Maleeshiyo, kuwaas oo badbaadiyey qarannimada Ruushka

maleeshiyaadka DULUCDA

xoraynta ee Moscow ka duulay Polish ee xasuusta dad ah isku wadanka yihiin our waxaa dhaqan ahaan qadarin mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu geesinimada taariikhda Ruush. Dhacdadani waxa ay ku riday on par leh u gurasho xariif Kutuzov caasimada ee 1812, taas oo keentay in horyaalka ee Napoleon ka Russia. Iyo difaaca ee Moscow ee 1941, waxaa lagu aasay blitzkrieg qorshaha of Adolf Hitler. Maanta, dhacdadan la xiriira fasax heer-gobol - Day Midnimo Qaran, turjumaya maleeshiyada dadka wejigiisa degan.

wakhtiga rabshado

bilowgii qarnigii toddoba lahaa imtixaan adag tahay gobolka Ruush. Xilligii yeedhay buugaagta taariikhda dugsiga, "Time of rabshado", ayaa waxaa labaduba la xidhiidha dhibaatooyinka gudaha, dhamaystiran, iyo c kor u cadowga dibadda. Livonian War dhamaadka qarniga qarnigii lix iyo ku jawaabay in xiisadda dhaqaale ee u daran, abaar baaxad weyn oo ah oo adkaysay serfdom, xiisadda sii kordhaysa ee bulshada iyo, dabcan, yaraynta awood military ee gobolka. Against asalka this, khadka go'do ee guri ammaan talada haya, buuqooda bulshada iyo siyaasadda, ciqaab barakac soo noqnoqda carshiga dalka Muscovy sameeyey fudud oo jirrabaya ee dadka ajnebiga ah. miisaanka weyn iyo saameyn gobolka heleen deriskiisa ee wejiga gobolka Polish, kulma laga yaabaa ubax ugu weyn ee ay xoogga ay taariikhda. Xaaladahan oo kale, dagaal kale oo Ruush-Polish, oo waxay bilaabeen in 1609, si deg deg ah oo horseeday in dayrta ee tiro ka mid ah Guryahoodu wax Ruush muhiimka ah (sida Smolensk iyo Kaluga) iyo ka baxsadaan, oo ka dib dhimashadii Beenta Dmitry II iyo ugu danbeyn ciidamada shaqo oo ka mid ah King of Moscow ee Sigismund III.

niyad-jab dadweyne

shaqo ayaa socday muddo laba sano ah - laga bilaabo xilliga dayrta 1610 si dayrta 1612. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this qabtay dhacdo, oo loo yaqaan maleeshiyada. Markii ciidanka si joogto ah isu dhiibay koox xoogan, hindisaha lahaa in ay qaataan ciidamada dadka. First maleeshiyada bilaabay inuu qaab qaadan horraantii 1611 on hindisaha iyo gacanta ugu sharaf leh Procopius Lyapunov. Dhisidda ah oo polish ah oo racfaan ka mid ah ciidamada caan ka dhacay meesha ugu horeysa ee ku hoos gambanaya arimo ah ee ilaalinta dalalkan Orthodox ee King Catholic ah. Bet on fikradda ah galku lahaa jawaabta weyn oo dadka ku dhex, iyo in xaaladda this, abuure muhiim ah oo maleeshiyada noqday Wadaad Hermogenees, wac for iska caabin ah.

Performance ka dhacay January 1611, markii ciidamada la dagaalanka rag iyo Cossacks of Ryazan, Novgorod iyo magaalooyin kale u dhaqaaqay Moscow. dagaalka ayaa go'aan ka dhacay March, markii Moscow laba maalmood Cadhadaadii olol, qaar ka mid ah ciidamada Polish bililiqeystey khasnaddii, isku diyaarinaya in ay taabacsaneyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay kala duwan ee xeradii maleeshiyada ganacsiga mucaaradka dadka ay ku guuldareysatay iyo Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku dayaysa in ay sii daayaan caasimada tagay ma ahaayeen. Iyo dayrta ee 1611 ee Nizhny Novgorod, waxay bilaabeen inay u sameeyaan a maleeshiyada cusub ee qaranka. Madaxda isaga wakhtigan karraaniga ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay oday Kuzma Minin iyo Dmitry Pozharsky Sirkaalkii dhalinyaro ah, ayaa mar kale ugu baaqay dadka in ay ilaaliyaan Asalraacnimadu. Second maleeshiyada sii waday in ay si firfircoon u qaabaynta inta lagu guda jiro 1612 xiga, ahmiyadda ugu haraadiga ugu horeysay ciidamada adkaaday Dadka, iyo sidoo kale ku mideysan yihiin kooxaha cusub ee dayidiisii iyo beeralay oo ka mid ah gobollada dhexe. Bishii Abriil 1612 ciidamada ugu weyn mucaaradka ayaa ku urursan Yaroslavl, halkaas oo nooca xarunta ciidamada ugu weyn waxaa la aasaasay - "Golaha dhulka oo dhan".

eryidda ee Poles

Wixii qeybtii labaad ee August, mucaaradka u suurtagashay in ay galaan Moscow hareereeyey oo la hareereeyo oo ka mid ah derbiyada gudaha magaalada, waxaana ku xiga oo polish ah la waayay. dagaalka ugu weyn ee ka adkaadeen ciidankii Hetman Yana Hodkevicha oo qaaday ee Kremlin, Moscow, ka dib markii taas dhiibin la dambeyntii xoreeyeen.
Sidaas darteed, doorka maleeshiyada dadka si dhib leh waa la quudhsan karin kaydadka dawladda Ruush.