Waa maxay warshadan nuclear

Erayada "nuclear-nuclear" hadda waa la yaqaan oo dhan, dhab ahaantii, noqday calaamad u ah marxalad ah. Inkastoo khatarta ka iman karta isticmaalka qalabka sida, iftiinka yaraadan dunida saliid kaydka tigoodu shidaalka nuclear yihiin kuwo aad u rajo.

nuclear-A nuclear waa qalab injineernimada, taas oo dareen-celin ah waxaa ay gacanta ku fission of fissile wax shucaac ah, Ulasocto sii daayo ee tamarta. Ujeedada ugu weyn - qarniga koronto (dhirta nukliyeerka - NPP), iyo helitaanka xubno fissile culus ee miiska wareegsan (diinta). The nuclear-nuclear ugu horeysay lagu soo shiriyey iyo rido hawlgalka 1942 ee dalka Mareykanka iyada oo ay kormeerayaan jirka ah qudbad uu waqti - Enrique Fermi. Saddex sano ka dib markii ay nuclear bilaabay Kanada, iyo in 1946 - Ruush.

Waxaan la soco hal dhibic oo muhiim ah: dad badan oo aqoon u leh mawduuca, inta badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in nuclear-ka nuclear si toos ah koronto, oo ay tahay byproduct ah shidaalka fissile shucaaca. Nasiib darro, tani ma aha kiiska. In jiritaan, warshadan nuclear waa kululeeyaha weyn ah, haddii aan "reboiler" war kulaylka dhexdhexaad ah oo u qabata shaqada iyo wax soo saarka waxtar leh oo koronto ah taasi oo ka matoor caadiga ah.

Si aad ka jawaabto su'aalo badan, ka fiirso unit warshadan nuclear. Qaab ahaan, wax curinta nuclear ka mid ah arrimaha soo socda:

- zone firfircoon dhexe la Haguhu neutron dhakhso ah. Tani waa meesha ay falcelin fission ah;

- lakabka oo muujineysa neutrons. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la yareeyo mudida ee ionizing shucaaca, iyo sidoo kale kor u qaadista of rakibo,

- ilaalinta shucaaca. Sida caadiga ah, waxay keeni gaashaammadii,

- coolant. All lagu daydo hadda tigoodu waa qayb muhiim ah,

- nuclei qalab kaantaroolka ul suuska inta lagu guda jiro dareen-celinta;

- qaboojinta circuit,

- hab ay of ay gacanta fog.

Waayo, hawlgalka kululeeyaha tigoodu nuclear isticmaalo biraha culus - uranium-233, 235 ama plutonium-239. Guryaha ah ah walxahaasi waa in unit kasta oo waqti in ay qaab-dhismeedka qaaradda Oo Qaliin daatay lama filaan ah (qaybsama). In habkan, ka nuclei of atamka ka sii daayay neutrons. Atom laga badiyay (helay) neutron waxaa beddelay element kale oo miiska wareegsan. Tusaale ahaan, hab ee Uranium-Plutonium-238 waxaa loo diyaariyaa 239. Isudheeli on atamka xiga ee wax lagu shido, waa, si ay u sii daayo xawaaraha sare neutrons ay dheeraad mahad. Total kordhay horumarka - bilaabataa cadaanyo silsilad of a fission. Haddii marxaladan ma inay qaado talaabo ay xeerka, natiijada waa reaction silsilad nuclear caasiyoobay, oo ay la socdaan daayo gebiyo xaddi weyn ee tamarta (qarax nuclear) ah.

Si loo xakameeyo isticmaalka laba hab qabanaya - bandhigid galay xudunta Haguhu ah taas oo yaraynaysa neutron xawaaraha is-karana si loo farsameeyo iyo galaya tirada doonayo ee ulood gacanta (cadmium ama boron) dhuuqin neutrons xad-dhaaf ah.

In suuska ee nuclei abuuraa kulaylka, taas oo maraysa wareegaya dareere kala iibsiga kulaylka (biyaha), waxaa lagu beddelay uumi isku bedbedeli doono marawaxadaha iyo matoor koronto.

Qorshahani wuxuu aasaasiga ah. Waxaa jira noocyo dhowr ah waxaa ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, biyo-coolant laga yaabaa in dabiiciga ah ama karkaraya cadaadis. dambe waxa uu ka dhigayaa suurto gal ah si aad u hesho superheated uumi, waxtarka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, biyo - ma nooca kaliya ee coolant (waxaa laga yaabaa in gaas ama bir dareere ah). Sidoo kale, in versions qaar ka mid ah tigoodu retardant looma isticmaalo.