Waa maxay MTS in USSR ah? Nidaam si loo hubiyo farsamo ee wadareed

In ka 1920 daahay - 1930 hore ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee hindisaha of CPSU ah (b) lagu qabtay collectivization mass in meelaha miyiga ah. Geedi socodka ah ee collectivization iyo abuuritaanka baaxad weyn oo ganacsiga beeraha ah nooca hantiwadaagga caqabad ku la'aanta ah ee salka qalab iyo farsamo ee baadiyaha. yaroow ma ahaayeen xiiso u shaqeeya dawladda, taas oo uu isticmaalaa shaqada jirka dadka, ma jidaynayey, waayo, in yar ama lacag ma.

Waa maxay MTS in USSR ah?

In 1929, 15 xisbiga Congress falanqeeyay xaaladda beeraha ee dalka. hoggaanka xisbiga ayaa mar kale carabka ku adkeeyay in meelaha miyiga ah waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la abuuro wax soo saarka beeraha oo baaxad weyn, saas aawadeed ayay magaaladii waxaa bixiyey kibis, cereals iyo alaabooyinka kale ee. Ogaaday in gobolka ay tahay in ay bixiyaan shirkadaha technology wadareed ee dhawaan la sameeyay si loo yareeyo saamiga geeddi-soo-saarka non-matoorada, Stalin amaanay shaqada ee MTS ugu horeysay. By habka, waa maxay abbrevatury kelmadaha MTS? Midowga Soofiyeeti abuuray makiinad cagaf iyo saldhigyada, oo loo soo gaabiyo MTS.

Taariikhda iyo horumarka MTS ah

Idaacadda mashiinka-cagaf ugu horeysay ee Midowga Soofiyeeti la aasaasay 1927. Goobta asalka - tuulada Shevchenkovo ee gobolka Odessa, Ukraine. By jidka, waxaa soo beegay, sababtoo ah gobolka Odessa ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa caan ku tahay tiro badan oo fikrado u habaynta in ku dhow isla markiiba ka dib markii ay fulinta ayaa muujiyey inuu wax ku ool ah oo ay soo saaraan natiijo dhab ah oo la taaban karo. On xisbiga heshiiska kor ku xusan si togan qiimeeyo waxqabadka of Soofiyeeti MTS ugu horeysay.

Stalin arkay horumarinta network ah saldhigyada cagaf mid ka mid ah tiirarka dhaqangelinta fikradda xisbiga collectivization beeraha ah. Hawsha ka hor madaxda Congress ka mid ah meelaha beeraha dhigay, wuxuu ahaa firfircoon cagaf nidaamka caymiska STO guud ahaan dalka. Saraakiisha Xisbiga badan ayaa si shakhsi ah (lahaa safar) si aad u aragto waxa MTS. In USSR ee tirada shirkadaha sida ee 1931 horeba 1228. ahaa Tan iyo xawaaraha ee collectivization sii kordhaya (ee 1932 - sarreysa ee formation of beeraha wadareed), waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la abuuro ganacsi farsamo cusub. Falanqaynta tirakoobka on 1933, waxaan aragnaa in la kordhiyo tirada MTS ka badan labanlaab (ilaa 2886), iyo in 1934 ay dawladdu u furay 500 saldhigyada. On this, sidoo kale, hoggaanka xisbiga ma si ay u joojiyaan, si hawsha soo socota la dhigay. In 1937 (oo aynu wada ognahay nooca jeer) tirada saldhigyada ay ahayd in la sameeyo 6000. Dabcan, natiijada la gaaray, maxaa yeelay, in sannadihii cadaadis iyo denunciations barwaaqo mass ku fashilmeen in ay dardaaranka xisbiga inta badan ciqaabi xeryaha ama shot.

Order of dhexgalka ee MTS iyo beeraha wadareed

Waa maxay MTS in USSR ee beeraha wadareed naftooda? Mid kasta oo madaxda beeraha ayaa sidoo kale arkay baahida loo qabo mechanization foosha, maxaa yeelay waxa ay keentay in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka shaqada iyo dalagga soo dajinno Biyaha. Oo aan lahayn ama ay qalab u gaar ah, beeraha wejigiisa MTS taageero ka gobolka arkay.

Sida loo abaabulo iskaashiga? Machine iyo cagaf saldhigyada qalabka ay leedahay, wax soo saarka ee kaas oo sidoo kale si joogto ah u koraya. Cagaf, isku daraa iyo qalabka kale ee la siiyo beeraha wadareed kirada. beeraha wadareed, MTS bixiso kharashka qalabka kiraysanayso kharash ku lacagta heshay bixinta ee dalagga gobolka. Haddii ay dhacdo in failure of cagaf ah, isku, makaanikada beeraa MTS yimid inuu u soo yeedho beerta, qalabka baarista iyo waxaa cusboonaysiiyey.

arrin siyaasadeed ee hawlaha MTS

In 1930, wax kasta oo dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale toos ah oo la xiriira xaaladda siyaasadeed. On goob kasta oo cagaf shaqeeya waaxda siyaasadeed, madax Agaasime Ku-xigeenka shaqada siyaasadeed. hawlaha waaxda waxaa ka mid ahaa maamulka ururadooda xisbiga MTS oo ku lifaaqan waxaa u beeraha wadareed. Mas'uuliyadda shaqada tayada qaadeen MTS ma aha oo kaliya agaasimaha, laakiin sidoo kale waaxda siyaasadda. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, sababtoo ah failure mid ka mid ah hab dhaqaale wakhtigaas waxaa loo arkaa curyaamin, laakiin waxa ay hore u ahayd on qayb ka mid siyaasadeed.

Waa maxay MTS ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo hadda waxaan rajaynaynaa waxaa iska cad in ay dhan. Aan collectivization ku salaysan farsamo, u badan tahay, ma waxa ay wax aan macquul aheyn.