Battle of Smolensk 1941: Qiimaha

In xagaagii 1941 at darbiyada Smolensk, rajo Hitler uu marti geliyo blitzkrieg u cajiib ah ka gees ah Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay ku fashilmaan. Halkan, ciidamada Jarmal tirsan kooxda ciidammadu "Center", soo galla 2 bilood in dagaallada la Army Cas iyo sidaas waqti ma aha oo kaliya laga badiyay, laakiin sidoo kale xawaaraha dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo sidoo kale ciidammada ee u baahan waxaa laga yaabaa in mustaqbalka.

Battle of Smolensk 1941 waa wax badan oo hawlaha labada weerar iyo daafac ee dabiiciga ah. Waxay Bixiyaan qayb ka mid ah ciidamada oo ka mid ah jabhada Central, Western, Bryansk iyo Reserve ciidamada Nazi, xubno ka mid ah "Center" group ciidammada. dagaal Smolensk ka dhacay muddada u dhaxaysa 10 July ilaa 10 September. Iska hor imaad u dhexeeya labada dhinacyada dagaalamaya qabtay dhul badan oo ku saabsan si ay u daboosho 650 km ee safka hore iyo ka sii by qiyaastii 250 km. Waxay bilaabeen dagaal lagu hoobtay oo weyn. Battle of Smolensk, waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, waxa uu door muhiim ah.

qorshe Jarmalka

Waxay ahayd sannaddii kowaad oo dagaalka. In July, hoggaanka Nazi hor General-Field Marshal Feodor von Bock dhigay isagoo ciidammadoodu qaybaha amarka "Center", hawsha ugu muhiimsan. Waxay ahayd hareereeyey iyo baabba 'oo dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet, si ay u sii difaaca ee webiyaasha Dnieper iyo Western Dvina. Intaa waxaa dheer, ciidamada Jarmal ahaayeen in ay qabsadaan magaalada Smolensk, Vitebsk iyo Orsha. Tani waxay u saamixi lahaa in la furo waddada si toos ah weerarkii ugu dambeeya ee Moscow.

Location Ciidamada Soviet

By dhamaadka June, amarka Soviet waxay bilaabeen inay si degdeg ah loo kordhiyo tirada ciidamada Ciidanka Cas on bangiyada of Dvina Galbeed iyo Dnepr. Waxaa la siiyey hawsha: in ay qaataan Polotsk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Kraslava, webiga Dnepr iyo hagaajin xuduudaha kuwan. Battle of Smolensk waxaa loogu talagalay in looga hortago in kiis kasta xal u ah ciidamada Jarmal ee meelaha dhexe warshadaha ee dalka, iyo sidoo kale Moscow. At qoto dheer ah oo ku saabsan 250 km ka hore 19 qaybahoodii la geeyay. Smolensk sidoo kale diyaar u yihiin inay iska difaaco.

July 10 ciidamada of Western Front, oo wuxuu amray by Marshal Timoshenko, ka koobnayd 5 ciidammadoodu (37 kooxihii). Iyo in aan ku tirinayo inuu ka baxayeen waxaa soohdinta reer galbeedka Belarus qaybo kala duwan oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet. Laakiin by markaas kooxihii kaliya 24 waxay u yimaadeen meeshii la geeyo.

The goobta iyo tirada ciidamada Jarmal

Battle of Smolensk ee 1941 wuxuu ahaa run ahaantii cajiib ah. Tani waa caddaynta ku tirada ciidamada ka qayb qaatay waxa ku jira. Iyadoo socday dhicin ciidamada Soviet, amarka Jarmal ayaa sidoo kale wada-galayn ciidamada ugu muhiimsan ee labada kooxood ay taangiga degaanka ee Dvina Western iyo Dnepr. Isla mar ahaantaana qeybinta lugta ee Ciidamada 16aad, taas oo qayb ka mid ah qeybo ka mid ah kooxda 'North' ahaa, qayb ka Drissa qaaday in Idritsa.

Sida Labadii Col beerta ka tirsan kooxda "Center", taas oo ah in ka badan 30 kala qaybsanaanta, ay ka danbayso isku xirka sare qiyaastii 130-150 km. Sababta dib u noqday dagaallo xooggan oo ku saabsan soohdinta reer Belarus.

Waqtiga dillaacay cadaawadda Jarmalka u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro qaar ka mid ah Fadilmo ee technology iyo shaqaale dhinaca field of shock ugu weyn ee.

Battle of Smolensk 1941 waxaa conventionally qaybsan 4 marxaladood. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa mid aad u muhiim ah ka barta of view of taariikhda.

Wejiga kowaad

Waxaa socday 10 ilaa 20 July. askari Soviet wakhtigan oo keliya ka tarjumaya foori in daadinnay garabka midig iyo bartamaha Front Western cadowga sii kordhaya. Panzer Group Jarmal Gotha iyo 16 Field ciidamada, wada-simaha, kala jabeen ayaa laga yaabaa 22-aad iyo jebin difaaca ee Army 19aad, oo ku yaalla gobolka Vitebsk ah. Sidaas darteed of sii naasiga dagaalka ay awoodaan in ay qabsadaan Velizh, Polack, Nevel, Demidov iyo Dukhovshchina.

Iyadoo ku guuldareysatay, unugyada Soviet oo ka tirsan ciidamada 22-ka xoojisay booska on River Lovat ah. Sidaas ayay ku dhawri jireen Luke Weyn. Dhanka kale, 19-waan, taasoo keentay dagaalka, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu u qaxaya Smolensk. Waxaa, iyadu, oo ay la socdaan Ciidamada 16aad keentay dagaal dhanka daafaca ee magaalada.

Dhanka kale, ee Panzer Group 2nd, amray by Geynts Guderian, qayb ka mid ah ciidamada uu u suurtagashay in ay isku wareejiyeen dhow Mogilev Ciidamada Soviet. Laakiin ay awood ugu weyn ee lagu tuuray in qabashada Orsha, Smolensk, Krichev iyo Yelnya. qaybo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet ayaa hareereeyey, qaar kale ayaa isku dayay in ay sii Mogilev. Dhanka kale, 21aad Army sameeyay weerar guul iyo xoreeyay Rogachev iyo Zhlobin. Markaas, iyada oo aan la joojiyo, wuxuu bilaabay inuu horumariyo on Byhov iyo Bobruisk. By falalka kuwan, oo waa la iskula ciidamada badan oo duurka ku 2aad ciidanka cadowga.

lugta labaad ee

Tani waa muddada u dhaxaysa 21 July 7 August. Soviet Ciidamada, kuwaas oo ka dagaalamayeen furinta Galbeed, helay gurmad cusub, oo markiiba tageen on weerar degaanka ee Degsiimada Aadanaha Yartsevo, White iyo Roslavl. Koonfurta, koox iyo awr, oo ka kooban saddex kala qaybsanaanta, waxay bilaabeen in ay weerar garabka iyo isku dayeen in ay ordi ciidamada ugu weyn ee unugyada cadowga, waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay "Center" group ciidammada. Later, Jarmalka biiray xidhiidhka ka stragglers.

July 24-13aad iyo 21aad Army biiray Front Dhexe. Taliyaha magacaabay Colonel-General FI Kuznetsov. Sidaas darteed of ciidamada Soviet joogto ah oo lagu hoobtay oo u suurtagashay in ay la leexiyo ah kooxaha taangiga cadowga weerar qorsheysan, oo 16-th iyo 20-th ee dagaalka ciidanka qarxay Buuloburde ayaa ka. 6 maalmood ka dib, waxaa la abuuray weli hore oo kale - Reserve. Its taliyaha ahaa General Zhukov.

Heerka saddexaad

Waxaa socday 8 ilaa 21 August. Wakhtigan dagaalka dhaqaaqay koonfureed ee Smolensk in Dhexe, iyo ka dib si Front Bryansk ah. Last abuuray on 16 August. Waxay waxaa loo doortay inay amarka Lieutenant-General A. Yeremenko. Laga soo bilaabo 8 August, Ciidamada Cas si guul leh ku eeliyey dhammaan weerarrada ka mid ah Jarmalka iyo kooxda taangiga ay. Halkii ay ka sarre ee Moscow, Germany ayaa lagu qasbay in ay waajahaan qaybo ka mid ah ciidamadii Soviet, taas oo iyaga u hanjabay xagga koonfureedba. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, Jarmalka ayaa awooday in ay u guuraan dhulka ah oo ku saabsan 120-150 km. Waxay ku guuleysteen in la wado waslad u dhexeeya labada xiriir oo ka mid ah jabhada Bartamaha iyo Bryansk.

Waxaa jiray khatar ku ah deegaanka. Tartannada go'aan ah ee South West oo jihooyin Central on 19 August, waxaa loogu talagalay Dnieper ah. Ciidamada oo ka mid ah reer galbeedka iyo Reserve, iyo sidoo kale 43th iyo 24-Army waxay bilaabeen inay samatabbixin counter awood cadowga ee gobollada iyo Yartsevo Yelnya. Sidaas darteed, Jarmalka ayaa khasaare weyn.

Marxaladda afaraad

wajiga ugu danbeeya ee dagaalka ku dhacay muddada u dhaxaysa 22 August ilaa 10 September. The ciidanka Jarmal labaad, wada jir ah ula group taangiga sii waday in ay la diriraan Ciidamada Soviet on Front Bryansk ah. Wakhtigan, taangiyada cadowga waxaa la soo dersay weerarada cirka weyn joogto ah. weerarada cirka Kuwani lug ka badan 450 diyaaradaha. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, kooxda taangiga weerar si ay u joojiyaan iyo guuldareystay. Waxaa dharbaaxo xoog badan in garabka midig ee Front Galbeed. Sayidka, Jarmalka ayaa degan magaalada Toropets. 22 th iyo 29 th Army lahaa u Dumayn for Dvina Galbeed.

September 1, Ciidamada Soviet lagu amray in ay tagaan on weerar, laakiin waxa aan ahaa mid aad loogu guulaystay. Waxa uu ahaa ku filan oo keliya in la baabi'iyo Jarmalka protrusion khatar dhow Elnya. Oo 10 September weerar, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la joojiyo oo la tag difaac. Sayidka dhamaaday ee Battle of Smolensk ee 1941.

difaaca Smolensk

taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah u muuqdaan in ay aaminsan yihiin in ciidamada Soviet tagay magaalada on 16 July. Laakiin caddaynta soo jeedisay in ciidamada Cas difaacay Smolensk. Tani waa caddaynta ku khasaare weyn soo gaaray ay sameeyeen Jarmalka kuwaas oo doonay inay jebiyaan xarunta aad u of magaalada iyo waxa ay qabsadaan.

Si aad u dhigto ciidamada cadowga on July 17, on amarka sappers Colonel P. Malyshev lahaa oo la afuufi buundooyinka oo dhan Dnieper ah. Intii lagu jiray labadii maalmood u socda dagaal wadada kululayd, markii qaybo badan oo magaalada ka dhowr jeer ka mid ah mari karin, ka dibna dhinaca kale.

Dhanka kale, kooxda Jarmalka kor u qaadeen awood ay ciidamada, iyo subaxdii of July 19, ay weli u suurtagashay in ay la wareegaan goosin ka mid ah Smolensk, yaal Dhiniciisa Midig, webiga. Laakiin ciidamada Soviet aan la doonaya in magaalada cadowgu ku. Smolensk dagaalka daafaca socday 22 iyo 23 July. Inta lagu guda jiro Army Red uu qaadeen counterattack guul wayn, oo siidaysay wadada by wadada, block by block. In dagaalka for naasiga magaalada isticmaalo taangiyada olol-tuuro. Tani farsamo ee ay olol ah buunafuufid xusuus band weyn ka tufay yimaado ilaa 60 m oo dherer ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, in ka badan kuwii madaxda u ahaa askari Soviet joogto ah duulaya diyaarad Jarmal.

Gaar ahaan dagaalo kulul ayaa la diriray qubuuraha magaalada, iyo sidoo kale mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha dhagaxa. Inta badan ka dhacay galay dhalisay, oo sida caadiga ah ku dhamaaday guusha dhinaca Soviet. Xooggii uu dagaalku ahaa sidaas sare in Jarmalka kaliya ma haysan waqti si ay u off ay dhintay iyo dadka dhaawacmay.

Oo ka mid ah saddexda qaybood Soviet in ka qeyb qaatay difaaca Smolensk, in kasta oo ay jiraan aan ka badnayn 250-300 oo askari, cunto iyo rasaas oo dhammu waxay ahaayeen daallan. Dhanka kale, koox la isku jamciyay oo hoos amarka Rokossovsky ka dhiidhiyaan Jarmalka magaalada Yartsevo oo qabsaday gudbaya Dnieper dhow Solovyov iyo Ratchino. Waa tallaabo this ogol yahay in ay ka baxaan deegaanka 19 th iyo ciidankii Soviet 16 th.

Qaybta ugu danbaysa ee Ciidanka Cas uga fogaatay Smolensk habeenkii ah 28 ilaa 29 July. Waxaa jiray guuto ka mid ah oo kaliya. Waxay keentay ee Senior Siyaasadda A. Turov. Ujeedada guutada oo intaasu waxay ahayd si ay u daboosho bixitaanka ciidamada ugu weyn ee ciidamada Soviet ka Smolensk, iyo sidoo kale iska yeelyeel ah joogitaanka in unugyada military oo weyn. Kadib markii uu dhamaystay amarka, waarayaasha waxay u dhaqaaqay tallaabo dhuumaalaysiga ah.

natiijooyinka

In 1941, kacsada kaliya Patriotic War Weyn. Battle of Smolensk saraakiishii ciidanka Cas siiyey waayo-aragnimo loo baahan yahay ciidan, iyada oo aan taas oo ma suurtowdo inay la diriraan cadowgooda abaabulan oo xoog badan oo kale. iska hor imaad Tani, kaas oo socday muddo laba bilood ah, waxay ahayd sababta ugu weyn ee fashilka qorshaha Hitler ee blitzkrieg ka dhanka Midowga Soofiyeedka.

Taasoo la micno ah dagaalka Smolenskii overemphasized. Thanks to dadaalka sarreeyaan iyo tallaabooyinka geesinimada, iyo sidoo kale kharashka khasaaraha weyn, Army Cas u suurtagashay in ay joojiyaan cadowga oo taga si difaaca habab si Moscow. Ciidamada Soviet qaaday culusi ay ka Panzer Jarmal ee Group, kaas oo doonayay in ay isticmaalaan si ay u qabsadaan magaalada labaad ee ugu muhiimsan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti - Leningrad.

Battle of Smolensk, photos of dhacdooyinkii kuwaas oo ka badbaaday, waxay muujisay in tiro badan oo askar iyo saraakiil at qiimaha uu naftiisa si geesinimo iyo selflessly macno difaacay inch kastaaba dalkiisa hooyo ee. Laakiin ha iloobin oo rayid ah ma aha oo kaliya magaalada laakiin sidoo kale aagga oo ay gargaar qiimo Abuuridda boosaska daafaca. Waxaa ka shaqeeya qiyaastii 300 oo kun. Deegaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, in ay sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay dagaalka. In gobolka Smolensk ee waqti gaaban waxaa loo sameeyay in ka badan 25-demisku iyo guuto ka mid ah kuwa ku baabbi'inaya.