay u ilaaliyaan xiriirka saaxiibtinimo. Dhammaan reer Mary iyo Alexander I ugu dheeraa ee ku noolaa Sofya Naryshkina. Waxay ku dhintay da'da 16, ka hor ay aroos.

carruur garacyo ah Alexander I

Waxa intaa dheer in reer Mary Naryshkina Alexander Emperor ku lahaa carruur garacyo iyo cadcad kale.

• Nikolay Lukash, waxa uu ku dhashay 1796 ka Sofii Mescherskoy;
• Maria waxa uu ku dhashay 1819kii ka Marii Turkestanovoy;
• Maria A. Paris (1814), hooyadiis Margaret Zhozefina Veymer uu;
• Alexandrov Alexandrina Wilhelmina Paulina, ku dhashay 1816, hooyada waa la garanayn,
• Gustav Ehrenberg (1818), hooyadii Elena Rautenstrauch;
• Nikolai Isakov (1821), hooyada - Karacharova Mariya.

Aabanimada afar carruur ah ee la soo dhaafay ka mid ahaa Emperor ee Biography ah cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa weli muran. taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah xitaa shaki carruurta ahaayeen Alexander I.

Siyaasadda Qoyska 1801 -1815 sano.

Markuu kor uguma carshiga ee March 1801, Alexander I Pavlovich shaaca ka qaaday in uu sii wadi doono siyaasadda ah ee uu ayeeyo Catherine Weyn. Waxa intaa dheer in horyaalka ee Emperor Alexander wuxuu boqorkii dalka Poland ka 1815, Grand Duke of Finland tan iyo 1801 iyo gargaaraha Order of Malta oo cinwaankeedu ahaa tan iyo 1801.

Boqornimadiisa of Alexander I (1801 in 1825) bilaabay horumarinta dib u habaynta xagjirka ah. Emperor baabiiyo duulaan ku Qarsoon, mamnuucay adeegsiga jirdilka ka dhanka ah maxaabiista dejinta dibadda uga ogol yahay, buugaagta iyo guryaha gaarka loo leeyahay daabacaadda furan ee dalka.

Alexander dhigay tallaabada ugu horraysa ee la baabiiyo of serfdom, soo saaray amar "On the cultivators free", oo lagu soo rogay ganaax on sale ee yaroow oo aan dalka, laakiin isbedel yar, hawlaha, kuwaas oo aan sameeyey.

in dib u habaynta nidaamka waxbarashada

Alexander ahaa dib u habaynta more badiyey nidaamka waxbarashada. Fadilid cad ee goobaha waxbarashada ayaa lagu soo bandhigay sida ay barnaamijyada gobolka waxbarasho, sidaas waxaa jiray dugsiyada gobolka iyo diinta, dugsiyada naxwaha iyo dugsiyada gobolka iyo jaamacadaha. Inta lagu jiro 1804-1810 sannad xisaabeedka. laga helay Kazan, University Kharkov, in St. Petersburg koriska Machadka la furay, ku mudan Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, magaalada la soo celiyay Academy of Sciences.

Laga soo bilaabo maalmood ee ugu horreeya oo boqornimadii gooyo uu isku hareereeyey leh dadka dhalinyarada ah aqoon la views horusocod ah. Mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo ahaa Speransky ku jurist, waxay ahayd under uu hoggaanka ayaa edeb Butros College ee wasaaradda. Speransky sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen inay yeeshaan mashruuca on dib u dhiska ee boqortooyada, taas oo ku xusan soocidda awoodaha iyo abuuritaanka ah jirka wakiil la soo doortay. Sayidka Boqortooyada loo badali lahaa dastuurka ah, laakiin dib u habayn ayaa la kulmay iska caabin ah si indheer-iyo laandheere, sidaa daraadeed waxa aan la fuliyay.

Reform 1815-1825 GG.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Alexander I, taariikhda Russia ayaa u xuub bedelay. Emperor ayaa muujisay tallaabo firfircoon siyaasadda gudaha bilowga ah ee boqornimadiisa, laakiin ka dib markii 1815 ay hoos u galay. Intaa waxaa dheer, mid kasta oo ka mid ah dib u habaynta uu la kulmay iska caabin adag ee abtirsan Ruush. Tan iyo waqti in, isbedelo waa weyn ee Empire Ruush ah ma aysan dhicin. In 1821-1822, booliska qarsoodi ah, ayaa laga mamnuucay urur qarsoodi Oo qolladaheedii jooggo ayaa waxaa la aasaasay ciidanka.

ka reeban ayaa waxay ahaayeen gobollada galbeed ee boqortooyada. In 1815, Alexander 1 siiyey boqortooyada Poland Dastuurka, si waafaqsan oo Poland noqday boqortooyo kala dhaxlo oo qayb ka ah Russia. In Poland, Cuntada ku aqal ayaa la ilaashaa, taas oo si wadajir ah ula King uu yahay hay'adda sharci dajinta. Dastuurku wuxuu ahaa deeqsi ah iyo siyaabo badan garabaka Charter Faransiiska iyo dastuurka ee England. Sidoo kale dalka Finland waxa uu hubiyaa hirgelinta sharciga dastuuriga ah ee 1772, iyo yaroow Baltic waxaa laga xoreeyey serfdom.

dib u habaynta ciidamada

Ka dib guushii ay ka gaareen Napoleonom Aleksandr arkay in dalka uu u baahan yahay dib u habaynta a military, sidaas darteed tan iyo 1815 Wasiirka War Arakche'ev loo xilsaaray si ay u horumariyaan oo ay mashruuca. Waxay ku lug leedahay abuurista degsiimooyinka military sida xaafadaha cusub ee ciidamada iyo beeraha, taas oo in la buuxiyaa lahaa ciidanka si joogta ah. The ugu horeysay ee degsiimooyinka ka mid ah ayaa soo bandhigay in Kherson, gobolladiisa Novgorod.

siyaasadda dibadda

Boqortooyada Alexander I, ayaa ka tagay ay calaamaddu, iyo siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Sannaddii kowaad oo boqornimadiisa, ayuu hadalkiisa ku koobay heshiisyada nabadda la Britain iyo France, iyo in 1805-1807 wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah ka gees ah Emperor Faransiis ah Napoleon. Guul darradii Austerlitz xumeeyay xaaladda, in Russia, taas oo keentay in saxiixa Nabadda ee Tilsit la Napoleon ee June 1807, kaas oo ku lug leedahay abuurista isbahaysiga daafaca France iyo Russia.

More guul ahayd khilaafka Ruush-Turkish ee 1806-1812., Kuwaasoo dhammaaday saxiixa nabad Brest ah, by kaas oo Bessarabia waxaa ku wareejiyey si Russia.

War la Sweden ee 1808-1809 dhamaaday guul Russia, Empire heshiiskii nabadda helay Finland iyo Islands Åland ah.

Sidoo kale inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Alexander intii lagu jiray dagaalka Ruush-Faarisi in boqortooyadiisa ay soo biiray by Azerbaijan, Imereti, Guria, Mingrelia iyo Abkhazia. Empire ku guuleystay xaq u leedahay in ay raxan Caspian. Horaantii, in 1801, Georgia qayb ka mid ah Russia noqday, iyo in 1815 - Duchy of Warsaw.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha ugu weyn waxaa libta of Alexander in dagaalkii ka Patriotic ee 1812, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ahaa kii uu hogaaminayo ee isbahaysiga anti-Faransiis ee 1813-1814. Bishii Maarso 1814, Ruush Emperor galay Paris madaxa ciidammada isbahaysiga, mid ka mid ah madaxda ka mid ah Congress of Vienna uu noqday in la dhiso si cusub ee Europe. ay caanka ah ee Emperor Ruushka ahaa weyn, ee 1819kii, wuxuu noqday la'yihiin oo ka mid ah mustaqbalka Queen Victoria ee England.

Emperor dhimashada

Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah, waxaan Emperor Alexander ku Romanov dhintay November 19, 1825 in Taganrog ka dhib ah barar maskaxda. Sidaas daraaddeed ugu dhakhsaha badan dhimashada Emperor sababa badan oo xan ah iyo halyeeyadoodii hore.

In 1825, caafimaadka ayaa si xad dhaaf xumaatay xaaskiisa of Emperor, dhakhaatiirta lagula talinayaa koonfurta cimilada, waxaan go'aansaday in uu si Taganrog tag, Emperor qaatay go'aanka ah in uu xaaskiisa, kuwaasoo la xiriirka noqday mid aad u diiran sannadihii la soo dhaafay raaco.

In koonfurta, gooyo booqday Novocherkassk iyo Crimean ah, on wadada, ayuu xun ku qabtay qabow iyo ku dhintay. Alexander khilaafeen caafimaad wanaagsan iyo aan weligood ahaanin buka, sidaas dhimashada 48-sano jir ah Emperor badan shakiyeen, iyo dad badan oo u maleeyey in uu jecel yahay in lagu lifaaqo lama filaan ah Empress ah in ay soo booqdaan shakiyo aad. Boqor jirka ka sokow ka hor aaska aan jirin dadka tusay kala tagii dhexdeenna ka dhacay sanduuq xidhan. wararka xanta ah More waxya oo marakay dhacdey dhaw naagtii gooyo ee - Elizabeth lix bilood ka dib dhintay.

Emperor - Elder

In 1830-1840 GG. boqorkii dhintay noqday tilmaamay oday ah oo Fedorom Kuzmichom, kuwaas oo, la muuqaalada sida gooyo, sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin dhaqan fiican, ma soo jireenka ah ee riixo fudud. Ka mid ah dadka waxaa jiray warar xan ah in ashtakooday boqorka ahaa double lagu aasay, oo waxay boqorkii ku hoos midda weyn magaceedu wuxuu ku noolaa ilaa 1864, ee aad isku Empress Elizabeth A. aqoonsaday inuu door biday in Vera Molchalnitsey.

Su'aasha ah in oday Fyodor Kuzmich iyo Alexander hal qof oo aan weli la elucidated, dhigay rikoor toosan "i" oo kaliya baaritaan kartaan hidaha.