Waa maxay hab farsamada? Description. aragti

Seynisyahanno lug ku leh daraasaddan ee horumarinta bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha ee quruumaha, ku heshiiyeen in ay u socoto in hirarka (in aragtida ah ee hirarka dheer Kondratieff), heerka koritaanka waxaa keena saamaynta arrimo badan (dhaqanka, siyaasadda, bulshada iyo kuwa kale), iyo ciidamada wadidda horumarka waa heerka uu warbixin iyo horumarka farsamada. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo qaar ka mid ah, STR ah (kacaanka warbixin) meel wareegyada, wareegyada ugu waqti isku mid ah socon oo ku saabsan konton sannadood.

Fikradda ah dhismayaasha farsamada

Waxaa jira shan wareegyada. In la ruxruxo ugu horeysay (1785 in 1835 la YG) waxaa la aasaasay hab farsamada in ku salaysan horumarka cusub ee warshadaha dharka ee, awood isticmaalka biyaha. Wareegga labaad (ka 1830 si ay u 1890 YG) waxa uu la xidhiidhaa horumarinta warshadaha tareenka iyo gaadiidka, wax soo saarka si farsamaysan la isticmaalayo matoorada uumi. ruxruxo saddexaad waxaa ahbaa nidaamka farsamada ku salaysan codsiga oo koronto ah. Muddadan (1880 in 1940) xusay horumarinta warshadaha korontada iyo injineernimada culus. ruxruxo saddexaad ee nolosha ayaa la soo bandhigay balaastigga, biraha non-ferrous, diyaaradaha, telegaraafka, raadiyaha, iyo guulaha kale. Intaa waxaa dheer, in muddo this bilaabay in ay u muuqdaan amaanada, burcadda, shirkadaha waaweyn. In suuqa waxaa lagu xusay kootooyin gospodstvovanie iyo oligopolies, wuxuu bilaabay korodhkii raasamaal lacageed iyo bangiyada.

Wareegga afaraad

ruxruxo 4aad ee qaab-dhismeedka farsamada baa la sameeyey, kaas oo ku salaysan horumarinta xiga ee tamarta iyadoo la isticmaalayo alaabta saliid, saliidda, isgaarsiinta, gaaska, hub, diyaaradaha, cagaf iyo kuwa kale. In muddo ah ka soo 1930kii si 1990 tilmaamay kombiyuutarada baahsan iyo software, radar. Waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan eb ah - in ciidamada ka dibna ujeedooyin nabad ah. Waxaan bilaabay inuu soo baxo shirkadaha qowmiyadaha iyo caalamiga ah ee ku hawlan maalgashiga tooska ah ee suuqyada ee dalal kala duwan. Wixii la ruxruxo shanaad waxa lagu gartaa xooga saaraysaa horumar berrinkii sayniska kombiyuutarka, microelectronics, injineernimada hidde, bayotechnoolajiyadda, isgaarsiinta satellite, noocyada kala duwan ee tamarta. Laga soo bilaabo horyaalka shirkadda wareejiyo dhismaha shabakad midaysan ee shirkadaha waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya kaas oo la aasaasay by yahay ee internetka. Xilligan waxa (1985 in 2035) waxaa lagu gartaa qorshaynta, ilaalinta tayada, dayactirka, urur iibsiga iyadoo la raacayo mabda'a "waqtiga". Waa in la ogaadaa in muddada hirarka shakhsi wax yar ka badan konton sannadood. Tan waxa u sabab kadis ah waqti ka mid ah dhicii nololeed xilka kula muddo cusub ee horumarka. Acceleration of NTP ku biirin doonaan mustaqbalka si loo yareeyo dhererka hirarka.

ruxruxo shanaad. Features iyo faa'iidooyinka

Fikradda ah amarka farsamada hadda ka mid ah dhowr qaybood. Xubnihii ugu weyn waxaa loo arkaa in ay xudunta u ah, factor muhiimka ah. Sida a core doode korantada, software, Kombuyuutarada, isgaarsiinta, iyo guulaha kale ee sayniska casriga ah. qaybaha microelectronic arkaa in ay yihiin arrin muhiim ah. Marka la barbar dhigo hore (afaraad) Qaab-dhismeedka shanaad farsamada ku salaysan individualization ee isticmaalka iyo wax soo saarka, ballaarinta kala duwan soo saarka, gudbo caqabadaha deegaanka ay sabab u tahay qalabaynta warshadaha, iyo wixii la mid ah.