Benito Mussolini: Biography, siyaasadda, qoyska. Taariikhaha Muhiimka ah iyo dhacdooyinka uu noolaa

Hogaamiyaha faashistihii Benito Mussolini 21 sano garoomada Italy sida a Ra'iisul Wasaaraha talisnimo. Isagoo wiil yar ah ay adag tahay laga bilaabo da'da hore, ayuu koray caasiyiinta iyo dulmiga. Bucha, sidaas darteed loo yaqaan Mussolini sameeyey xirfadiisa ciyaareed ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Talyaaniga. Markii dambe waxa uu laga saaray ururka taageerada ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Ka dibna wuxuu sameeyay xisbiga Nazi ee dib u dhiska Italy oo leh awood Yurub xoog leh.

Ka dib markii March on Rome ee October 1922, Benito noqdo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha oo si tartiib tartiib ah waxay dumisaa dhamaan mucaaradka siyaasadeed. Waxay xoojisay booska iyada oo taxane ah oo sharciyada iyo jeestay Italy galay Dawlad-hal xisbi ah. Wuxuu ku sii jiray awood ilaa 1943, ilaa maalintii la afgembiyey. Markii danbena wuxuu noqday hoggaamiyaha Jamhuuriyadda Social Talyaani ah, waxaa lagu kaas oo xaq qaybta waqooyi ee gobolka in Hitler uu ahaa kal iyo laab ah oo ay taageerayaan. xilkaas oo uu hayay ilaa 1945.

Aynu dheeraad ah oo arrintan ku saabsan nin dahsoon oo lala yaabo, Mussolini, kuwaas oo Biography waa arrin xiiso leh bartaan.

sanadaha hore

Benito Mussolini Amilcare Andrea ku dhashay 1883kii tuulada of Varano Di Kosta (gobolka of Forlì-Chizena, Italy). Magacaabay in sharaf of Madaxweynaha Mexico Benito Juarez, iyo magaca labaad iyo magaca dhexe la siiyey oo isaga ugu aqoonsi ah hantiwadaagnimadu Talyaani Andrea Costa iyo Amilcare Tsipriani. Aabbihiis, Alessandro, wuxuu ahaa tumaal iyo hantiwadaag ah oo dareen, kuwaas oo siiyey badan ee uu siyaasadda mar free, iyo kasbaday lacag qaatay Xun. Oo hooyadiis, Rosa, ahaa dhawrsade Catholic iyo macallin.

Benito - ahaa curadkii saddex carruur ah ee qoyska. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu noqon doono mid codkar weyn ee qarnigii labaatanaad, wuxuu bilaabay inuu aad u hadasho daahay. In uu dhalinyarada, uu ku dhacay dad badan oo la kulliyadood maskaxda ay, laakiin waqti isku mid ah uu ahaa xun caasi ah oo baddelan. Aabbihiis fajac isaga hammadda ah siyaasadda hantiwadaagga iyo caasinnimada amar. dhowr jeer Mussolini laga Bixiyey dugsiyada, iska indha-tiray shuruudaha anshaxa iyo amar. Mid ka mid ah midi wiilka ugu weynaa, Mussolini (Biography muujinaysaa in uu kaliya ma muujiyaan rabshad dadka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay hesho shahaado bara ee 1901, ka dib markii taas oo uu in muddo ah qaatay ka shaqeeya ay qaaska ah.

Rabitaankiisa hantiwadaagga Mussolini. Biography iyo nolosha

In 1902, Benito dhaqaaqay Switzerland, si ay u horumariyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa hantiwadaagga. Si deg deg ah ku caanbaxday inay tahay hadallada cajiib ah. Waxaan bartay Ingiriisi iyo German. Isaga oo ka qayb bannaanbaxyo siyaasadeed soo jiitay oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Swiss, taas oo ah sababta, iyo dalka laga eryo.

In 1904, Benito Talyaaniga, halkaas oo uu sii waday in ay kor u qaadaan xisbiga SF ku soo laabtay. Waayo, dhowr bilood, waxa uu ku jiray xabsi ku baadhi karin waa kan fikirka ah ee Mussolini. Ka dib markii uu sii daayo, oo wuxuu noqday Tifaftiraha wargeyska Avanti (taas oo macnaheedu yahay "Weeraryahanka"). Taas oggolaan inuu sii kordhiyo saameynta uu bulshada Talyaani. In 1915, wuxuu guursaday Rashel Gaydi. Muddo ka dib, ay dhashay shan carruur ah Benito.

joojin la hantiwadaagga

Mussolini cambaareeyay Italy ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaan ogaaday in tani ay ahayd fursad aad u weyn oo uu dalka si ay u noqdaan awood weyn. Farqiyada u of opinion ayaa keentay in muran Benito la hantiwadaagnimadu kale, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan uu ka soo hijrooday ururka.

In 1915 wuxuu qeyb ka mid ah ciidanka Talyaaniga noqday oo wuxuu la diriray on the lines hore. darajo ee jirka waxaa lagu eryay ciidanka.

Dagaalka ka dib, Mussolini dib u bilaabay inuu hawlo siyaasadeed, dhaleeceeyay Dowladda Italy calaamad ka mid ah tabar inta lagu guda jiro saxiixa ku Treaty of Versailles. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe uu wargeyska u gaar ah in Milan - Il Popolo d'Italia. Oo 1919, uu sameeyay xisbiga Nazi ka, kaas oo loogu talagalay la dagaalanka takoorka fasalka bulshada iyo taageero dareen wadaninimo. Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee - in ay ku guuleysato kalsoonida oo ka mid ah ciidanka iyo boqortooyada. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu rajaynayay inuu heerka ay la soo dhaafay Roman weyn in ay kor u Italy.

Soo socda si ay awood of Mussolini

Inta lagu guda jiro niyad wadajir ah ka dib markii dhibanayaasha aan waxtar lahayn of War Great lagu magac-dilayo baarlamaanka ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale iyo colaadda bulshada sare, Mussolini abaabulay garabka milatari, loo yaqaan "shirts madow", kuwaas oo ay argagaxsan yihiin soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo caawiyey kordhiyo saamaynta faashistihii. In 1922, wuxuu geliyey jahawareer siyaasadeed Italy. Mussolini ayaa sheegay in ay awoodi karto in ay soo celiso kala dambeynta dalka, haddii uu la siiyey awood.

Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku Victor Emmanuel III weydiiyay Benito si ay u sameeyaan dawlad. Oo October 1922, wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu da'da yaraa ee taariikhda gobolka Talyaani. Waxa uu si tartiib tartiib ah kala dhantaashay oo dhan hay'adaha dimoqoraaddiga ah. Oo 1925, wuxuu iska dhigay kaligii taliye, Mussolini qaadashada horyaalka, taasoo la micno ah "Hogaamiyaha".

siyaasadda jiryada

Waxa uu fuliyay barnaamij ballaaran ee dadweynaha ka shaqeeya si loo yareeyo shaqo la'aanta. Sidaa darteed dib u habaynta Mussolini ahaayeen guul weyn. Waxa uu sidoo kale beddelay nidaamkii siyaasadeed ee dalka in a keligii, awoodda taas oo ahayd Grand Golaha Farta, oo taageero ka amniga qaranka.

Ka dib markii ay ka saareen Benito Baarlamaanka aasaasay Rugta Fasci iyo Shirkadaha la talinta la fududeeyay. Iyadoo qayb ka ah gobolka shirkadaha, loo shaqeeyaha iyo shaqaalaha waxaa lagu abaabulay in dhinacyada gacanta ku matalaya qaybaha kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha. Adeegyada Bulshada ayaa si weyn u koray, laakiin waxaa la baabiiyo xaq u leeyahay inuu ku dhufan.

Mussolini taliskii yaraynaysaa saamaynta garsoorka, si adag gacanta ku saxaafadda xorta ah, oo qabatay horjeeda siyaasadda. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo ku saabsan naftiisa (ee 1925 iyo 1926) Benito mamnuucay xisbiyada mucaaradka, ka erido in ka badan 100 xubnood oo ka tirsan baarlamaanka, soo celinta ciqaabta dilka dambiyada siyaasadeed, cancels qabashada doorashooyinka deegaanka iyo kordhiyaa ay saameyn ku leeyihiin booliska qarsoodi ah. Sidaas fashiistaha ee Mussolini xididaysan awood.

In 1929, uu u saxiixay Heshiiska Lateran la Vatican-ka, ka dib markii taas oo ku dhammaaday dagaal culus oo u dhexeeya Kaniisadda iyo dawladda Talyaaniga.

dagaallamayba

In 1935, ka go'an in ay u tusiyaan awoodda iyo xoogga uu taliskii, Mussolini duulay Itoobiya xadgudub ku ah talooyinka ku League of Nations. Liidata Itoobiya hubaysan oo aan mari karin taangiyada casriga ah iyo diyaaradaha ee Italy, iyo caasimadda ah ee Addis Ababa ayaa waxaa si deg deg ah ay qabsadeen. Benito aasaasay Itoobiya boqortooyadiisa cusub Talyaani.

In 1939, uu ciidamo u soo diro Spain si ay u taageeraan Francisco Franco iyo fashiistaha maxalliga ah inta lagu guda jiro Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Sidaas daraaddeed inuu doonayo inuu ballaariyo saamaynta ay.

Germany Midowga

Jiitay guulihii militari ee Italy, Adolf Hitler (kaligii taliye Jarmal) wuxuu damcay in la dhiso xiriirka saaxiibtinimo leh Mussolini. Benito, markeeda, dhuftay a hawlo siyaasadeed cajiib ah Hitler iyo guul siyaasadeed u danbeeyay. By 1939, labada dal saxiixay gaashaanbuur militari oo loo yaqaan Heshiiska of Steel.

Mussolini iyo Hitler lahaa nadiif ah Italy, ciqaabta Yuhuudda oo dhan. Oo tan iyo bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, 1940, Ciidamada Talyaani galeen Greece. Markaas Jarmalka biiray horyaalka ee Yugoslavia, duulaankii ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dhawaaqey dagaal on America.

Talyaaniga badan ma taageeri isbahaysi la Germany. Laakiin Hitler galo Poland iyo colaadda la Britain iyo France ku hogaamiyay Italy inay ka qayb qaataan colaadaha iyo sidaas u muujiyaan oo dhan ayna duleella u ah isaga iyo ciidankiisii. Greece iyo Waqooyiga Afrika ugu dhaqsaha badan ka dhiidhiyaan Italy. Kaliya faragelinta oo ka mid ah 1941 Jarmal xajisto Mussolini by inqilaab militari.

guuldaradii ee Italy iyo Mussolini ee hoos

In 1942, shirkii Casablanca ee , Winston Churchill iyo Franklin D. Roosevelt si loo sameeyo qorshe ah in ay Italy ka mid ah dagaal ka keeni iyo qasbi Germany in ay u guuraan oo ciidankiisa ku Front Eastern ka dhanka Russia. Ciidamada huwanta oo xaqiijisatay ka dhigteen in Sicily oo waxay bilaabeen inay u guuraan ilaa Jasiiradda.

cadaadis sii kordhaya qasbay Mussolini in uu iscasilo. Ka dib markii in, wuxuu la xiray, laakiin ciidamada gaarka ah German ugu dhakhsaha badan halkay Benito. ka dibna waxa uu u guuray waqooyiga Italy, taas oo weli degan Jarmalka, ayaa rajeynaya in la soo celiyo xoogga jir.

fulinta dadweynaha

June 4, 1944, Rome oo ay xoreeyeen ciidamada huwanta in ay gacanta gobolka oo dhan. Mussolini iyo sayidaddeedii, Clara Petacci, isku dayeen in ay ka baxsadaan in ay Switzerland, laakiin waxaa lagu qabtay April 27, 1945. Waa la dilay maalintii ku xigtay oo u dhow magaalada Dongo. Jidhkoodii waxaa lagu dhegaysanayay ee square ah ee Milan. bulshada Talyaani ma uusan muujin wax shalay ah ka bixisay geeridii Benito. Ka dib oo dhan, wuxuu u ballanqaaday dadka "ammaanta Roman", laakiin megalomania ayaa ka soo kabsaday dareen caadi ah, taasoo keentay gobolka in ay dagaal iyo saboolnimada.

Markii hore Mussolini waxaa lagu aasay qubuuraha Musocco ee Milan. Laakiin in August 1957, wuxuu ahaa dib-u-aasay crypt u dhow Varano Di Kosta.

Faith iyo hiwaayadaha

Sida dhallinyaro ah, Mussolini isku diin laawe ah, iyo xataa isku dayeen dhowr jeer inay ka nixin dhagaystayaasha, wacaya on Ilaah in isaga isla dilaan. Waxa uu dhalleeceeyay hantiwadaagnimadu, oo ahaa dulqaad diinta. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in sayniska ayaa xaqiijiyay in uu jiro, Ilaah iyo diin lahayn - cudur maskaxeed ah, oo lagu eedeeyay inay diinta kiristaanka ee khiyaano iyo fulaynimada. fikirka ah ee Mussolini inta badan ka koobnaa xukumeen Church Catholic ah.

Benito ahaa taageere ee Fridriha Nitsshe. Denis Mack Smith ayaa sheegay in waxa ku jira wuxuu helay xaq uu u "saliibiyiinta" ka dhanka wanaagga Christian of jacayl iyo naxariis. Waxa uu aadka u mahad uu fikradda Superman ah. On maalintii uu dhalashadiisa 60aad, ayuu hadiyad ka timid Hitler helay - ururinta dhamaystiran oo shuqullada Nietzsche.

nolosha Personal

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Benito guursaday Ida Dalser in Trento ee 1914. Sannad ka dib, labada qof wuxuu lahaa wiil, oo loo magacaabay Benito Mussolini saan. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in uu guur ugu horeysay, dhammaan macluumaadka ayaa la burburiyey iyo xaaskiisa iyo wiilkiisa ayaa ugu dhakhsaha badan u sakhiray in ay dhibaatayn halis ah.

Bishii December 1915 ayuu guursaday Rashel Gaydi, kii markii hore uu sayidaddeedii tan iyo 1910. In guurka, waxay ahaayeen laba gabdhood iyo saddex wiil, Ed (1910-1995 GG.) Oo Anna Maria (1929-1968 GG.), Vittorio (1916-1997 GG.), Bruno (1918-1941 GG.) Oo Romano (1927-2006 GG.).

Mussolini ahaa Xun yar, iyaga ka mid ah - Margherita Sarfatti iyo lover ugu dambeeyey - Clara Petacci.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

ina saddexaad ee Mussolini, Bruno, shil diyaarad ku dhintay intii uu socday diyaarad on howlgalka baaritaanka R.108 qarxiyay August 7, 1941.

Wiilkiisii weynaa ka dib markii bullying dulmiga lagu dilay August 26, 1942.

Sister Sofi Loren, Anna Maria Skikolone, guursatay Romano Mussolini. Uu maayso, Alessandra Mussolini, wuxuu ahaa xubin ka mid ah Baarlamaanka Yurub, waxaana ay hadda u adeegaya sida xubin ka mid ah Ehelu Freedom ee Chamber of xigeenadiisa.

Xisbiga Fashistadii National Mussolini ayaa mamnuucay in guudahaan Dastuurka Talyaani. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray dhowr ururada neo-Nazi, in ay sii wadaan shaqada ay Benito. The ugu awoodda badan oo ka mid ah - Social Talyaani ah Movement, kaas oo socday ilaa 1995. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ay magaceeda u Alliance Qaranka beddelay oo qoto dheer soocay fashiistanimo.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan oran karnaa: xoog, ka go'neyd in ay guul, waalan iyo xamaasadeysan oo ahaa Benito Mussolini. Uu Biography taabta taxne kore iyo dhaldhalaalaan naxariis darro ah. Waxa uu ahaa madaxa dawladda Talyaaniga ka 1922 si ay u 1943. Waxa uu noqday aasaasihii fashiistaha ee Italy. Intii uu xukunka talisnimo waxaa dhab ah laga codsadaa in ay muwaadiniintooda. Waxa uu hogaaminayo ay quruuntii oo saddex dagaallo, inta lagu guda jiro ee la soo dhaafay oo uu lagu afgembiyey.

Iyada oo ku saleysan Midkiin kastaaba haatan awoodaan si ay u bartaan macluumaadka kor ku xusan waxay noqon doontaa, waa maxay fikirka ah ee Mussolini iyo sida uu ahaa nin.