Wars ipium ee Shiinaha

In qarnigii XIX ee, Shiinaha ayaa waxay eryadeen siyaasad ah go'doomin ka West ah. Sidaas darteed, ganacsiga soo maratay hoos u dhexeeya East iyo West. Shiinaha waxaa lagu hanuuniyey by ujeedka lagu doonayo in laga takhaluso saamaynta xun ee fikradaha reer galbeedka ah oo ku saabsan dadka reer bari. Ilaa 1830 oo kaliya dekedda Guangzhou furan in weelasha shisheeye iyo Chinese baayacmushtari lacag ah oo kaliya. Xaaladdan oo kale, iyo baayacmushtariyaashii British, doonaya in ay u saxdo miisaan la'aanta ganacsiga, ansixiyay go'aan ku saabsan dhoofinta ipium - wax soo saarka aan Chinese ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii ay doonayeen in ay leeyihiin. Ilaa 1828, Shiinaha ayaa waxaa ku hodanaynta lacagta ay sabab u tahay Xoolahooda qalaad, kuwaas oo la iibsaday by ganacsatada ka Europe.

Law of Empire Chinese ah waxaa lagu reebay isticmaalka daroogada marka laga reebo ujeeddooyinka caafimaadka. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, ee Hong Kong British iibsaday xashiishad ah, taas oo ka dhigtay gobolka Bengal iyo Malwa taladoodu hoos Company Ingiriiska Hindiya East. Taas darteed, qaadashada of ipium in ay Shiinaha ka badan afar laab kordhay. In 1833, dawladda Ingiriiska ka baxeen monoboli ee Shirkadda East India, iyo xashiishad daadadku suuqa Chinese, halka lacag ah loola cararay West ah. Tani waxa ay ahayd weeyn aasaasiga ah on taas oo Wars ipium ka qarxay.

Si dhakhso ah, 90% ka mid ah ragga Chinese ilaa 40 sano jir ahaayeen qabatinka opiat. By 1837, Shiinaha bixisay ipium 4.5 milyan oo doolar oo lacag ah, xisaabiyenimo 57% wadarta laga keeno ee dalka. Konfiskator Emperor Lao Lin Jie-chi helay in 1839 ipium Shiinaha qaatay 100 million taels. Waxay ahaayeen, ayuu hadalkiisa ku koobay in haddii tiirsanaanta ipium sii wadi doonaan si ay u faafiyaan dalka oo dhan, ugu dhakhsaha badan Shiinaha oo keliya ma aha wax ay isku difaacaan yeelan doonaan, laakiin aan wax badan. Halkan billowda ipium Wars. Tahriibka ee ipium in Shiinaha uu ahaa ciqaab by dhimasho, laakiin ka soo 1821 ilaa 1837 waxa uu kordhay shan jeer. Port of Guangzhou, halkaas oo la Shafay laaluushka, ku xigeenka iyo la'aanta ixtiraamka maamulka, waxa uu noqday hal dhibic ka mid ah khilaafka danaha ka dhexeeya labada dal.

First ipium War

In 1839, galladii ah Emperor Tao Lin Tszesyuy qaatay in la ixtiraamo baayacmushtariyaasha shisheeye iyo jaalayaashooda Chinese tallaabooyin hawl. Ayaa la xiray iyo 1,600 oo lagu qabtay 11,000 pounds of xashiishad. Waxa uu ahaa ugu horraysay ee waxa cadeeyay inuu yahay Wars xashiishad ah.

Bishii June ee isla sannadkaas waxaa la qabtay 2000 sanduuqyada of xashiishad, xiray baayacmushtariyaasha shisheeye ku lug waxa ku jira. ganacsatadan xiray ilaa waqti sida iyagu ma ay ipium siiyey in 9 million. Lacagta waxaa si cad gubay. Ipium yaynana kolna dagaal cad.

By si dekedda Lin Tszesyuya la xiray in maraakiibta shisheeye. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Charles Elliott hor istaagay River Pearl ah. Taasi waxaa xigay dagaal badda. ducaadda Chinese u yeedhay guul, laakiin hawlgalka ciidamada badda ee Royal way raaceen, kuwaas oo wada baabbi'iyey tiro badan oo weelal Shiinaha.

Bishii Janaayo 1841 qalcaddii la qaatay Bogvi. Sidaas darteed, Britain helay gacanta u qaadis ah ee dekedda. Wax yar ka dib, British la wareegeen iyo dhulka. Ciidamada Imperial ayaa si liidata loo tababaray in tallaabo military, iyo British ah oo iyaga looga adkaaday in Ningbo iyo Qinghai. Soon, ay gacanta ugu jiraan England, waxay ahayd xagga koonfureed oo dalka Shiinaha iyo gobolka Chzhentszyan.

Peace qiimo kasta

In 1841, dekedda laga iibiyay England. By bartamihii 1840-, dawladda Shiinaha ayaa lagu qasbay inay la soo wareegto tiro ka mid ah heshiisyada, kaas oo Ingiriisku gacanta ku helay xeebaha galbeed ee dalka Shiinaha. Under heshiiska of 1842., Shiinaha laga dhaliyay Hong Kong UK, shan dekedaha in baayacmushtariyaasha British kuwaas oo qaatay shuruudaha Ingiriisi ganacsiga iyo baayacmushtariyadii in ay mag ka bixiyo waxyeelooyinka furay. baayacmushtariyaasha Ingiriisi sii aan u hogaansamo sharciga dalka Shiinaha oo matali karo si xor ah ee Shiinaha.

Sale of ipium at qiimaha gorgortan bilaabay xitaa ka hor dhamaadka wadahadalada nabadda. All xadeyn ku saabsan ka ganacsiga daroogada ayaa la tirtirayaa ee 1858. Sidaas darteed, Shiinaha ayaa bilaabay in ay is-beerashada ee calaamada u, iyo bilowgii 1900 si ay u siiyaan naftooda sanad walba 22,000 oo tan oo xashiishad.

Ipium dagaalkii labaad

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaallo cusub ahaayeen lama huraan ka yar duruufaha. Wars ipium ee Shiinaha ma soo afjaro la meelmariyo heshiiskii nabadeed. In 1854, Great Britain ayaa dalbaday furitaanka dekedaha Shiinaha oo dhan si ay ganacsi, iyo sharciyeynta ee soo dejinta xashiishad, sii daayo alaabta British ka caadooyinka waajib, iyo sidoo kale abuuritaanka safaaradaha in xal Beijing.

In 1856, markabka Arrow ayaa lagu xiray by madaxda dalka Shiinaha. Waxa uu la tuhunsan yahay ee tahriibka iyo burcad-badeednimada. Mas'uuliyiinta UK sheegay in markabka ma aha maamulka sharciyada Chinese iyo dalbaday in la sii daayo ayaa baxriyiintii.

In 1857, ciidamada British ah ayaa loo diray in ay Canton. Against Shiinaha wakhtigaas ka dhanka America, Russia, France jeestay. Laakiin Britain iyo France oo aan aqoonta dalalka kale ayaa lagu qabtay dekedda leh ee Canton. In 1858 waxaa lagu qaaday dekedda Taku. Taas ka dib, howlgallada military joogsadeen. Tani waxay keentay in helitaanka 11 dekedaha ganacsiga la West ah. adeegayaashan Western xor u ahaayeen inay bixiyaan dadka Chinese in iimaanka Christian. Shiinaha waxaa waajib ku ah inay bixiso lacag magdhow ah in France iyo Great Britain in qadarka 10 million taels, iyo in la siiyo dekedda Kowloon ee gacanta British. Intaa waxaa dheer, Shiinaha ayaa lagu qasbay inay u dhoofiyaan shaqada cheap in North America, si qaaday sida dhismaha si degdeg ah oo qiime jaban ee tareenada ee United States. Wars ipium ee Shiinaha keentay in horyaalka dalka ee ay dalalka reer galbeedka, wiiqi qiyamka diinta iyo dayrta ee guri ammaan talada haya.