Yaa u talin jiray Peter 1 ka dib? Russia ka dib markii Peter 1

Taariikhda Russia waa hodan ku ah xilliyo kala duwan, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka tagay ay ku ganaya ee dalka. Mid ka mid ah muran badan ugu abaal iyo u babac uu noqday boqornimadii Peter waxaan weyn, kuwaas oo ka qalin jabiyay oo xidhiidh la leh dhimashada lama filaan ah Emperor January 25, 1725.

Russia oo aan boqorka ah? Yaa garoomada ka dib markii Peter 1

Saddex sano ka hor dhimashadii KT lahaa in ay soo saaraan amar, oo beddelay si hore ee hadda jira ee isku xigta in Carshiga ah, haddaba kii dhaxalka lahaa ma noqon ahaa curadkii, iyo wiilkiisii Genubad, kaasoo aabbihiis loo arkaa inay istaahilaan inay mashquulin meel sharaf sida. Go'aanka Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in ina boqorka, kii dhaxalka laga yaabo in ay carshiga Tsarevich Aleksey, ayaa lagu eedeeyay in dhagri aabbihiis u gaar ah, oo ay sabab u tahay, in dhimasho lagu xukumo. In 1718 oo amiir u dhintay derbiyada qalcadda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor geeridiisa, Peter ma aanan haysan waqti ay ku yeel boqor cusub, taasoo ka dhigeysa dalka, horumarka, taas oo ay samaysay dadaal aad u badan, taliye aan.

Sidaas darteed, sanadaha soo socda ayaa la calaamadeeyay by badan oo jirijirtay madaxtooyada, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in ay ku qabsadaan awooda. Tan ma jirin dhaxla rasmiga ah ee raba inay carshiga ku fadhiisan isku dayeen in ay caddeeyaan in ay u qalmaan this midig.

Kacdoonkii ugu horeysay, oo ay ku qaadeen ilaalada xaaskiisa of Peter I - by dhalashada Marty Skavronskoy, loo yaqaano Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova (Catherine I) - keenay si ay awood ugu horeysay ee taariikhda oo ay naag reer Ruush.

Empress mustaqbalka associate waara ee kormeersan dhan-Ruush boqorka soo daahay, Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, oo noqday taliye ee gobolka xorriyeysey.

Russia Peter 1 ka dib markii - guul gaar ah ee taariikhda dunida. Si adag iyo anshaxa, kaas oo qayb ahaan lagu gartaa boqornimadii Emperor ah, waxaa haatan laga badiyay xooggeedii hore.

Catherine waxaan waayo, iyadu waa kuma?

March Skavronskaya (hadda magaca Empress) qoyska ka mid ah yaroow Baltic yimid. Waxay ku dhalatay April 5, 1684. Early badiyay labada waalid, ilaa iyadu koray ee qoyska ka mid ah wadaad a Protestant.

Inta lagu guda jiro Northern War Weyn (inta u dhaxaysa Sweden iyo Russia), ee 1702, ee March, wada jir ah ula deggan oo kale ah ee qalcadda Marienburg ay qabsadeen ciidamada Ruush, ka dibna hawshii Prince Menshikov ah. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo ah sida tan dhacay.

Mid ka mid ah version ayaa sheegay in bishii March noqday waxay sayidaddeedii ku ah Tirada Sheremetyev - Taliyaha ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Waxay arkeen Prince Alexander Danilovich - jecel ee Petra Velikogo - oo ka faa'iidaysanaya amarkiisii, gabar ka qaaday in uu guriga.

Sida laga soo xigtay version kale, Marta noqday addoommadii maaraynta Colonel Baur, halkaas oo indhaha iyo iyada saaray Menshikov oo wuxuu kaxaystay gurigiisii. Oo halkan waxaa la ogaaday qudhiisu Peter I. by

Isku daya in la Peter aan

Intii lagu guda jiray 9 sano Martha ahaa sayidaddeedii boqorka. In 1704, ay dhashay ilmaha ugu horeysay - ina Peter dibna ina labaad - Paul. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada wiil oo lagu dilay.

Aasaasidda Empress mustaqbalka qaadataa walaashiis of Peter I - Natalia A., Martha loo tababaray in ay wax akhriska iyo qorista. Oo 1705, waa la baabtiisay in gabar Orthodox ku magacaaban Mihaylovoy Ekateriny Alekseevny. In 1708 iyo 1709 sano ka dhalatay Catherine gabadhii Peter I - Anna iyo Elizabeth (ka dib qaaday carshiga magaca of Elizabeth).

Ugu dambeyntii ee 1712 kaniisadda St. John Dalmitskogo arooska ee Peter I - Catherine noqday xubin buuxda ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor. 1724 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by dabaaldega oo shir ku Marty Skavronskoy in Cathedral male ah in Moscow. Waxay taajkii gacmaha gooyo helay.

Yaa iyo markii sharciyada ee Russia

dhimashada Peter 1 Russia ka dib markii si buuxda u aqoonsan waxa ay qaadanayso in dalka taliye awood la'aan. Tan iyo markii Prince Menshikov guuleystay Nicmada boqorka, iyo ka dib ka caawiyay Catherine aan madaxa gobolka u istaagaan, su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo ku taliyaa ka dib markii Peter 1, jawaabta saxda ah waa - Prince Alexander Danilovich, si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha ka mid ah dalka oo ay qaataan go'aamada ugu muhiimsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, boqortooyada Empress ah, inkastoo ay taageero xoog leh sida, ma dheer socon - ilaa May 1727.

Intii uu joogista carshiga dalka Catherine aan, door muhiim ah siyaasadda ee Russia wakhtigaas ciyaaray Council jira oo Sare, ka hor inta laga fuulo oo carshiga reer binu Empress qotomiyey. Waxaa ka mid ahaa sida sharafta iyo caanka ah ee Empire Ruush wakhtigaas dadka sida Prince Alexander Menshikov (oo madax ka ah jirka), Dmitry Golitsyn, Fyodor Apraksin, Peter Tolstoy.

Marka ugu horeysa boqornimadii Catherine aan la dhimay cashuurta iyo saamaxay maxaabiis badan oo ku saabsan link iyo xabsi. Sababay isbeddel la mid ah ayaa ka cabsashadiisa rabshado sababta oo ah sicir kororka, oo wariyaasha ay keeni karto in ay carada ka mid ah muwaadiniinta.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la baajiyay dib u habaynta ama modified fuliyay by Peter:

• door ka yar caan ah nolosha siyaasadeed ee dalka ka bilaabay inuu ka ciyaaro Senate;

• taliyayaashii ayaa bedelay maamulada deegaanka;

• Guddiga gaarka ah ee A, ka kooban oo ka mid ah madaxda iyo Guud ayaa abaabulay for horumar ah ee ciidamada.

Innovations Catherine I. Guriga iyo siyaasadda dibadda

Waayo, mid ka mid ah xeerarka ka dib markii Peter 1 (ku tilmaamayaa in uu ka dhalay naagtiisii), waxa uu ahaa mid aad u adag tahay in la garaaco boqorka-reformer in siyaasadda wajiyo badan. From tabo cusub ee xusid mudan Abuuridda Academy of Sciences iyo ururka of duulaan ku, oo uu hoggaaminayo sahamisa caanka Vitus Bering Kamchatka.

In siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee guud, Catherine waan view ninkeeda, waayo, iyadu taageerto sheegashada of Holsten Duke Karla Fridriha (timaado in wiilkeeda sharciga) si Slesvig. Tani waxay keentay in ay xiriir murugsan oo la Britain iyo Denmark. Natiijadu waxay ahayd iska hor imaad u dhexeeya Russia ayaa goysiga Midowga Vienna ah (oo ay ka mid Spain, Prussia iyo Austria) ee 1726.

Russia Peter 1 ka dib markii lagu helay si saameyn badan ku Kurland. Waxa uu ahaa sidaas u weyn oo Prince Menshikov qorsheeyay in uu noqdo madaxa duchy ah, laakiin dadka deegaanka ayaa shaaca ka qaaday carada ku saabsan.

Thanks to siyaasadda dibadda Catherine aniga iyo Alexander Danilovich (taasi waa u talin jiray Russia dhimashada Peter 1 ahaantii ka dib), boqortooyadiisa ka qabta yaabaa gobolka Shirvan (isagoo heshiisyo gaaray arrintan ka Faaris, iyo Turkey). Sidoo kale, in Prince Raguzinsky mahad, xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee Shiinaha ayaa waxaa la aasaasay.

dhamaadka boqortooyada Empress

Catherine aan, amar ay dhammaadeen bishii May 1727, markii Empress ku dhintay sannaddii 44aad ee nolosha ka cudurada sanbabada. Waxay kolkaasaan iyadii ku aasay qalcadda.

Ka hor geeridiisii, Catherine doonayay in uu gabadhiisa Elizabeth Empress ka dhigi, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar kale ayuu dhegaystay Menshikov iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa oo ahaa ina boqorkii dalka Russia qoondeeyey - Peter II Alexeyevich, kuwaas oo waqtiga goysiga carshiga ahaa 11 sano jir.

Regent ahayd kale oo aan ahayn Prince Alexander Danilovich (xaqiiqda mar kale cadeyneysaa, kan Butros 1 ee Russia ka dib markii uu garoomada ka) ma jiro. Menshikov ugu dhakhsaha badan guursaday cusub ka dhigay boqorka gabadhiisii Maria, sidaas sii xoojinta saamaynta nolosha courtly iyo dadweynaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda of Alexander Prince ka Danilovich ma muddo ka dib dhimashadii Emperor Peter II , oo uu ku eedeeyay in ay shirqool ku dhintay masaafuriyey.

Russia ka dib markii Petra Velikogo - taasi waa xaalad gebi ahaan kala duwan, halkaas oo meesha ugu horeysa ee aan waa dib u habayn baxay iyo Isbadal, iyo halganka carshigii, oo isku dayaysa in ay caddeeyaan Fadilmo ee fasalada qaar ka mid ah in ka badan dadka kale.