Beddelka allotropic

Allotrope loola jeedaa in awoodda atamka ee element ah si ay u sameeyaan noocyada kala duwan ee walxaha fudud. Sidaas sameeyay xeryahooda kala duwan ka soo midba midka kale.

beddelka Allotropic deggan. The xaaladaha cadaadis joogto ah, heerkulka gaar ah, walxahan waxay keli guuri kartaa oo kale ah.

beddelka Allotropic la abuuri laga yaabaa in u taagoo isagoo dhowr ah oo kala duwan oo atamka. Tusaale ahaan, ka Allena foomamka oxygen element (O3) iyo oxygen walax dhabta ah (O2).

beddelka Allotropic laga yaabaa cunnooyinka adkaha ah isagoo qaab crystal kala duwan. xeryahooda noocan oo kale ah waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, diamond iyo graphite. Waxyaabahani - carbon beddelid allotropic. element kiimikada Tani waxay sameyn karaan shan walxaha fudud: hexagonal iyo dheemman cubic, graphite, carbyne (laba nooc).

diamond Hexagonal helay meteorites iyo diyaariyey shaybaarka by kululaynta dheer sarkhaansan yihiin cadaadis aad u dheer.

Diamond waxaa loo yaqaan, waa ugu adag ee dhammaan walxaha jira ee dabiiciga ah. Waxaa marka qodista ayaa dhagaxayga weyn iyo jarida galaas. Diamond waa hufan Biyuhu walax crystalline taas oo uu leeyahay svetoprelomlyaemostyu sare. kiristaalo Diamond leeyihiin daaqaddii cubic fool-xuddun u ah. Half of atamka crystal ku yaal xarumaha of geesaha iyo geesaha of saaraayo ah, iyo badh ka haray atamka ka - at xarumaha wejiyadooduna iyo geesaha of saaraayo kale, kaas oo kabayso qaraabo in jihada koowaad ee meel dadab. atamka Tetrahedral sameeyaan Roobka saddex geesood ah, taas oo ay leeyihiin a bond covalent.

Dhammaan walxaha hoose oo kaliya in diamond jooga tirada ugu badan ee atamka, kuwaas oo u amro aad dadku. Sidaa darteed, xarunta waa mid aad u xoog badan oo adag. bond waara oo tetrahedra carbon bixiyaan iska caabin ah kiimikada sare. At diamond saamayn kartaa fluorine kaliya ama oxygen heerkulka a of siddeed darajo.

Oo aan heli hawada hoos kululaynta xooggan oo diamond waxaa loo bedelay in graphite. walax Tani waxaa wakiil kiristaalo of cawl madow midab. Graphite ayaa isdiyaarintiisana ah macdan itaal darnaaday. At taabashada walax dufan leh. Graphite ah mid deggan si kululeeyo, ayaa conductivity xad sare kaamerada iyo korontada. walaxda loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee qalin.

Carbyne synthetically diyaariyey. madow Tani adag leh luster a madxafka. Oo aan heli hawada hoos carbyne kululaynta beddelay graphite.

Waxaa jira hal ka badan foomka of carbon - amorphous carbon. Tani dhismeedka unordered waa la helay by kulaylinta xeryahooda carbon-ka kooban. kayd dhuxusha Large waxaa la helay duurka. Xaaladdan oo kale, Oo maalka uu leeyahay noocyo dhowr ah. Dhuxul matali karaa qaab danbas, char lafta, ama coke.

Sida aynu hore u tilmaamay, mid ka beddelid allotropic ee element waxaa lagu gartaa dhismeedka interatomic kala duwan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxay ka fadilnaa kiimiko kala duwan oo guryaha jireed.

Baaruud waa element a dheeraad ah oo awood u allotropes. walax waxaa loo isticmaalaa by nin tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. Waxaa jira hab doorinta allotropic kala duwan ee baaruud. The ugu caansan waa rhombic. Waxaa la matalo adag huruud ah. Rhombic baaruud aan ilmadeeda by biyo (sabbaysiinaynaa). hantida waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ka fiirsato oo ah walaxda. baaruud Rhombic waa L. in qase organic. walax waxa uu leeyahay conductivity korontada iyo kaamerada saboolka ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira caag ah iyo baaruud monoclinic. marka hore waa amorphous mass (caag-sida) brown. Waxaa la sameeyay, haddii biyo qabow ku shuba baaruud la shubay. Monoclinic wakiil cirbadaha huruud ah sida mugdi ah. Under saameynta ay daarmayaay'e (ama qiyaasaan in) labaduba ka mid ah heerkulka beddelka gudubtid baaruud rhombic ah.