Igil History: taariikhda aasaaska, qaab dawladda

kooxda argagixisada Islaamiyiinta LIH khubaro badan loo arkaa khatar ugu weyn ee dunida maanta. Ururku wuxuu soo muuqday gacanta u gaar ah oo "al-Qaeda", laakiin waxay noqotay ciidan si buuxda u madax banaan. Haddaba waxaa ugu weyn ururka argagixisada ee dunida. igil History noqon doonaa mawduuca of our waxbarasho.

Background on LIH

First, aan ka ogaado waxa sababay ayaa ah ee LIH, waxa asalka ay formation. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaan yeelan doonaa in la eego 90 sano ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

At group xididka, taasi oo markii dambe loo beddelaa LIH ah, wuxuu ahaa Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. wuxuu ku dhashay 1966, ee uu dhalinyarada, la diriray ciidankii Soviet in Afghanistan. Ka dib markii si Urdun soo laabtay ku hawlan hawlaha soo horjeeday taliskii ee dalka u degsan, tan iyo 1992, ayaa maray toddobadii sannadood oo xadhig ah.

Sanadkii 1999, isla markiiba ka dib markii uu sii daayo, al-Zakravi aasaasay ururka Islaamiga ah garabka Salafi, kaas oo qaatay magaca "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad". Ujeedada asalka ah ee kooxda oo intaasu waxay ahayd inay afgembiyaan qoyska reer boqor ee Urdun, kuwaas oo, sida ay al-Zakravi, sameeyay siyaasadaha soo horjeeda diinta islaamka. In urur oo intaasu waxay ahayd aasaaska on taas oo ay u sameeyaan a LIH "dawladda" mustaqbalka.

Ka dib markii uu biloowday howlgalka Maraykanka ee Ciraaq sannadkii 2001, wakiilo ka socda ururka "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" bilaabay hawl dhulka ee dalka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in al-Zarqawi ayaa noqday waqtigan mid ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha iyo kooxaha kale ee waaweyn "Ansar al-Islam." Waxay inta badan u dhaqmeen ee gobollada Sunni ee Ciraaq Kurdistan Ciraaq iyo. Waxaa loo arkaa hogaamiye rasmi ah Faraj Ahmad Nazhmuddinov, oo ku yaalla xabsiga Norway oo halkaas hawlaha maamulka "Ansar Al-Islam." Laga soo bilaabo 2003 ilaa 2008 kooxda qaatay magaca "Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna", laakiin ka dibna ku soo laabtay magaceeda la soo dhaafay. Ka dib markii fara gelin ku sameeyeen ciidamada huwanta ah ee Ciraaq sanadkii 2003, qaar badan oo ka mid ah dagaalyahanadooda ku biiray madaxda sare ee ururka "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad". Currently, "Ansar al-Islam" waa mid ka mid ah xulafadooda ugu muhiimsan igil.

Isbahaysiga ayaa la "Al-Qaacida"

Waxa ay ahayd ka dib markii la afgembiyey hogaamiyaha Ciraaq Saddam Hussein sanadkii 2003, ururka "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" istawooday wadankan. Waxay qabtay taxane ah oo weeraro argaggixiso-profile sare, ku tilmaamay steel chip la xukuno dil ah by wiilo. Later dhaqan this lagu hoobtay, kaas oo ahaa ujeedada cabsi, korsaday dhaxla ururka "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" - isutagga ee LIH. "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" waxa uu noqday ciidanka ugu weyn ee dawladda ka soo horjeeda ee Ciraaq, kaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in la afgembiyo dowladda KMG ah, burburinta taageerayaasha shiico, iyo dhismaha dawlad Islaami ah.

Sannadkii 2004, al-Zarqawi siiyey dhaartii of daacad u ah hogaamiyaha dunida ee ugu weyn waqtiga ururka xagjirka ah ee Islaamka "Al Qaacida" Osama bin Laden. Tan iyo markaas, kooxda "DHUFEYSKA MUSLINKA iyo Jihad" noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "al-Qaacida ee Ciraaq." Taariikhda igil tan iyo wakhtigaas ayaa wareega cusub.

kooxda sii kordheysa hogaaminayo al-Zarqawi bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan habab argagixiso in aan ciidamada Mareykanka, iyo Ciraaq - inta badan Shiites. Tani waxay sababtay hoos u dhac in ay caanka ah ee "al-Qaeda ee Ciraaq" ka mid ah dadka deegaanka. Inuu ku soo laabto ratings iyo xoojiyaan ciidamada caabinta isbahaysiga ee 2006, Zarqawi abaabulay ah "shirkii wadatashiga ee Mujaahidiinta", kaas oo ka mid ah, marka lagu daro "Al Qaacida", 7 kooxo kale oo waaweyn Islaamiga Sunni.

Laakiin June 2006, al-Zarqawi ayaa la dilay iyadoo ay sabab u qaraxii by diyaaradaha American. Waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyaha cusub ee ururka, Abu Ayyub al-Masri.

Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq

Ka dib markii laga reebay sheekada Zarqawi mar kale ay jihada bedelay igil. Wakhtigan, waxaa caadi u ah in ay jebiyaan la "Al-Qaacida".

Bishii Oktoobar 2006, ee "Shura Council of Mujaahidiinta," naadiyey abuuritaanka State Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq (ISI), oo ah inay sidaa sameeyaan on iyaga u gaar ah, oo aan sugin oggolaanshaha oo ka mid ah hoggaanka "Al-Qaacida". Laakiin waxaa jiray weli ka fog nasasho leh ururka argagixisada ah.

Caasimadda ah ee this "dawladda" ayaa lagu naadiyey magaalada Ciraaq of Baquba. Marka hore waxa uu ahaa Amiirka Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, la soo dhaafay kuwaas oo aan ogahay kaliya in uu yahay muwaadin u dhashay Ciraaq iyo madaxa hore ee "Mujaahidiinta Golaha Shuurada." In 2010, lagu dilay Tikrit dib markii weerar gantaal Ciidamada Maraykanka Ciraaq a. Isla sanadkaas ayuu la dilay oo amiir u ahaa "al-Qaeda ee Ciraaq," Abu Ayyub al-Masri, oo sidoo kale loo arkaa mid ka mid ah madaxda ISI.

New ISI Emir noqday deggan Ciraaq, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, hore ku jira xerada fiirsashada American looga shakiyay xag-jirnimada. Hogaamiyaha "al-Qaeda ee Ciraaq" uu noqdo ninka Abu Suleiman al-Naser. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa loo magacaabay taliyaha ciidamada si IGI, iyo in 2014 noqday madaxa golaha milatariga ee gobolka Islamic.

Waxbarashada LIH

Dhacdo igil urur ahaan, sida aan soo aragnay, taariikhda dib dheeraad ah tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii XXI ah, laakiin magaca dhabta ah u muuqday oo kaliya in 2013th April, markii ISI kordhisay howlaha ay ka Syria, taas oo ah, dalalka Levant. Sidaa darteed LIH oo u taagan - Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq iyo Shaam. magaca ururka this in tarjumaadda Carabiga - Daishev. LIH dhow isla markiiba, wuxuu bilaabay howl firfircoon dalka reer Suuriya, ayaa bilaabay inuu soo jiito iyo aad u badan dagaalyahano ka kooxaha kale ee Islaamiga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ururka waxay bilaabeen inay soo jabay ciidamada oo ka mid ah Midowga Yurub, Maraykanka, Ruushka iyo dalal kale.

Suuriya Ciqaahtii in dagaal sokeeye oo lagu hoobtay ee u dhexeeya ciidamada dowladda Madaxweyne Assad iyo tiro ka mid ah kooxaha ka soo horjeeda dowladda noocyo kala duwan ah. Sidaa darteed, LIH Suuriya si fudud u awoodaan in ay gacanta ku qaybo badan oo dalka ah. Gaar ahaan si guul leh ku shaqeeya ururka this ee 2013-2014. Caasimadda kacsanayd ka Baquba magaalada ahaa Suuriya ee reer Ar Raqqah.

At aagga igil waqti isku mid ah ay gaareen ballaarinta ugu badnaan iyo Ciraaq. Group in ay helaan inay maamulaan inta badan gobolka oo dhan ee Anbar, iyo sidoo kale magaalooyin muhiim ah oo Tikrit iyo Mosul intii uu socday kacdoonkii ka dhanka ah dowladda shiico ah Ciraaq.

bixitaanka final ka "Al-Qaacida"

Marka hore, ee "gobolka" LIH isku dayeen in ay u dhaqmaan ee isbahaysiga ciidamada kale ee mucaaradka ah ee Suuriya ka dhanka Syria, laakiin January 2014 galay khilaaf furan oo sita ciidamada mucaaradka ugu weyn - ciidamada xorta Syria.

Dhanka kale, waxaa jiray nasasho kama dambays ah la igil "Al-Qaacida". hoggaanka la soo dhaafay dalbaday in IG ayaa keenay Xarakada Suuriya oo ku soo laabtay Ciraaq. koox oo keliya "Al-Nusra Front" wakiilka kaliya ee "Al Qaacida" ee Suuriya waa in ay u dhaqmaan. Waxa ay ahayd tii rasmi ah ku matalayay ururka caalamiga ah ee argagixisada ah ee dalka. LIH diiday in ay u hoggaansamaan shuruudaha maamulka "al-Qaacida". Sidaas darteed, in February 2014, "Al-Qaacida" ayuu yiri waxa ay leedahay waxba kuma laha LIH oo sidaas daraaddeed ma xukumi karo ururka iyo mas'uul ka ah falalka ay noqon.

Wax yar ka dib dagaal ka biloowday xagjiriinta u dhexeeya Daishev iyo "Al-Nusra Front."

dhawaaqidda khilafada

igil History qaadataa miisaanka ah gebi ahaan kala duwan, ka dib markii gaadhsiiyey naado ogeysiis ah ee midowga ah. Oo waxaa dhacday in dhamaadka June 2014. Sidaas darteed, ururka bilaabay inuu codsan ma aha oo kaliya in ay hoggaanka gobolka, iyo eegidda ee dunida Islaamka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la dhiso khilafada ah caalamka oo dhan. Ka dib markii in ay si fudud u noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "dawlad Islaami ah" (IG) oo aan la tilmaamayo gobolka gaar ah. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi qaaday horyaalka ee Khaliifkii.

Farriin of midowga ah, oo gacanta ku hal, ka qayb qaatay tan iyo xoojinta weyn ee maamulka IG ayaa indhaha xagjiriinta badan oo Muslim ah in, taas oo keentay in la kordhiyo socodka Xarakada doonaya inuu ku biiro kooxda. Laakiin dhanka kale, waxaa sababay kororka weyn in iska hor imaad la ururada kale ee Islaamiga ah in aadan rabin in aad aqbasho eegidda ee IG ah.

xulafadooda Operation ka dhanka ah IG

Dhanka kale, beesha caalamka ayaa si isa soo taraysa ogyahay khatarta ay Dawladda Islaamiga ah, maxaa yeelay, meesha LIH sii waday in ay si tartiib ah u kordhi.

Tan iyo bartamihii 2014-Maraykanka ayaa bilaabay in ay bixiyaan gargaar military si toos ah Dowladda Ciraaq si ay ula IG qaban. Wax yar ka dib soo dhexgalay in colaadda, Turkey, Australia, France, Germany. Waxa ay si joogta ah loo sameeyaa IG duqeymo goobta ka tirsan inta lagu jiro 2014-2015, labada Ciraaq iyo gobolka Suuriya.

Laga bilaabo September 2015 at codsi ka yimid dowladda Syria ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah IG waxay bilaabeen inay aqbalaan ku lug Ruush. ciidamada cirka iyo Its bilaabay weerarka meesha ay u kooxaha xagjirka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ay heshiis ku saabsan isuduwidda falalka dhexeeya Russia iyo isbahaysiga ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka, gaari ay sabab u tahay dhowr ah oo is burinaya, waxa ay ku guuldareysteen.

gargaar Military ee ka socda caalamka in ay gacan ka dhulka igil ee Ciraaq ayaa si weyn hoos u dhacay. Waxa kale oo la ganaax Xarakada weerar ee Suuriya, u suurtagashay in ay iyaga ay fuliyaan qaar ka mid ah jagooyinka muhiimka ah. Waxa uu si xun ugu dhaawacmay madaxa IG Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Laakiin in laga hadlo guusha isbahaysiga Dawladda Islaamiga ah weli xilli hore tahay.

Faafinta IG ah

saaxadda ugu weyn ee Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee tallaabo waa soohdinta reer Ciraaq iyo Suuriya. Laakiin ururka ayaa saameyn ay dalalka kale. LIH si toos ah gacanta ku hayso qaar ka mid ah dhulka ee Liibiya iyo Lubnaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, kooxdu dhawaan waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon uga shaqeeyaan in Afghanistan, qoranayaan si saf ah ay taageerayaasha hore ee "Taliban". Hoggaamiyeyaasha kooxda Nigeria argagixisada Islaamiyiinta "Boko haram" siiyey dhaariyey reer binu daacad u Khaliifkii Dawladda Islaamiga ah iyo dhulka, taas oo ay gacanta ururka, wuxuu noqday yaqaan gobolka IG ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, IG waxay leedahay laamo ee Masar, Filibiin, Yemen iyo hay'adaha badan oo Dowladda kale.

Hoggaamiyeyaasha sheegashada state Islamic si loo xakameeyo oo dhan goobta waqtiga oo ka mid ah midowga Carabta iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, oo naftooda u arkaan inay la dhaxlay.

Qaab-dhismeedka hay'adeed ee gobolka Islamic

Dawladda Islaamiga ah ee foomka of dawladda waxaa loo yeedhi karaa Boqortooyada theocratic. Khaliifkii waa madaxa gobolka. jirka A in uu leeyahay shaqo-talin, u yeedhay Shura ah. Wasaaradaha waa Council analogues Intelligence, talo a military iyo sharci, adeegga caafimaadka, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. urur ka kooban yahay hannaanka ka mid ah unugyada dalal badan in ay leeyihiin maamul hoosaad xad xoog leh maamulka.

territory ayaa sheegtay by IG ah, qaybsan yahay 37 Gobollada (units maamulka).

rajada

Dawladda Islaamiga ah waa a yar sida urur argagixiso, kaas oo la qaybiyey in ka badan Dhulka xawaare aad u sarreeya. Waxay sheegtay in si aad SARRAYNTA ma aha oo kaliya ee Bariga Dhexe, laakiin sidoo kale in dunida Muslimka. In saf ah ay ku biiraya tiro sii kordhaysa oo dadka xagjirka ah. Hababka IG halganka waa mid aad u calool adag.

Jooji horay u sii ururka wadajir karaa oo kaliya iyo tallaabo ku habboon oo ay beesha caalamka.