Xarakada "Wilaayada Islaamiga." Ururka argagixisada Islaamiyiinta

Si aad u taariikhda, urur argagixiso ugu qatarta badan dunida ee waxaa kooxaynta "Wilaayada Islaamiga" (IG). Iyada oo maalin kasta marayay tirada taageerayaasha ay u korayo, iyo baaxadda dhulka ay gacanta ku ag, kordhiyaa. Bal aynu eegno sababaha for this ifafaale iyo ogaatid khatarta ka iman karta soo rogeen by dunida yihiin Xarakada "Wilaayada Islaamiga."

asalka ah ee ururka

Ka dib markii la afgembiyey sanadkii 2003 ee Ciraaq, Saddam Hussein maamulkiisii, wadankan waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah xarumaha dunida ee ugu weyn ee xag-jirnimada Islaamiga ah. On dhulkeeda bilaabeen inay wax ka qabtaan in badan oo Muslim ah ururada argagixisada, inta badan Sunni, sheegay in ujeedada dagaalka ka dhanka ah Maraykanka, Israa'iil iyo Shiicada ah. Mid ka mid ah kooxaha ugu xooga badan ay ahaayeen "Ansar al-Islam" hoos imaanaya hoggaanka al-Zarqawi, ka dib isu cadaystay oo qayb ka ah "Al-Qaeda".

History of IG u tirin lagu qaaday sanadkii 2006, markii ay ku saleysan Midaynta oo ka mid ah unugyada Ciraaq "Al-Qaeda" iyo qaar ka mid ah kooxaha kale ee xagjirka ah Muslim dhawaaqay abuurista waxbarashada "Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq." Xarunta ururka this aqoonsan yahay magaalada Mosul, iyo hogaamiyaha ugu horeysay - Abu Abdullah al-Baghdadi. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay, ururka ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb ee colaadaha iyo hawlaha argagixiso ee Ciraaq. Laga soo bilaabo saqda dhexe ee May 2010 dhimashada horreeyay ka dib wuxuu noqday madaxa kooxda, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, iyadoo horyaalka ee amiirka.

Parish ee Suuriya

Dhanka kale, ka dib markii bilowgii sanadkii 2011 ee dagaalka sokeeye Suuriya ee u dhexeeya Madaxweyne Assad iyo Itobiya in ay ka tirsan, kuwaasoo ka mid ahaayeen Xarakada Islamic, dalka ayaa noqday meel ay xasilooni la'aanta ka jirta gobolka. Halkan waxaan ku bilaabay inuu ku soo ururin ciidamada xagjirka ah ee kala duwan.

Ha ku sii durkaan iyo isutagga, oo uu hoggaaminayo Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. In xidhiidh la leh ay ka imanayaan ee Suuriya ayay tan iyo bilowgii April 2013 qaaday magaca cusub, "Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq iyo Levant ka." Tani waxa ay ka sasay hoggaamiyayaasha "al-Qaeda" gaar ahaan, bedelka si Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri. Ka dib oo dhan, kooxdan ilaa waqti in la tixgeliyo gacanta, "al-Qaeda" urur, laakiin in Syria, waxaa hore u shaqeeya unugyada kale - ". Al-Nusra Front"

Dhanka kale, LIH wareegay qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Suuriya. By dhexe ee 2014 under uu amar buu aag aad u ballaaran of territory Suuriya ka badan in wax kasta oo dhinacyada kale ee colaadda, oo ay ku jiraan xukuumadda Assad ah.

nasasho kama dambaysta ah la "Al-Qaacida"

Ka dib markii al-Baghdadi ayaa diiday in uu ka fiirsada call ee al-Zavahri gadaal ka tirsan ay galeen Ciraaq, bishii February 2014 maareynta "al-Qaeda" dhawaaqay jabid dhamaystiran la LIH ah, iyo in qaab-dhismeedka tani ma aha waxa ay kala qeybinta. Waxaa intaa dheer, dagaalka ka qarxay inta u dhexeysa LIH iyo unugga rasmiga ah ee "Al-Qaacida" - ". Al-Nusra Front" ururka Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalada u dhexeeya iyaga, dilka ku saabsan 1,800 oo ka tirsan labada dhinac.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo bilowgii isticmaalka hawada ku dhufto isbahaysiga reer galbeedka ee jagooyinka xagjirka ah ee u dhexeeya LIH iyo "Al-Nusra Front" ayaa lagu soo gunaanaday heshiis ku saabsan tallaabo wadajir ah.

dhawaaqidda khilafada

hawlaha military guulaha badan qeybtii hore ee 2014 ka dib markii ay xagjiriintu Ciraaq iyo Shaam, Dawladda Islaamiga ah "qabsaday qaybo badan oo Suuriya iyo Ciraaq, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan Mosul iyo Tikrit, soo socda meel u dhow magaalada Baqdaad. On ruxruxo guusha ay hoggaamiye, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi dhexe ee 2014 qudhiisu naadiyey Khaliifkii.

Waxay ahayd dhacdo muhiim ah, sida horyaalka ee Khaliifkii loogu tala galay sheegan in awoodda badan dunida oo dhan Muslim. Ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo u dhashay horyaalka, wuxuu ahaa wakiilka ah guri ammaan Osman Abdul Majid II ee, u diiday, waxaa ka mid ah in 1924. Sidaas darteed, al-Baghdadi ayaa sheegtay in isku xigta ee kushiray urub iyo, sida, dhulka hal mar gacanta ku ag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu taageeray fikradda aasaasidda khilafada ah caalamka oo dhan.

Marka tan la eego, waxaa la go'aamiyay in laga saaro barroosinka gobolka magaca ururka, iyo hadda waxa ay noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "Islamic State."

Isbahaysiga weerar cirka Xarakada IG

Maxaa yeelay, khatarta ah in ay dunida ku jira kooxda xagjiriinta "Islamic State", tiro ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka, Australia, Great Britain iyo France, ayaa go'aansaday on tallaabo wadajir ah hanjabaadaha argaggixisada ah. Tan iyo June 2014, xoogga leh waa ku dhigay weerarada cirka ah oo ku saabsan boosaska kooxaha xagjirka ah ee Suuriya iyo Ciraaq. Inta lagu guda jiro qaraxii, ayuu soo boodo oo uu ku dhaawacmay by Khaliifkii al-Baghdadi, kuwaas oo ku dhintay bishii March ee 2015. Sida laga soo xigtay version kale, waa inuusan meyd, laakiin keliya curyaan ah. Waxa uu ku guuleystay by Abu Ala al-Afri, kuwaas oo lagu dilay May 13, 2015.

guuldaradii ee kurdida

Kooxaynta "Wilaayada Islaamiga" ayaa ugu xumaa ayaa loo maleynayaa in laga adkaado oo ay taariikhda dagaalka kula kurdida magaalada Cobani ka dhacay tan iyo bilowgii dayrta ee 2014 si ay u January 2015 badan. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in xagjiriintu u suurtagashay in ay ku meel gaar ah oo qabsaday magaalada, ay markaas reebtay isaga. Laga soo bilaabo February 2015 ilaa maantadan la joogo waxaa jira dagaal for tuulooyinka ku hareereysan.

Laakiin, inkastoo uu dhowr ah oo dhac iyo geerida hoggaamiyeyaal ay, ciidamada ka mid ah "Wilaayada Islaamiga" wadi ka talinayeen deegaanno muhiim ah, oo xilligan khatar ku ah ma aha oo kaliya ee gobolka laakiin dunida oo dhan.

faafidda "State Islamic" gobollada kale

Inkastoo "Islamic State" aan la aqoonsan dalka kasta oo dunida, ka dib markii gaadhsiiyey naado ogeysiis ah ee midowga iyo guulaha ciidamada weyn ee ururka inuu ku biiro steel kooxaha argagixisada Islamic kala duwan dunida dacaladeeda, isaga qudhiisu odhanaya gobollada "khilafada."

First of dhan, ciidamada IG ay awoodaan in ay galaan a ee Liibiya. Back ee April 2014, ay qabsadeen magaalada Dern iyo Nofal, oo hadda aloosnayd Sirte. Sayidka, iyo Waqooyiga Africa ayaa xoogaystay "Wilaayada Islaamiga." Liibiya ka dib markii la afgembiyey Gaddafi bakhtiistay dagaal sokeeye oo u dhexeeya National Congress Guud iyo Baarlamaanka. IG gacanta ilaa uu jiro dhul yar, sugayaan inay arkaan wixii dagaalada u dhaxeeya ciidamada mucaaradka ugu weyn doono.

Mid ka mid ah kuwii hore u ku biiray IG ah "Movement Islaamiga ah ee Uzbekistan", madax hogaamiyaha Usmon Gazi. Ururku waxa uu hadda ka shaqeeyaa inta badan ee Afgaanistaan iyo Pakistan. Back ee 2014 ee ka tirsan Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Usbakis ayaa ku wargeliyay dadweynaha ku saabsan.

Isla mar ahaantaana ay oggaadaan ah "Wilaayada Islaamiga ah" ayuu yiri kooxda Masaarida Islaamiyiinta "Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis."

Ka dib markii kacaanka shiico ee Yemen iyo bilowgii dagaalka sokeeye waxaa ururka "Al-Qaacida ee Jasiirada Carabta" (AQAP) ee xilliga qaboobaha daahay ee 2015 ayaa sheegay in xiriirka xoogan ururka waalidka iyo dhaarta "Khaliifkii" al-Baghdadi. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, AQAP ee Yemen gacanta ku territory weyn.

In guga hore ee 2015 ururka xagjirka ah "Boko Haram", kaas oo la wareegay dalka ee waqooyiga Nigeria oo waa dagaal dhab ah la isbahaysiga ka mid ah dalalka, isu dhawaaqay "Gobolka Afrika West gobolka Islamic."

Intaa waxaa dheer, ka tirsan oo ka mid ah "Wilaayada Islaamiga" tilmaamay joogitaankooda dalka Afghanistan iyo Pakistan. Waxaa dhinaca IG la wareegeen kooxaha Taliban qaarkood. On ciidamada kale ee Taliban "Wilaayada Islaamiga ah" ayuu bilaabay iska hor imaad ah.

Sayidka, su'aasha meesha waa gobolka Islamic, jawaabo hadal keliya ma noqon doonto sida kala duwan faafin laamihiisa dunida oo dhan.

fikradaha

"Wilaayada Islaamiga" ayaa ka fikirka cidhiidhsan of Sufism iyo wahaabiyada, kaas oo kaalin hormood ah ee "Al-Qaeda" iska dhaqaaqay. Tani waxa ay soo jiidan kari lahaa tirada sii kordhaysa ee taageerayaasha, taas oo dabiici ah, maxaa yeelay, inta badan dadka reer Suuriya iyo Ciraaq, Sufism iyo wahaabiyada waa shisheeye. Madaxda IG farsamo ciyaaray on this, isaga qudhiisu hadha ee Sunniyiin ah ugu dhawaaqay.

Laakiin qayb weyn oo ka mid ah kooxaha xagjirka ah "Wilaayada Islaamiga" ma aha dadka deegaanka, iyo wakiillo ka kale dalalka Carabta. Sidoo kale wax badan oo iskaa wax ka Europe iyo Russia, gaar ahaan kuwa la dirireen ciidamada for Ichkeria.

falalka argagixisada "Islamic State" ee la xiriirta soo horjeeda iyo dadka deegaanka waa mid aad u calool adag. Inta badan ku dhaqma jirdil iyo dil bandhig.

Ujeedooyinka ah "Wilaayada Islaamiga"

Hoggaamiyeyaasha gobolka Islamic declaratively sheegay in goolkii ugu muhiimsan waa in la dhiso khilafada caalami ah oo dunida. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah, ciidamada dhihi iyo dheeraad ah caqabadaha ku dhow-dheer. Waxaa ka mid ah helitaanka dhulka hore ay leedahay Empire soo abxay, Jasiiradda Carabta, Central Asia iyo Caucasus. Kooxaha xagjirka ah ayaa sheegay in ay ka shaqaynayaan si ay u horumariyaan hubka nukliyeerka.

Dalalka adduunka oo dhan waa in ay u midoobaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada, IG ah, sida in ay meesha ka "State Islamic", waxaa iman doona dagaal iyo dhimasho.