Billadda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev" - abaalmarinta 20 sano ka dib

sayniska taariikhiga Stalin ee si taxadar leh u adkaystay qiimeeyo marxaladda hore ee dagaalka ee 1941-45. Kaliya ka dib markii "aabaha dadyowga" dhimashada bilaabay inuu xuso ee khasaaraha culus la galay markii Ciidanka Cas. billadda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev", aasaasay at hindisaha hogaamiyaha cusub ee dalka - N. S. Hruscheva, wuxuu noqday calaamad u ah xasuusta ah khasaaraha cabsida leh ee xagaaga ee hore ee dagaalka.

dillaacay naxdinta lahaa dagaal

qabashada deg deg ah ee Ukraine Hitler loo arkaa goolkiisii ugu muhiimsan ee istiraatiijiga ah. Tani waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah ay u diidaan Midowga Soofiyeeti ee wax ceeriin iyo cuntada khayraadka ballaaran, oo lacag la'aan ah ilaa ciidamada si ay u taageeraan ciidamada on ugu weyn - jihada - Moscow.

caasimada Yukreeniyaan hoos diyaaradaha weerarka ka saacadood ee ugu horeeya ee dagaalka, iyo in wakhti yar oo gaaban, koox awood badan ciidammada Jarmal "South" in Dnieper u yimid. waxaa soo horjeedda in unugyada Soviet military, la xoojiyey ee Front South-Western, amray by Guud ee aqoonta oo ku doodaya ilaa maantadan la joogo - MP Kirponos, iyo maamulka guud ee ciidanka koonfureedna waxay u qaadeen Marshal Budyonny.

Xeerarka ku saabsan billadda

Tiriyaa in ay sanad guurada 20aad ee dhicin dagaalkii billadda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev" waxaa la aasaasay June 21, 1961. Taariikhyahanadu ayaa xusay xaaladaha siyaasadeed ee gaarka ah. Nikita Khrushchev noqday hoggaamiyaha cusub ee xisbiga iyo dalka, muddo dheer ahaa madaxa golaha dhexe ee CPSU ah (b) ee Ukraine, iyo xitaa inta lagu guda jiro dagaal lagu soo qaaday abaalmarinta ka qaybgalayaasha dagaalamaya Kiev. Stalin si adag u hadleen wax ka gees, ku dooday in halka ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la dhiso abaalmarinta si gooni gooni ah, waayo, mid kasta oo Jamhuuriyadda Union. Laakiin wax ugu weyn ee - Stalin ma fiirsan falalka ciidamada Soviet iyo amarka bogagga geesinimada ah ee taariikhda.

Sida ay xeerarka, oo dhan la siiyay billadda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev" ka July si September 1941 uu ahaa in Kiev iyo degaanka ku hareereysan oo qayb ka ah ciidamada joogtada ah iyo maleeshiyada qaranka, ayaa ka qaybqaatay dhismaha qalcad ah, ka shaqeeyay shirkado ciidamada magaalada, waxay ahaayeen xubno ka mid ah dhulka hoostiisa ama anti-Nazi dhuumaalaysiga ah dhaqdhaqaaqa.

By booska, joogitaanka abaalmarino kale ee gobolka biladda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev" waxa uu ku yaalaa ka dib "Stalingrad", "yar" waayo, waxaa laga dhawaaqay "Waayo, Difaaca ee Caucasus".

Si aad u qaadato Moscow, waa in aan Kiev ee

OKW, addeecaya amarka Hitler, go'aansaday in inta badan taariikhyahanadu military qirayaa khalad ah marka la eego istaraatijiyad afku caasimada Soofiyeeti. In dadaal lagu doonayo in si deg deg ah ka tago gobollada hodan Yukreeniyaan iyo saliid Caucasian, koonfurta group xoogaystay 2 ciidammadoodu taangiga awood in hore ku shaqeeya in lala koox ka mid ah ciidammadii "Center" ee degaanka Moscow ee. Hitler this sameeyey ka dib markii isku day fashilmay in ay qabsadaan magaalada Yukreeniyaan si deg deg ah, ka hortagga counter-falalka Army Cas on the lines aagga Kiev ee deyr leh.

Xoojinta Koonfur-Soofiyeeti Front kharash ku qeybo ka mid ah in ay Germany ka xanibeen jidka loo Moscow, heerka aan sameeyey, maxaa yeelay, Stalin ahaa qanacsanahay in Germany ayaa wali ah meesha ugu weyn iyo nawaaxigeeda. The xoog iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa oo ka mid ah unugyada taangiga cusub, workarounds ay ku hadhaan keentay in ay Buuloburde ayaa iyo baabba 'dhow Kiev koox weyn oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red hogaaminayo hoggaanka Front. Xitaa tirada rasmiga ah ee khasaaraha waa wayn - in ka badan 700 oo kun oo qof.

Description of qadaadiic ah

Foomka in uu leeyahay bilad ah "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev" caadiga ah ee abaalmarinta waa: disk naxaas ah ballaciisu yahay ee 32 mm. block shurudaha iyo pentagonal, daboolay qoofalan oo saytuun ah moire, laba Garaacood leh: cas (4 mm) iyo buluug (2 mm).

dhinaca dambe waa isku mid sida bilado badan WWII - la oqoon ah: "Waayo, Our hooyo Soviet" Laakiin dhex faleristov ururiya socdaa failed: bilad ah "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev", sameeyey iyadoo la kaashanayo si qalad ah loo isticmaalo caaryada Buoni ciidamada kale abaalmarinta. On ay qabtay dambe Vienna posted taariikhda - "13 April 1945". biladood Kuwani ma abaalmariyey.

obverse waxaa sameeyey farshaxanka sawir V. N. Atlantova iyo waa tirada gargaarka ee jabhada hubaysan qoryaha iyo shaqaalaha, badmaax oo askari oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee dhismaha Golaha Sare leh qubbad kala oo calanka u badan. On top - warqado kiciyey: "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev", ee xarunta of hooseysa - xiddig shan geesood ah oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee calanka, iyo labada dhinac waxaa ka mid ah - laan Laurel ah. Avers xuduud la qar convex.

Natiijooyinka difaaca Kiev

Dagaallada ee xagaagii 1941 waa casharo adag, taas oo bilaabay la amarka Soviet of War Great Patriotic. difaaca Kiev socday 70 maalmood oo dhammaadkeedu on 26 September, markii uu dagaalku dhamaaday u dhow caasimada Ukraine, ayaa mar hore ka tagay by markii ciidamada Soviet.

guuldarro oo ka mid ah Front South-Western, Army Cas lahaa saamaynta istiraatiiji culus USSR ah: Jarmalka furay wadada xagga koonfureed oo dalka Ukraine oo ahayd markii ay qabsadeen Donbass iyo Crimean, halkaas oo uu hor istaagay Sevastopol - saldhigga ugu weyn ee Badda Madow Fleet. The goobaha dhaqaalaha ugu weyn - ilaha cuntada iyo dhuxul - lumeen, halis gobollada saliidda soo saara weyn ee USSR.

Laakiin feat ee difaacaneysa Kiev ayaa muhiimadda taariikhiga ah si loo gaaro guul wax caadi ah in ka badan fashiistaha: weecinta ee ciidamada weyn gaashaaman ah Wehrmacht Ciidanka Group Dhexe si sahlan cadaadiska saaran caasimadda Soviet oo markii ay si wanaagsan ugu diyaar-difaaca ee Moscow siiyey.

170,000 abaalmariyey

sayniska taariikhiga ah Soviet ahaa qiimeynta samaynaysaa caadiga ah ku salaysan opinion ee maamulka iyo qadayn xisbiga muhiimka ah. Tani waxay si gaar ah u saameeyay guul ugu adag oo mugdi iyo guul of War Great Patriotic, taas oo ka mid ah difaaca ee Kiev. Dagaalkii Labaad Aduunka, dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ay la dib ogan karo magaca hay'adda abaalmarinta ka qaybgalayaashu ay - biladood oo loogu talagalay difaaca iyo qabashada magaalooyinka iyo gobollada. Bilada Military "Waayo, Difaaca ee Kiev" waxaa la aasaasay kaliya ee mudada Subxigu. Laakiin ka this ma noqon in ka yar sharaf iyo gacaliyahay u 170.540 oo qof kuwaas oo u siiyay saffarro iyo Faracoodii.