Alexy, Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia: Biography ee uu noloshiisa, sawiro

Wadaad Alexy II, kuwaas oo Biography waa mawduuca maqaalkan, ayaa ku noolaa muddo dheer iyo, Waxaan u malaynayaa, nolol farxad. Shuqulkiisa tagay calaamad ah oo qoto dheer oo keliya ma aha ee taariikhda Ruushka Church Orthodox, laakiin sidoo kale in quluubta dad badan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu yahay sababta, ka dib dhimashadii wadaadnimada dadka rumaysan kari waayeen, Oo kaalay oo marka la eego oo uu ku dhaco, oo weli waxaa wareegaya version bulshada ee Alexy Wadaad II ee lagu dilay. Ninkanu wuxuu lahaa wax badan in ay sameeyaan in uu nolosha ka mid ah camalka wanaagsan, in qiimaha shakhsiga sanadihii la soo dhaafay ayaa ha yaraanina.

asal ahaan

Wadaad Alexy II, kuwaas oo Biography ka ab dhowr xiran kaniisada Orthodox Ruush, waxa uu ku dhashay on February 23, 1929 ee qoyska ka mid ah mid aan caadi aheyn ee magaalada dhiman. awoowe, oo wadaadkii mustaqbalka wakhtigii boqornimadii Catherine II qaatay Asalraacnimadu magacaabay Fedor. Waxa uu ahaa guud ah, tiradaasi caan ah dadweynaha iyo taliyaha. Laga soo bilaabo tan geesi dagaal ee 1812 oo wuxuu u tegey Ruush Riediger dhashay.

Awoowe awowe mustaqbalka ahaa awoodaan in ay qaataan qoyskiisa markii ugu kulul ee Kacaanka ka St. Petersburg in Estonia. Alexia aabihii ka bartay ee Imperial College haybadda leh ee Law, laakiin cilmiga uu ayaa hore u dhammeeyeen Estonia. ka dibna uu ka soo shaqeeyay sidii garsooraha ee dhiman, wuxuu guursaday gabadhii Colonel ciidanka Saarka. In jawi qoys boqor ku ahaa waalidiinta Orthodox Alexia ahaayeen xubno ka tirsan dhaqdhaqaaqa horumar ee RSCM ah (Ruush Christian Student Movement). Waxay ka qayb-galay dood diinta, iyo Biyac booqday tageen si ay hawsha macbudka. Marka Alex aad dhallinyarada ahaa, oo wuxuu aabbihiis bilaabay inuu ka koorsooyinka dhaqatada, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay aabbihiis John, kuwaas oo markii dambe wuxuu dhalay ruuxiga ah ee wiilka u bartaan.

Qoyska uu ka lahaa xeerkii faqri fasaxa xagaaga ee xajka si Macaabidda Yuhuud kala duwan. Waxay ahayd markaa in Alexis nolosha Pühtitsa u Xuntahay ku jeclaaday. In 1940, Alexis aabihiis amray adeegto ka ah. Tan iyo 1942, isna wuxuu u adeegay in kaniisadda Kazan ee dhiman oo muddo 20 sano ah caawinta dadka Ilaah heli.

carruurnimada

Laga soo bilaabo carruurnimada hore, Wadaad mustaqbalka ee Moskovskiy Aleksy waxaa Hawiyaha jawiga of diimaha, taas oo ahayd mabda 'ugu weyn ee ruuxiga ah ee formation wuxuu ku. Laga soo bilaabo 6 sano jir ah ayuu bilaabay inuu caawiyo adeegga macbudka. Waalidiinta iyo aabbihiis ruuxi keenay wiilka ruuxa qiimaha Christian, uu ku soo koray ilmo wanaagsan, Eebe adeeca. Times adag ahaayeen, qoyska bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ku hanjabay masaafurinta in Siberia asal Jarmal. Riediger lahaa si ay u qariyaan. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, aabbahay qaaday isaga la Alyosha on booqashada xeryaha maxaabiista u dhaqaaqay dadka Germany.

wacaya

qoyska jawi dhan Riediger waxaa gadaya oo diin, ilmaha waxaa cabbay laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda. Waxa uu jecel yahay iyo ogaa adeegyada kaniisadda, xitaa iyaga ciyaaray kulan ay. Uu confessor ayaa si firfircoon uga taageerto jiidashada wiil ee ah in Faith Orthodox ah. In 1941, mustaqbalka Wadaad Alexy 2 noqonayaa wiilkii meel allabari, caawinta adeegto ka ah - aabbihiis. Markaas ayuu qaatay dhowr sano adeegaya in kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dhiman. Masiirka ee Alexis, dhab ahaantii, ayaa lagu soo dejiyay laga bilaabo dhalashada, wuxuu ahaa 5 sano jirey oo keliya oo laabta kiniisadda.

In 1947, mustaqbalka Qudduusnaantiisa 2 galaa seminary Leningrad, waxaa si toos ah loo qaaday fasalka saddexaad ay sabab u tahay waxbarashada sare iyo tababarka. In 1949 wuxuu galay Leningrad fiqi Academy ah. Muddadan, noolaaday hay'adaha diinta waxbarasho degan sara kacaan, waxay bixisaa waxbarasho tayo sare leh si Alex. Wuxuu ahaa arday aad u wanaagsan, macalimiinta oo dhan xusay inuu thoughtfulness iyo halista. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa ma wareer maskaxda iyo raadinta, waxa uu ahaa gabi ahaanba loo hubiyo in uu iimaanka iyo uu shaqada.

wadaadka nolosha

Laakiin inta badan waxbarashada ee Academy ee A. Riediger maraa dibadda. Leningrad Gregory Metropolitan martiqaaday ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa in la amreen ka hor ka qalin. Waxa uu ku casuumay in ay fursado dhowr adeeg, uu u doortay jagada Raktarka of jannayo Church ee magaalada Jõhvi. From waxaa jira, wuxuu booqan karaa inta badan waalidka oo taga si akadeemiga. Sanadkii 1953 wuxuu ka academy ee ka qalin oo noqday musharax ee fiqiga. In 1957 wuxuu ahaa laga soo wareejiyay kaniisadda adag ee Jõhvi at the University of Tartu. Sidaas Wadaad mustaqbalka Alexy II, sannadaha cimrigaaguna in la xidhiidha doonaa mid diineed, bilowday Jid wadaadka.

Its share dhacay goor adag. Cathedral of male ah, kaas oo loo magacaabay Alexis, waxay ahayd in xaaladda dadka saboolka ah, maamulka ma taageeri tallaabada diinta, waxaan u lahaa in ay aad u adag u shaqeeyaan, la hadal dadka, si ay hawsha taagan, u tag adeegyada diimeed. wadaadkii laylis go'aansaday in aad hesho kaalmo of Wadaad Alexis Waxaan, kuwaas oo naga caawiyey u dayactir iyo in samigiisa barakeeyey. In 1958, Alexis noqdo archpriest ah, iyo hormuudka ka mid ah Gobolka Tartu-Viljandi. In 1959, wadaadkii hooyaday dhintay, iyo isaga oo horseeday in la ansaxiyo Ruhbaaniyad. Isagu wuxuu u maleeyay oo ku saabsan sida ficil, iyo haatan ugu danbeyn ku dhawaaqday in ay damacsantahay.

kiniisaddu Jidka

In 1961, mustaqbalka Wadaad Alexy II (sawir isaga oo intaa ka badan ayaa loo arki karaa in booqashada dib u eegis ah wufuud shisheeye ee Russia ka) helo ballan cusub. Wuxuu noqonayaa Bishop of dhiman iyo Estonia, waxa kale oo ku meel gaar ah isaga dhiibtay si ay u maareeyaan Sheeko Riga ah. Church Orthodox yaraanta Ruush ba'an ee shaqaalaha dhallinyarada wax bartay, gaar ahaan tan iyo markii ay relives wareega cusub oo cadaadis ku Russia. Duwidda, codsi ka yimid Alexis, lagu qabtay Cathedral Aleksandra Nevskogo ka dhiman. Isla kiniisaddu dhallinyarada helo call ka yimid masuuliyiinta. Uu kaniisadda ayaa la qorsheeyay in la xiro dhowr kaniisado sababta oo ah "wax tar lahayn" oo jecel Pyuhittsky keniisad siiyo guriga fasaxa ee macdan qodayaasha ah. Loo baahan yahay tallaabooyin degdeg ah oo xoog badan.

Alexis qabanqaabiyaa dhowr booqashada wafdiga ajnabiga ah ee uu kaniisadda iyo keniisad weyn, iyadoo ay sabab u ah warbaahinta reer galbeedka muuqan publications isaga ku saabsan, waayo, sannaddii halkan waxaa ka qaybgalay wakiillo ka mid ah ku dhowaad dhammaan hay'adaha dunida ee diinta, maamulka lahaa in ay is dhiibaan, iyo xiritaanka keniisad mar dambe soo sara kiciyey. Pyuhittsky in dadaalka Alexis mahad keniisad noqday meel booqashada iyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya wakiillada oo dhan kaniisadaha Yurub.

Alexis shaqeeyay dhiman tiriyaa qarnigii afar meelood meel. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan uu si weyn halkan xoogaystay Orthodox Church soo saaray xaddi weyn oo suugaanta, oo ay ku jiraan luqadda Istooniyaan. dadaalka uu aad u badbaadiseen badan oo macbudyo ee gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan Nevskogo Aleksandra ee Cathedral, taas oo ay muddo dheer u adeegay sidii Alex aabihiis, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1962, Kazan Church ee dhiman. Laakiin dacaayad iyo dadaalka maamulka ayaa ay shaqo u sameeyey, tirada ee Mu'miniinta ah ayaa si tartiib ah hoos u dhacay tuulooyinka ku hadhay kaniisadaha firfircoon, Archimandrite lacag content ee lacagaha kaniisadda.

In 1969, Alex saaray qaadasho dheeraad ah sida Metropolitan ee Leningrad iyo Novgorod.

Church iyo nolosha dadweynaha

Alexis had iyo jeer u safray badan ee kaniisadaha ay kula adeegyada rabaani ah iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in ay sameeyaan wada hadal la jiri mu'miniinta, oo ay ruuxa la xoojiyo. Xaaladdan oo kale, Wadaad mustaqbalka aad u wakhti siiyey shaqada dadweynaha. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay, adeegga diiniga, isagu ma uu sii uga noqdeen nolosha ka mid ah Church Orthodox oo dhan meel fog. In 1961, Wadaad mustaqbalka Alexy II, sawir taas oo aad ka arki kartaa in article ah, waa xubin ka mid ah wafdiga oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush ee Golaha Adduunka ee Golaha Kaniisadaha. Waxa uu ka qayb shaqada ururada haybadda sida Shirka Kaniisadaha Yurub, halkaas oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay muddo ka badan 25 sano, ugu danbeyn noqday guddoomiyaha Presidium ah, Rhodes Pan-Orthodox Shirka, ururada nabad, gaar ahaan Peace Fund Soofiyeeti, Fund suugaanta Slavic iyo dhaqamada Slavic. Tan iyo 1961, isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Waaxda Dibadda Church Relations of Patriarchate Moscow ee. In 1964 wuxuu noqday Chancellor of Patriarchate Moscow iyo samaynta waajibaadka kuwa 22 sano.

In 1989, Alexis ayaa loo doortay ku xigeenka USSR iyo ilaalinta ee qiimaha dhaqanka ee qaranka, luqadda, ilaalinta dhaxalka taariikheed.

carshiga raggu

In 1990, Pimen dhintay, iyo Golayaasha Deegaanka kulmay in ay doortaan madaxa cusub ee kaniisadda Ruush, oo waxaa jiray musharax ma la midbaa Ruux Alexis. Wadaad Ruush ahaa fadhiyaa 10 June 1990 at Cathedral jannayo ee Moscow. Khudbaddii uu shirka, waxa uu sheegay in uu u arko sida ay ujeedada ugu weyn sidii loo xoojin lahaa kaalinta ruuxii-kii of Church ah. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in baahida loo qabo in la kordhiyo tirada macbudyo, oo ay ku jirto baahida loo qabo in ay ka shaqeeyaan meelo ka mid ah lagu hayo, in dadka la siiyo taageero ruuxi ah ee Jidka saxo. Horumarinta isbedelka bulshada ee bulshada, kiniisadda lahaa in loo isticmaalo in ay xoojiso booska, iyo Alex ahaa ogyahay waxaa ka mid ah.

Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah in awowe baxay si ay ugu adeegaan sida kiniisaddu of Leningrad iyo dhiman Sheeko. Sanadkii 1999, wuxuu maamulka oo ka mid ah Church Japanese Orthodox qaaday. Intii uu adeega, Wadaad u safray badan in kaniisadaha, adeegga go'an, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay dhismaha cathedrals. In dhammaan sano ee uu booqday 88 diocesi, 168 macbudyo quduus ka dhigay, qaaday kun oo qiranaya.

meel dadweynaha

Alexy, Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia, laga bilaabo da'da hore is khilaafeen jagada bulshada adag. Oo wuxuu arkay uu shaqada ma aha oo kaliya in ay u adeegaan Ilaah, laakiin waxay u dallici Asalraacnimadu. Waxa uu ka dhaadhiciyay in dadka Masiixiyiinta ah oo dhan waa in la midoobin hawlaha waxbarashada. Alex rumeysan yahay in kaniisadda waa la shaqeyso xukuumada, inkastoo uu soo maray wax badan oo cadaadis uga yimaada mas'uuliyiinta Soviet, laakiin ka dib markii perestroika doonayeen inay la dhiso xiriir wanaagsan la leeyahay hogaaminta dalka si ay u wada shaqeeyaan si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyin badan oo ka mid ah gobolka.

Dabcan, Wadaad had iyo jeer difaacay QEF, uu ku hawlanaa hawlo badan oo samafal oo ka qayb qaatay in xaqiiqda ah in parishioners uu sidoo kale ay gargaar u fidisaa saboolka baahan. Xaaladdan oo kale, Alexis ayaa si joogta ah ka hadlay dadka la hanuunin galmada kala duwan oo si diiran u mahad celiyay duqa magaalada Moscow in la mamnuuco parade gay, wuxuu u yeedhay khaniisnimada ku xigeenka in wada baabbi'iyaa kan caadooyinka soo jireenka ah ee aadanaha.

Church iyo isbeddelka bulshada hoos Wadaad

Alexy, Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia, uu shaqada bilaabay xaqiiqo ah in sameeyey warqabaan xaaladda halista ah ee kiniisadda xukuumadda hadda jirta ee dalka. Wuxuu sameeyey wax badan oo in la kordhiyo doorka kiniisadda siyaasadda ee dalka, waa on par leh dadka ugu horreeya ee gobolka booqasho ku xusuus iyo dhacdooyinka rasmi ah. Alex sameeyey heshiis weyn maamulka kaniisadda waxaa ku urursan gacmaha Golaha Bishobada ', yaraynta dimuqraadiyaynta ee qaab dhismeedka of kaniisadda. Isla mar ahaantaana uu sameeyey in kordhay hoosaad ee gobollada gaarka ah ee Ruushka.

Merit Wadaad

Alexy, Wadaad of All Russia, si Orthodox Church Ruush ka dhigay heshiis weyn ee mahad kaalinta koowaad isaga kiniisadda dib u adeegga dadweynaha ballaaran. Waxa uu ahaa kii ka qayb qaatay in xaqiiqda ah in maanta kiniisadda Ruush full of parishioners, diinta ayaa mar kale qayb ka noqday caan ah oo ka mid ah nolosha Russia. Sidoo kale, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay qabtaan in awoodda sharci ee dalalka Church Ruush noqday madax banaan oo sabab u ah burburkii USSR. Shuqulkiisa sida Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia ayaa saamayn weyn ku saabsan horumarinta Asalraacnimadu, si loo kordhiyo sida ay muhiim dunida. Alexis ahaa guddoomiyaha guddiga mekonfessionalnogo "Iisus Hristos shalay, maanta, iyo weligiis." Sanadkii 2007, iyadoo ay sabab u ah dadaalka uu u saxiixay "Act on qaadanin wadaagis" ah, taas oo loogu tala galay keenista ee Orthodox Church Ruush iyo Church Ruush ah Abroad. Alex awooday inuu ku soo laabto dhaqanka ballaaran oo adag qaadan diinta, waxay kordhinayaan in Liibaan oo ka mid ah Mala'igtu quduusiinta badan, sida Serafima Sarovskogo, Maksima Greka, Aleksandra Svirskogo. Waxa uu labanlaabmay tirada diocesi ee Russia, tirada kaniisadaha ayaa ku dhawaad sadex jibaar kordhay tirada kaniisado ku yaalla Moscow ayaa kor u kacay in ka badan 40 jeer, haddii ka hor Manhajkooda dalka ay ahayd oo keliya 22 keniisad ah, by 2008 horeba waxaa jiray 804 qiimaha awowe weyn siiyey waxbarashada kiniisadda, waxaa aad u kordhay tirada dugsiyada heer walba ee dalka, ayaa sidoo kale saamayn togan ku saabsan barnaamijyada waxbarasho, oo ay noqdaan dad qiyaas heerka dunida.

sharaf

Alexy, Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia, adeegyada uu uu abaal dhowr jeer labada maamulka cilmaani iyo wacdina. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa in ka badan 40 amarada iyo biladood oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa sharaf, sida Order ee St. Andrew xiddiga dheemman, Order ee Grand Duke Vladimir, Order ee St. Alexis, Dmitriya bilad Solunskogo, Order ee Grigoriya Pobedonostsa ee Orthodox Church Joorijiyaan ah.

Dowladda Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale si joogta ah xusay mudnaanta sare ee abaalmarinta awowe, oo ay ku jiraan Order ee Merit ee Fatherland, Order of Friendship Dadka, Order of Red Banner of Labor. Double Alexy waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel State ee guulaha fiican oo duurka ku ah shaqada bani'aadamnimada, lahaa sharaf iyo Mahadnaq Madaxweynaha Ruushka.

Alexis ayaa sidoo kale wax badan oo abaal ka mid ah wadamada shisheeye, gunooyinka, Badge of Honor iyo bilado ka hesho ururada guud.

Waxaa intaa dheer, isagu waa muwaadin sharaf ah oo ka badan 10 magaalo oo ahaa dhakhtar sharaf of 4 jaamacadaha dunida.

Daryeelka iyo kaydinta

December 5, 2008 faafinta adduunka oo dhan news naxdinta leh: Wadaad Alexy dhintay 2. Sababta dhimashada - wadnaha oo shaqadiisa gaba. dhawr sano Wadaad waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin daran qalbiga oo, xitaa uu ka dagan yahay la dhisay wiish kor dabaqa labaad si ay u caawiyaan isaga fogaadaan stress aan loo baahnayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warbaahinta ku dhawaad isla markiiba waxaa jiray versions of dilka awowe.

Laakiin xujada tuhun, kuwaas oo aan ku jiray, oo sidaas daraaddeed, oo dhan ku hadhay heerka of wararka xanta ah. Dadka kaliya ma rumaysan kari waayeen in ay jirto qof noocan oo kale ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed isku dayeen in ay ka heli mujrim in uu dhibaato. aaska Wadaad ee Moscow ee Cathedral ee Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah, oo waxaa lagu aasay kaniisada jannayo ah.

Dadka ku dhow isla markiiba bilaabay inuu la yaabi: Wadaad Alexy II canonized in loogu tiriyey? Ilaa iyo inta aysan u jawaabi, tan iyo horraysay - waa geedi socod adag oo muddo dheer.

xusuusta Wadaad ahaa derdertay in magacyada maktabadaha, god, oo ah qaab taxadiri, dabar, dhowr taxadiri.

gaarka ah

Wadaad Alexy 2, sababta dhimashada, taas oo ahayd ma aha oo kaliya marmarsiinyo ay uga wada hadlaan uu badan shakhsiyadda, nolosha, camal fiican, xiiseynaya. wararka xanta badan oo laga siidaayey oo ku saabsan xiriirka uu la leeyahay KGB ah, Alexia xataa waxaa loo bixiyey farxo adeegyada gaarka ah. Inkasta oo ay jiraan wax muujinaya in shaki sida.

Arrinta kale ee xiisaha leh si dadka caadiga ah: in wadaadka la guursaday. Waxaa la og yahay in hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda ma yeelan karaan naagood, sida ay ku xiran yihiin Celibacy. Laakiin ka hor inta suufiyadoodii ah, wadaaddo tiro badan ahaayeen qoyska, iyo waxa aan ahaa caqabad ku yahay shaqo wacdina. Wadaad Alexy II, naagtii ku lahaa sannadihii uu ardayga, marna ku xusan uu soo maray qoyska. Cilmi ayaa sheegaya in guurka la Vera Alexeeva uu ahaa gabi ahaanba rasmi ah. Waxa uu u baahan yahay oo kaliya si looga hortago in maamulka boorinayaa A. adeeg ciidan Ridiger.

About nolosha khaaska ah ee Wadaad waa yar loo yaqaan. Waxa uu jecel yahay inuu wax akhriyo, mar walba si adag u shaqeeyey. Alexis ayaa ku qoran in ka badan 200 buugaag on fiqiga. Isagu waa si fiican ugu Istooniyaan, Jarmal, iyo in yar oo a hadlay Ingiriisi. Waxa uu ku noolaa oo ku dhintay uu deganaansho jecel in Peredelkino, halkaas oo uu dareemay raaxo leh oo dabacsan.