Biography Starodum. Comedy Denisa Ivanovicha Fonvizina "Oaf"

Tani play caanka Fonvizin la qoray isaga by ee 1782. geesiyaal Comedy ahaayeen dadka ceegaagta kala duwan ee bulshada oo ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa qarnigii XVIII, serfs, saraakiisha dowladda iyo macallinka fashion isku magacaabay. Ka hor inta aan si buuxda u muujiyo theme ee "Biography Starodum" degganaan yar on deggan guriga Prost ah, maxaa yeelay, waxaa iyaga la jiray oo dhan bilaabay.

Prost

Sidaas daraaddeed, jilayaasha muhiimka ah: ignoramus - lix iyo toban Mitrofanushka - iyo hooyadiis, Ms. Prost, taas oo ah qof weyn ee xun ee shaqada this. Waxaa waa naxariisdarro iyo cadho, oo uu doonayo inuu guursado ina uu karti Mitrofan, waa kuwa gabi ahaanba la taag daran wax kasta. Ma jecla hooyadiis, laakiin kaliya iska sababta oo ah qof xoog iyo awood badan.

Prost, barashada in walaasha Sophia ninkeeda (nin aad u hufan oo aqoon) ku noqday mid dhaxla si nasiib ah u baaxad weyn, taas oo iyadu bequeaths iyada adeer qaali Starodum go'aansaday in wax kasta oo ay ahayd inuu guursado in uu caajis Mitrofanushka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee qaraabada Starodum ayaa muddo dheer waxaa isagii lagu aasay, oo hadda ka joogo aad magiciisa u imanayaa inuu foodda ah. guriga Prost dhan bilaabaan si ay u tagaan waalan sababta oo ah waxay dhaxal u Sofia, kadib markii 10,000 - qadarka wakhti in aan wax dhibah mooyee. Kuwaas oo ahaa Starodum iyo meel ay ka yimaadeen?

Biography Starodum

play The dhaqdhaqaaqdo Fonvizin Starodum soo bandhigay mid ka mid ah ugu sharaf iyo jilayaasha ugu fiican. Waxa uu noqday taabacsan. Indeed, in shaqada "Minor The" saameeyeen badan oo arrimaha siyaasadda, bulshada, waxbarashada iyo moral.

Writer gaar ahaan ka baxo su'aasha furan in nin oday Starodum, laakiin waxaa la ogsoon yahay in aysan la qabto maxkamadda reer boqor oo markaas u tageen inay Siberia. In erayadii uu u gaar ah oo geesi ah, waxaa si aad u hesho lacag, iyaga oo aan la beddelo qalbi, ma meanly jiidhaan oo aan la dhacayo dalka, iyaga ku muteystay ka mid ah dalka ogyahay Munaafaqnimada lahayn iyo popravosudnee doonaa dadka, iyo dadaalka ay ku bixiso run daacad ah oo deeqsi ah.

"Trades abtirsan"

Fonvizin ganacsiga Starodum ka tarjumayaa habka dhabta ah ee nolosha dhaqaale ee abtirsan Ruush, jiidatay dareenka ay ka dib qoraaga Faransiis turjumay khuseeya la yiraahdo "abtirsan gorgortanka protivupolozhennoe abtirsan military."

Starodum Biography ayaa sheegay in uu ku hodanaynta ee dahabka laga qodo, ay ujeedada ahayd in ay hubiyaan mustaqbalka raaxo leh ee uu abti oo keliya oo la jecel yahay - Sofyushki. Afkaarta Starodum xigmad leh oo qiimo leh, wuxuu u sheegay in uu sameeyey xaaladda noocan oo kale ah in ay u ogolaan kartaa iyada si aad u guursato, xataa masaakiinta, laakiin wax ugu weyn ee - nin hufan. Isagu ma xirmaan walaasha fayo-qabka in lahaanshaha serfs lyudom.

Oo waxay soo beegay: Fonvizin qoray play sida mar ah in muddo ah, markii Russia isku dayeen in ay ka dagaal ridayeen ee 1773-1775 ka bartaan. iyo fikiray sababaha, taas oo ku dhawaad keentay gobolka dhulgoosadka-laandheere u baabbi'in iyo halaag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xakamaynayaan dadka caro, gobolka Catherine II gobta sii xoogaystay iyo kordhiyay galladaha ay fasalka talada haya. Dadka masaakiinta ah sharciga hortiisa ka sii yaraa oo kala firidhsanaayeen eegay. In play ah "Minor The", kuwaas oo arrimo siyaasadeed ayaa noqotay mid aad u ba'an oo la mariyo.

Free-fekerka, kacaan iyo reformer

Biography Starodum, uu isaga qudhiisu iyo sheegayaa kabano uu, gaar ahaan Pravdina iyo Milo, waxaa ka mid ah xog ku saabsan in, in uu ahaa 60 sano jir. Magaciisa soo jeedisay in uu raaco mabaadi'da marxalad hore - Zaman ee Peter I. Starodum dib u soo celin hadalkii aabbihiis, kuwaas oo shaaca ka qaaday inuu mar walba ahaa oo ku saabsan waxa aad u baahan tahay in ay leeyihiin qalbi iyo naf, ka dibna aad qof mar kasta Doono.

In this play garneel lagu Starodum u muuqataa kaliya dhamaadka fal ugu horeysay. Wada jir ah ula Pravdin Milon iyo waxa ay meesha Sophia Prostakova ka xadgudub iyo bixisaa qiyaasta barbaarinta nacas Jaahiliinta Mitrophan.

Astaamaha Starodum ayaa sheegay in qalbigiisa uu yahay reformer weyn iyo kacdoonka ah. ilaa uu ku quudin jiray Dulmi gobolka, halkaas oo run iyo daacad ah adeeg ayaa muddo dheer qiimo tirtay, wax kasta oo la xukumo by prisposoblennichestvo isgaarsiinta iyo servility. Waxbarashada Starodum looma oggola in ay aamusnaan eegno sida qaar ka mid ah asxaabta uu ku dhow sancada iyo impudence kii. Taasi waa sababta uu uga tagay adeegga, sababtoo ah ma eegi kartaa sida kedis ah salaanka shirkadaha aan ahayn dadka isku mid ah, laakiin ugu xaragada badan oo ugu mudan kalimadaas chelna joogay dibadda albaabka.

aphorisms Starodum

Thanks to qalbigiisa daacad ah, waxbarashada iyo waxbarashada anshaxa, waxa ay ku dhawaaqday mabaadi'da dowladda, halkaas oo dhammaan sharciyada ay gacanta ku waa macquul iyo cadaalad ah.

Dhab ahaantii kale oo xiiso waa in aphorisms ku Starodum lagu naalloon karo, sababtoo ah waxa uu sheegay in wax aad xaq u leedahay, tusaale ahaan, in ugu iftiimiyey aan naf noqonayaa uun raxiimka xariif ah. Wuxuu kama daalo soo noqnoqda in waxbarashada Sidukiinta ah - arrinta gobolka. Oo halkan waa in lagu daraa waxbarashada ee kelyaha iyo qalbigaba. Isla mar ahaantaana geliya waxbarashada qalbiga ku jira meesha ugu horeysa.

dabeecad Starodum muujinaysaa in ay tahay mid sahlan, sahlan oo maskax iyo fiiro-dheer. All Prost qoyska qurmay, wuxuu arkaa duso oo sheegay in wax walba uu u maleeyo iyaga oo ku saabsan.

Ciyaar The

In play ah "The Yar" Fonvizin siiyey aragtida shakhsiga ah ee "dad daacad ah" iyo indha indheyn ah waxa ay noqon waa in dhigid nololeed. Oo sidaas daraaddeed image ee Starodum halkan ma joogo shil. Aagga "Nedorosl" sababo cad, waxaa dib markii qaar ka mid ah. Si lama filaan ah u dhacay ganacsigii "xun", by taas oo dadka naftooda helay play ee foomka si dhexdhexaadnimo ah, si looga hortago lahaa ay ka tago. Iyo, sida muuqata, Fonvizin wuxuu ka door biday in ay isxigaan awood badan la saaro dhamaan caqabadaha.

In 1782, September 24, Ciyaar ka ciyaarta ayaa weli lagu qabtay on stage ee St. Petersburg tiyaatarka Free Ruush. Si toos ah by qoraaga shaqada. Iyo, farsamada yaabka leh laygu ku filan, play ma u leeyihiin in ay bedeli hal dhawaaq ah, sidaas darteed, waxay ahayd guul leeyihiin min.

Mid ka mid ah kuwii arkay ra'iisul-wasaaraha ayaa sheegay in qaar ka mid ah goobaha maadda ah u yeedhay qosol Dagdagaysa, laakiin goobaha halis harraad weyn oo dhegaysta dhegaystay dhagaystayaasha oo dhan, cilmaani ah oo jeclaaday halka tilmaamo iyo comments on itaaldarrada cilmaani iyo savagery of caadooyinka qaar ka mid ah waqtiga. play The, si liveliness oo ka mid ah wada hadal, kaftan, aphorisms, xigasho oo xiiso leh iyo nooca waxbarasho mahad, ayaa ka caawisay qaar ka mid ah si aad u aragto Prost ah, kuwaas oo ka dibna laga saaray nooc guryahooda lzhepedagogov Vralmana iyo Tsyfirkin.

gunaanad

play The "Minor The" waxa uu ahaa oo keliya si fiican-la aasaasay oo dhan riwaayadaha Ruushka ee qarnigii XVIII ah. In da'da classicism ayay cambaareeyay barbaarinta dhaqanka laandheere, "savagery" iyo "zlonravie" wanaaga gobolka. All characters karin ayaa bayaan loo qaybsan togan iyo kuwa taban, sida maldahan at magacyadoodii: Staro, PRAVDIN, Prost, Skotinin iwm ...