Waa maxay spermatogenesis? go'aaminta muddooyinka

In jidhka dumarka iyo ragga si joogto ah geeddi-socodka ah ee koriinkedu of gametes. Oo haddii dhan Xaakimkii arrintan la xiriira waa cad yahay oo ku filan, nimankii sii qarsoodiga ah. Waa lagama yaabo in qof ka fog daawo si dhab ah yaabay waxa spermatogenesis. Laakiin in ay fikrad ah waxa uu noqon lahaa fiican si loo ballaariyo aqoonta guud iyo faham wanaagsan ee ay jirka u gaar ah.

qeexid

Bilow dalxiiska impromptu this galay bayoolaji iyo histology fiican salka aragtida. Sidaas daraaddeed, waa maxay spermatogenesis? Marxaladani waxay, taas oo waa wax soo saarka dhamaadka dhibic ah. Dhammaan marxaladaha kala duwan ee ay gacanta ku hormoonnada iyo habka dareemayaasha jirka.

wareegga waxay socotaa ilaa sagaashan maalmood. Tani waa saddex jeer ka badan dumarka, laakiin unugyada jeermiga hagaagaan, sidoo kale, dhowr amarrada weyn magnitude. At saacad kasta oo ka mid ah 90-ka maalmood ee testis ku bislaadaa boqol oo milyan oo manida firfircoon. Heerkulka ugu raaxo, waayo, geedi - 34-35 degrees Celsius.

Spermatogenesis loo qaybin karaa saddex weji ama xilliyada:

- badashada;
- meiosis;
- spermatogenesis.

muddooyinka

Waa maxay spermatogenesis? Tani habka isku xig xiga yada iyo taas oo uu leeyahay tallaabo. Bayoolajiga jira afar nooc oo isbeddel ah ee nudaha ku,

- isku dhufasho ee unugyada,
- koritaanka;
- fulan;
- formation of manida.

qaadataa All this meel ee tubules seminiferous, oo ku yaalla gudaha xiniinyaha. Lakabka sare ee unugyada la xirrira derbiga embriyaha, - spermogonii. Waxay had iyo mitotically kala qaybsan. Marxaladani waxay ka bilaabataa dhalmada ka hor iyo ka sii ilaa shan iyo labaatan sannadood. Unugyada sidaas si degdeg ah in muddada waqtiga loo yaqaan muddada dhalmo kala qaybiyaan.

Ka dib bilawga spermatogonia qaangaadhnimada qaybiyay laba qaybood:

- kuwa sii wadaan inay qaybsadaan;
- Kuwa ay u guureen xarunta of tubule ee aaga koritaanka.

At meesha cusub unugyada cabbirkoodu wuu kordhaa, waxay leeyihiin cytoplasm a qani ku yahay nafaqo. Of spermatogonia waxaa loo beddelaa spermatocytes amarka ugu horeysay. Muddadan, spermatogenesis ka spermatocytes kasta la aasaasay laba shuraakada, iyo iyaga oo ka ayaa spermatids hore u helay.

Spermatids ka dibna si siman u badan testis ah, xaareysa waxaa ka gudihiisa. Oo markii ay si tartiib tartiib ah u hagaagaan galay shahwad, taasoo ku dhacaa deferens ah, ka dibna - in kaadi mareenka.

badashada

On xuub ugu weyn ee tubules seminiferous waxaa lagu abaabulaa spermatogonia, kuwaas oo tiradoodu waqti of koriinkedu galmada gaari karaan billion. Sida laga soo xigtay qaababka ay morphological ay wadaagaan:

- in unugyada light of nooca A,
- mugdi ah unugyada nooca A,
- nooca gacanta B.

spermatogonia Dark waa siyaado, iyagu waa inert ku jira xaalad ah ka hor inta la joogo marka ay u baahan yihiin baxdo (ka dib markii cudurka daran ama cindiga). unugyada Bright si joogto ah u kala qaybiyaan mitotically iska dhigaya unugyada A iyo nooca-B.

Sidaas darteed of spermatogenesis in xilligii embriyaha, oo laga bilaabo dhalashada ilaa 14 sano, waayo, dadkii ururtay pool badan unugyada in la kala karaa shahwada. Tani waxa ay siinaysaa bacriminta dheer oo ka badan dumarka (ukunta 300 oo kaliya, oo iyagu ma ay wadaagaan).

Meiosis: spermatogenesis

Spermatogonia la xiriira unugyada nooca-B dhawr jeer ugu horeysay kala qaybsan yihiin by maytosis oo noqday si spermatocyte ugu horeysay. cell Tani, markeeda, waxaa sidoo kale kala qaybiyey, laakiin aan isku, iyo meiosis. Dhammaadka Marxaladda koowaad loo sameeyay laba unugyada gabadhiisa - ka spermatocytes si labaad, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka kooban yahay tiro kala badh ka mid ah koromosoomyada. Heerka labaad waxa uu dhamaado foomka laba spermatids ka spermatocytes kasta.

Wadar ah afar unugyada cusub oo ka soo jeeda mid ka mid ah. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay a haploid ee koromosoom, waxaana laga yaabaa in mustaqbalka ka qayb unugyada labka iyo dheddiga ah ee ukunta.

spermatogenesis

Si ka duwan oogenesis spermatogenesis ka in finalka ay leeyihiin waa in unugyada yaryar sida badan ku jiri kara macluumaad hidde, ma ahan oo keliya mid ka mid ah, laakiin waa weyn oo ay ka buuxaan nafaqooyinka.

Si aad u soo baxay spermatocytes shahwada, waa in uu ku mari taxane ah oo isbedel morphological weyn. spermatid kasta waxa uu ku yaalaa ee soo socota si ay unugyada Sertoli, halkaas oo ay "ku bislaadaa". cell fekrado First, ka dibna la jiido waxay u muuqataa dhagaxyada acrosomal ah. inclusions waxa lagu soo shiriyey on mid ka mid ah ulaha gacanta, iyo uu jiro "cap acrosomal".

Mitochondria waxaa aruurshey dhexe ee gacanta, inay lasoo wareegi doonto shahwada hore. cytoplasm ay sii fidin, iyo badhidii waxaa la aasaasay. Marka gacanta ayaa helay qaab caan ah, koriinkedu la dhamaystiro, iyo waxa ay qaadataa ay meel on dusha hoose oo xadhig ah spermatic.

Features of formation of unugyada

Waa maxay spermatogenesis? - geeddi-socodka ah, kuwaas oo ugu weyn Ujeedada waa soo bixitaanka of a unugyada jeermiga caafimaad baaluq, waxay leeyihiin xaddiga saxda ah ee macluumaad hidde. Geedi socodka oo dhan muuqaalka manida ee unugyada asalka qaadataa muddo bil ah.

Waxa uu ku dhexsameeysmo by ensaymes gaar ah, kuwaas oo kaa caawin in la helo ukun, u hesho in ay, milaan galkii ka ilaaliya iyo foomka saygoot ah in unugyada jeermiga lab. Waxay ku urursan yihiin furka acrosomal isla, kaas oo horay loo wada hadleen kor ku xusan.

Muuqaal kale oo waa motility shahwada. The guuro ugxanta ka ugxan in tube ugxanta iyo ilmo-galeenka gudahood oo kaliya iyada oo la dhexgalo fimbriae, mooshin translational ee tuubooyinka cilia iyo peristalsis. Shahwada sidoo kale waxa uu dabada ah, kaas oo u dhaqmo sida flagellum ah, iyo riixo weeraryahanka inta kale ee unugyada.

Tayada iyo meelmar ah manida saamayn ku soo dhaweynta ka mid ah daawooyinka, khamriga, daroogada iyo tubaakada, iyo arrimo kale oo exogenous iyo qoomiyadda.

ARIMAHA RAADAYNAYA habka

Dhamaan unugyada jeermiga iyo spermatogenesis ay aad xasaasi u ah saamaynta arrimaha loo kasin. Ku xadgudubka hannaanka this at qaar ka mid ah marxaladaha ay keeni kartaa in bacriminta ama dhalmo la'aan dhimay.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in jinsi xoog waxaa guud ahaan loo arkaa in ay unshakable eego caafimaadka, jidhka lab waa mid aad u xasaasi u ah hoos u ah ee heerkulka jirka iyo cudurada viral. qabow caadi ah oo ku filan la yar hyperthermia ah, in la burburiyo qorshaha ay ku uuraysato ilmaha muddo saddex bilood ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed, nin waa inaad dhawrtaan oo talooyin ee aasaasiga ah ee alaabooyinka jidhka loo ilaalin shaqada taranka muddo dheer:

- kiis kasta oo aan in ay xirtaan dharka kugu dhejisan, taas oo curyaamin kara socodka dhiigga iyo degaanka kordhiyo heerkulka,
- fogaado booqasho joogto ah si ay u Baraakada iyo bad;
- si taxadir leh in ay qaataan antibiotics, daawooyinka anti-hormoon.

Qaar ka mid ah haweenka ka welwelsan tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay ku guuldareystaan inay uuraystaan, isku dayayaan in ay saamayn jirka oo lab ah si loo hagaajiyo shahwada. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay ballaadhiyaan cunto, la siiyo ilaa caadooyinka xun, si looga fogaado in kacmaha badan ee dawooyinka, cabbin shaah dhirta halkii kafeega, jimicsi, iyo xilliyo tag massage ah.

habab dheeraad ah ee gaadhista

Oogenesis iyo spermatogenesis kiimikaysan loo hagaajin karaa. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, fuliyaan hawlgalayaasha kicinta hormoon ee rugaha daawo qoyska. Sida caadiga ah, nidaamyada sida loo sameeyo kuwa lamaane kuwaas oo go'aansaday in ay ilmo by IVF (giisa iyo dheddiga) ama ICSI (duray shahwada intracellular).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamka oo kale waa ammaan ahayn labadaba la-hawlgalayaasha, oo kiciya aan dabiici ahayn la xakameeyo soo saarka ee hormoonnada u gaar ah iyo dhalmo la'aan sii xumayn. dardargelinta dabiiciga ah ee spermatogenesis dhacdaa ragga ku jira jacayl. maskaxda daydaa hormoonnada badan oo kala duwan in loo hagaajiyo ma aha oo kaliya tayada iyo tirada shahwada, laakiin sidoo kale la xoojiyo nidaamka difaaca jirka, kordhin muruq iyo dardar-shiid.

shahwada

In si ay u saamayn taranka iyo wax soo saarka shahwada, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qabtaan falanqaynta ah oo shahwo ah. daraasaddan faahfaahsan si loo ogaado tirada tayada manida firfircoon, loo ogaado isbedel bahal marxalad hore (haddii ay jirto).

In shahwo caadi ah waa dareere cad ama grayish isagoo ashitada dhexdhexaad ah. In hal mililitir waa ku jira oo aan ka yarayn 20 milyan oo manida, iyo in ka badan 25 boqolkiiba oo ka mid ah waa in ay mobile. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, tirada unugyada caadiga ah ku haboon iyo dheddiga waa inuu ugu yaraan nus ka mid ah wadarta guud. Sida laga soo xigtay heerarka Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka, oo ku saabsan boqolkiiba konton shahwada waa nool yahay oo ma laha wax isdaba in fataahadda. The shahwada loo ogol yahay joogitaanka Fudud ee unugyada ku wareegsan iyo leukocytes. Unugyada cas dhiig, macrophages, iyo corpuscles amyloid ma waa la soo dhaweynayaa.

Kala tilmaamayaasha shahwada sida:

- normogramma;
- oligospermia - qadar yar oo ah shahwada,
- polyspermy - badan oo shahwo;
- viskozipatiya - nafwaayay xad-dhaaf ah;
- oligozoospermia - shahwada hooseeyo tirin,
- azoospermia - ma manida ee dareeraha,
- asthenozoospermia - muddaada morphologically spermatozoa unmodified.

Waxaa jira fursado kale, laakiin tani waa kiisaska ugu badan.