Pioneer - Horseedka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti waa ...

Waad og tahay macnaha erayga "Pioneer"? Sidee bay ka yimaadaan? Qof si loo yeedhay? Kuwani iyo su'aalo kale oo aan ka jawaabi doonaa in this article. Horseedka Horseedka yeedhay Horseedka. Oo sidaas oo loo yaqaan post military ama taxane in ciidamada injineernimada oo ka mid ah Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Empire Ruush ee qarniyadii XVIII-XIX iyo qaar ka mid ah wadamada casriga ah (tusaale ahaan, Germany).

Ugaga erayga "horyaal", qofka maskaxda ku leeyihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in qorraxda ama wadamada Jarmal sapper, ama askari mas'uul ka ah dhismaha earthworks, kallifto buundooyinka, qodayaa boholo, waddooyinka isla'egta iyo wixii la mid ah. Oo weliba iyagu waxay u yeedhaan xubnaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Pioneer ah - kooxaha reer communist ee USSR iyo waddamada kale ee hantiwadaagga, abuuray by heerka hawlaha Partio.

qiimaha

Sida laga soo xigtay reer Efrayim, horyaal ah - waa kan ugu horeysay uu jidkiisa ka dhigay in, meel cusub oo sahamin ama dalka, oo waxay bilaabeen inay u baran. Sidaas waa mid aasaaska wax cusub la dhigay oo duurka ku ah dhaqanka, sayniska ama beer kale ee hawsha. Efremov ayaa sidoo kale aaminsan in Horseedka labaduba xubno ka mid ah dhismaha communist carruurta sida askar iyo unugyada sapper ciidamada injineernimada. Ushakov iyo gubasho yihiin macnaha la mid ah ereyga. Gobolada dictionary Dahl in hore jirey sida Horseedka iyo faraska.

asal ahaan

Sidaas waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in ay "Pioneer"? Eraygii waa laga soo amaahday dadweynaha Ruush-ku hadla afka Faransiiska ee bilowgii qarnigii XVIII ah oo taas waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu macnaheedu "askari cagta dagaalyahan." Waqti ka, fasiraadda this wuxuu u dhaadhacay taariikhda, iyo erayga "horyaal" waxay bilaabeen inay soo wac Horseedka ah - dadka Saciiro tamashle cusub.

Marka dhameystirtay kacaankii Oktoobar 1917 ee Russia bilaabay in la abuuro kooxo carruur hormood ah, oo ka tirsan doonayay in ay noqon marka hore in wax walba. Waxay rabaan in hawlaha bulshada ay u waddo "jidka loo berri ah iftiimeen."

Ciidamada ugu horeysay

Horseedka ... Yaa ay tahay? All-magac-maalin Horseedka tixgeliyo May 19, 1922. Oo isla maalintaas, at All-Ruush Congress 2-aad ee shuuciga Young ku League, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la abuuro kooxo hormood guud ahaan dalka. Ururku waxa uu caan tan iyo 1924 waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca V. I. Lenina. In 1925, gobolka bilaabay wargeyska "Runta Pioneer" ah, oo inta badan affectionately loo yaqaan "Pioneer".

Unugyada ugu horeysay krasnogalstuchnikov dhaqmeen at qaababka YCL warshado ka, xafiisyada, ka qayb qaataan nadiifinta, gacan ka geysanayo qoris la'aanta, in la guri ka qabtaan. Laga bilaabo 1920. Ururadani waxay ahaayeen qotomiyey dugsiyada. Dugsi kasta ayaa xulka horyaal, iyo fasalka - xisbiga. noqon karta horyaal ah ku dhowaad ilmo kasta oo ka mid ah 9-10 sano. Munaasabada furitaankii carruurta dhaariyey ah, ballan-qaaday in "live, dagaalka oo ay bartaan, sida ay dardaarmeen in Lenin weyn, sida baray by xisbiga shuuciga ah."

Pioneer - waa calaamad u ah xilligii Soviet. Waxa uu soo xirtay kulanka cas (oo calaamad u ah ka kacaan calanka gaduudan), icon la dhiga ah "Had iyo jeer diyaar u ah!" Oo images of ololka dabka, profile Lenin iyo star oo shan geesood. Meel weyn ee hawlaha carruurta degan krasnogalstuchnoy shaqada difaaca-military: kalkaaliyayaasha koobabka ku salaysan, abid dhallinyarada, isgaarsiinta, lagu qabtay ciyaaraha iyo ciyaarta military.

mooshin

Ma ogtahay in horyaal ah - taasi waa tusaale oo dhan? Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii adduunka ee labaad ee Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq ballaaran ee Timur, uu magacaabay magaca sheekada geesiga "Timur iyo kooxdiisa", taas oo la qoray by A. P. Gaydar. Horseedka si la mid ah sida wax soo saarka ee characters caawiyay askari qoysaska naafada ah, dadka waayeelka ah. In muddo guudahaan timurovtsi leeyihiin bacdi ee Bolsheviks hore, waraaqaha qashinka ururiyo oo biraha duugga ah ee xilliga qaboobaha, xagaaga - dhigtee, caawiyay veterans dagaalka, shaqada on beergooyska.

In dalka ma jiro hab ka mid ah daaraha waaweyn (guryaha) horyaal la wareegyada kala duwan (farsamo, cayaar, farshaxan), iyo xeryaha horyaal, halkaas oo carruurta lagu guda jiro fasaxa xagaaga ay. sifooyinka qasabka ah ee nolosha ka mid ah goobaha ugu dambeeyay ee ay ahaayeen campfires iyo songs, line fiid iyo subax, (dhismaha cutubyada oo dhan), soo bixitaankii iyo jeeda calanka, ajuurada krasnogalstuchnikov (kulan u huray in mawduucyada kala duwan waddani). Ugu fiican ee loo tixgeliyaa iyo xeryaha "Eaglet" Young Pioneer "Artek", kuwaasi oo ay ku yaalaan on Badda Madow. da'da Pioneer ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey 14 sano, iyo carruur badan oo ku biiray Komsomol ah.

ka lumay

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaannu aragnay in horyaal ah - Saaxiib la isku halayn karo. Nasiib darro, ka dib burburkii ururka USSR cajiib ah ayaa ku dhawaad gabagabaysay shaqo. In Russia maanta waxaa jira kooxo hormood, laakiin iyagu way yar yihiin oo ma aad carruurta caan ah. Sannadkii 1990-mada. qaar ka mid ah qaababka bulshada isku dayay in uu badalo ururka la waayay -yaasha Movement in ku shaqeeya ee pre-kacaan Russia, laakiin waxa ay sidoo kale ma keeno wax natiijooyin ah.

publicism

Maanta, dad badan oo weydii waxa horyaal ah. Qeexidda eraygan waa la illoobay by badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ku saabsan wax badan oo ka mid ah gabayo iyo buugaagta la qoray krasnogalstuchnikah USSR, duubay, kuwaas oo intooda badan ma laha qiimaha farshaxanka. Waa in la ogaadaa in dhagaystayaasha runtii jeclaa comedy xerada xagaaga "Welcome, shisheeyaha ama vospreschon taladaada!".

In hadalka maanta, gaar ahaan dadka waayeelka ah, aad mararka qaar maqli kartaa weedha ah "sida a horyaal (Pioneer)," ie, "si ay u fuliyaan wax dishibiliin ah, Eebe adeeca." Iyo weedha ah "Had iyo jeer diyaar!" Waxaa loola jeedaa oggolaansho iyo rabitaankooda in ay sameeyaan wax. In krasnogalstuchnikov saxaafadda Soviet yeedhay dhallinyarada Leninists (taageerayaasha V. I. Lenina).

kulanka

Iyada oo formation of kaadiriinta cusub carruurta been abuurtay dalka Soviet. Waalidiinta qaarkood ayaa ka reebnay carruurta si ay u noqdaan Horseedka, laakiin weli galay ururka. Waxay lahaa si ay u qariyaan ka xiriirka hooyo iyo aabe. In USSR ah, ku dhowaad dhammaan carruurta ahaayeen Horseedka. kid First inaan dugsiga aadaan, oo uu aqbalay ee Octobrists, ka dib markii taas oo uu ku kibreen soo xirtay uu calaamad xabadka la sawirka wiil kuweyga-lehba.

Marka ilmuhu jirsado 9 sano jir, uu musharaxa la ansixiyo at unit kiniisadda, oo markaas ka go'an in ay Horseedka ah. Ugu dambayntiina, dhamaadka waxbarasho, sida "stage final of formation of ardayga shaqsiga," ayuu ayaa calaamad Komsomol.

Qof kasta waxaa looga baahan yahay inay xirtaan horyaal ah kulanka Pioneer. Waxa uu la lahaa ka dhar kasta, laakiin had iyo jeer ahayd in ay noqdaan cas. Ardayda ay awoodaan in midawgoodu uu gaar ah. Haddii ilmahaagu dugsiga yimaaddo la rumpled ah, uu kulanka si dhaqso ah ama ha iyada oo aan, sidaas ayaa loo arkaa wax ceeb ah. Pioneer mar walba in ay nidaamsan, nadiif ah oo si sharaf leh in ay xirtaan Calaamooyinka ururkooda.

Maxaad samaynaysaan oo saddexda daraf oo kulanka? Waxay farta ku midnimada iyo guulihii is saddex ka ab, ka Communists, Horseedka iyo xubnaha Komsomol. Wadamada qaarkood, dhaqdhaqaaqa in safaleeti cas oo aan wax isbedel ah (Moldova, Venezuela, North Korea, China, Cuba, Vietnam).

geesiyaal

Horseedka Soviet, dhammaado feat inta lagu guda jiro formation of taliskii Soviet, dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, loo yaqaan geesiyaal.

images ay si ballaaran loo isticmaalo in Midowga Soofiyeeti oo tusaale u ah akhlaaqda sare. In 1954, liiska rasmiga ah ee geesiyaal-Horseedka waxaa la abuuray, oo waxaa ka kooban of Honor Book of Young Pioneer Ururka All-Midowga magacaabay ka dib markii V. I. Lenina, si, kuwaasi oo ay ku lifaaqan ee Book of Honor of krasnogalstuchnikov unugyada maxaliga ah.

SOFHURA

Caanka ah Horseedka-geesiyaal of War Great Patriotic? Horeba maalmood ee ugu horreeya dagaalka ee Brest Fortress kala duwanaayeen 14-sano jir ah Klypa Petya - graduate ah Batalyankii soo muusikada. Horseedka badan oo la lahaa naasigii dagaalamay kooxaha dhexdhexaad ah, kuwaas oo ku yiil indheeyayaal iyo tif, oo ay qabatay hawlo qarsoodi ah.

Oo ka mid ah Awliyadiisa yar yihiin caan Dubinin Volodya, Kazei Marat, Golikov Lenya, Zhora Antonenko, Valya Kotik. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku dhintay dagaalka, laakiin Dubinina Volodi, ku qarxay on anigaa ah. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah, marka laga reebo da'da weyn Golikova Loni, waqtiga dhimashada ahayd 13-14 sano.

Inta badan, ardayda la diriray in cutubyo ciidanka (ee loo yaqaan "gabdho iyo wiilal ah regiments" - story yaqaan of Kataeva Valentina "Wiilka Ciidankii ah").

The Horseedka of War Great Patriotic muujisay tayada ugu fiican ee dagaalka. Sidaas darteed, qiimaha Chekmak Vilor 15-sano jirka ah ee uu noloshiisa u gaar ah si loo badbaadiyo askartii a dhexdhexaad ah Sevastopol. Wiil The qabo cudur wadnaha ah, ayuu ilmo yar ahaan jiray, laakiin in 1941, ee August, tegey duurka dhexdiisa la Awliyadiisa ah. Wuxuu ahaa ee ilaalada on November 10, sidaas oo kale ayaa marka hore si aad u aragto askartii ciqaab soo dhowaanayso. Vilor bastoolad digay ku saabsan khatarta ah jabhada ah, iyo mid ka qaaday dagaalka ka dhanka ah fashiistaha ah. Markii uu soo baxay oo rasaas ku orday, wuxuu sugayay cadaawayaashooda u dhowaan doonnaa dhow isaga, iyo isku qarxiyey leh naasiga gacmeed. Vilor waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha of War II veterans Adduunka ee Dergachi tuulada, meel u dhow Sevastopol.

The more hawlan ah Horseedka weyn? Waxay maraakiibta wiilasha markabka ayaa u adeegi jireen xaggiisa dambe Soviet la shaqeeya warshado ku, bedelida dadka waaweyn waxay tageen xagga hore, ka qeyb qaatay difaaca madaniga ah.

Saldhiga Obol (gobolka Vitebsk) ururka Komsomol dhulka hoostiisa "Young Avengers" waxaa la abuuray. Waxay u dhaqmeen horyaal Portnova iyo Siinaa, biiray madaxda sare ee dhulka hoostiisa Komsomol ah, fulinayaan ah naasiga iyo Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti, darjada abaal horyaalka.

Tobanaan kun oo nin oo dhallinyaro ah ayaa la siiyaa mudnaan military:

• Order of Banner Red waxaa la guddoonsiiyey - Yuliy Kantemirov, Dubinin Volodya, Makarikhin Andrey, Konstantin Kravchuk Kamanin Arkady ;
• Order of Lenin - Vitya Korobkov, Shumov Tolya, Kaznacheev Volodya, Lenya Golikov Chekalin Aleksandr;
• Order of Star Cas - Samoruha Volodya Efremov Alex, Andrianov Vanya, Ankinovich Lenya, Kovalenko Vitya, Kamanin Arkady (labo jeer);
• Amarka ka mid ah Patriotic War degree 1st - Volkov Valery, Klypa Pete, Kovalov Sasha.

boqolaal Horseedka la siiyay billadda "dhexdhexaad of War Great Patriotic", in ka badan 15 000 - billadda "Wixii difaaca Leningrad", in ka badan 20 000 oo bilad "Waayo, Difaaca ee Moscow".

Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa loo dhigay shan Horseedka: Golikov Lenya, Valya Kotik, Kazei Marat, Portnova iyo Siinaa, Chekalin Alexander. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dagaalyahanada dhalinyaro ah lagu dilay dagaalka ama la dilay by Jarmalka. set oo magacyadooda carruurta ka mid ah gelin "Book of Honor Ururka Pioneer Young All-Midowga magacaabay ka dib markii V. I. Lenina" iyo salaan kal rank ee "Horseedka-geesiyaal".