Afti degaanka

aftida maxaliga ah waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah hay'adaha waaweyn ee dawladda hoose. In dareenka cidhiidhi ah, muddada loo gudbiyo muwaadiniinta in ay codeeyaan on arrimaha qaarkood. afti maxalliga ah waa muhiimad weyn ee nidaamka dawladda hoose. Tani waa sababta ugu waynina xaqiiqada ah in muwaadiniinta ay hay'addan ay awoodaan si ay u xalliyaan arrimaha la xiriira by qeyb qaadanaya arrimaha maamulka marayo hay'adaha ku shaqada ama si toos ah naftaada by.

Aftida ee Russia, sida hay'ad, sida dimuqraadiyadda ah ee foomka ugu sareeya, waxaa ku qoran Dastuurka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharciga federaalka hore ee hadda jira ma bixiso waayo dhaarinta khasab iyo wareegsan ee afti maxaliga ah. Law in ciidamada maanta, wuxuu diyaariyaa Waayo, kuwaas oo hay'adaha maareynta ee xaaladda foomamka ka qaybqaadashada tooska ah ee dadka. Arrimaha la xiriira in ay dhaqanka ee maxaliga ah afti, sida ka muuqata sharciga.

hay'adaha waxay noqdaan baahsan ee 1980-90s. Markaas afti maxaliga ah ayaa ka qayb qaatay xal u ah arrimaha kala duwan ee muhiimadda maxaliga ah. In 95-96gg. machadkan waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa oggolaanshaha marka ee degmooyinka. In 96-98 sano. afti maxalliga ah, sida caadiga ah, loo isticmaalo in ay dhacdo formation of dawladda hoose.

sharciga federaalka waxaa ku qoran liiska arrimaha la Xarrimay in rogida of xal loogu talagalay machadkan. Waxaa ka mid ah, gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah su'aalaha ku saabsan:

1. joojinta Hore ama dheeraynta muddada xilka hay'adaha gobolka ee awoodda gobolka, Russia, gayiga degmada. Su'aasha ah haysta codbixinta hore iyaga oo ku, ama dib laguugu dhigo shirka ee maado ama degmada.
2. Halabuurka Personal xubnaha kor ku xusan.
3. Doortaan kasta oo ka tirsan iyo ku xigeenadiisa, ansixinta, dhaafitaan ama ballan, ogolaanshaha in la sii daayo ama ballan.
4. tallaabooyin degdeg ah oo aan caadi ahayn si loo xaqiijiyo amaanka iyo ilaalinta caafimaadka ee muwaadiniinta.
5. beddelka ama meel marinta miisaaniyada u dhiganta, beddelidda iyo fulinta waajibaadka dhaqaale ee degmada, mawduuca Ruushka.

meydadka Wakiilka is-dawladda hoose go'aan doonaan on dhaarinta ee aftida maxaliga ah. diidmada ahayn in la isugu yimaado meydadka ayaa sheegay in machadka la dacwoon karaa iyadoo la raacayo sharciga by maxkamadaha iyo kormeerka xeer ee. Go'aanka ah in isugu afti lagu faafiyo warbaahinta ama dadweynaha qaab kale shan maalmood gudahood ah.

Haddii degmo uusan haysan jidhka la soo doortay ee dawladda, hay'adda ayaa sheegay in la aasaasay si waafaqsan tilmaamaha ah madaxa maamulka magaalada ama degmada, iyo sidoo kale on hindisaha dadweynaha ee gobolka.

afti deegaanka isugu oo lagu qabtay on goobta oo dhan ay hayaan meydadka dowladda. Tani waa inta badan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in arrimaha lagu xusay by machadkan, saamayn danaha dhammaan muwaadiniinta ku nool ama ku meel gaar ah sii joogi on dhulka ee degmada. Intaa waxaa dheer, afti maxaliga ah - waa nooc ka mid ah dimuqraadiyadda toos ah, taas oo ka duwan tahay kuwa kale oo dhan by hiilinayn qabanaya. In si kale loo dhigo, xal ma u baahan yihiin ansixinta, iyo natiijada waxaa loo arkaa in ay khasab ah ee dadka oo dhan. bixinta dambe khusaysaa muwaadiniinta degan ama ku meel gaar ah ee deggan dhulka ee degmada gaar ah. Marka tan la eego, ka qeybgalka in afti maxalliga ah waa in deggan oo dhan, degmada, ma aha oo kaliya wakiillo ka mid ah ama mid kale oo ah meelaha ay qaadan.