Unit An xisaabta macquulka ah (Alu) - waa maxay?

Sida la og yahay, processor computer ka kooban yahay afar qaybood oo aasaasi ah: unit ah xisaabta macquulka ah, unit aqbasho / wax soo saarka ah, oo halbeeg lagu kaydiyo iyo gacan ku haynta. naqshadaha noocan oo kale ah lagu qeexay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, iyo, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu waqti dheer qaatay, qaab dhismeedka classic of von Neumann weli la xiriira.

Waa maxay Alu-ka?

unit xisaab-macquulka ah - waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha processor in loo baahan yahay in lagu fuliyo macquulka ah iyo nooca-xisaabta transformations, laga bilaabo iyo soo afjaridda tibaaxaha adag hoose. operands waxoogaa la isticmaalo waxaa loo arkaa in ay dhererka eray, ama size.

Hawsha ugu wayn ee Alu waxaa ka baaraandegidda xogta lagu kaydiyaa xasuusta kombiyuutarka ee. Intaa waxaa dheer, unit macquulka ah xisaabta waa inay awoodaan in ay soo saaraan ay signalada kontoroola in computer ka si toos ah in ay doortaan hab sax ah si ay u qabtaan nidaamka xisaabeed ee loo baahan yahay, iyada oo ku xiran nooca macluumaadka natiijada. All hawlgallada lug wareeggeedii elektaroonik ah, mid kasta oo taas oo qaab ahaan u qaybsan kun oo alaabta. looxyada noocan oo kale ah sida caadiga ah bystrodeystvennye oo ay leeyihiin cufnaanta sare.

Iyadoo ku xiran calaamadaha in ay yihiin, ee Alu-qabtaan oo kala duwan noocyada kala duwan ee hawlaha la laba tiro. Qof kasta oo caqli-gal xisaabta qalab computer siinayaa fulinta falalka afar aasaasiga ah, gelinba iyo transformations macquul ah. Samee hawlaha Alu - waa sifo ugu weyn.

Qaybaha of unit xisaab-macquulka ah - afarta kooxaha ugu weyn ee qanjidhada oo u dhigma nidaamka control, gudbinta, kaydinta iyo diinta ka mid ah macluumaadka soo socda.

Kaydinta noodiska Alu

Qaybtan waxaa ku jira:

• kiciya, xajiya gelinno kaabayaal iyo qaababka kala duwan ee natiijada;
• diiwaanka in ka mas'uul ah daacadnimada ah operands, dhexe iyo natiijada kama dambaysta ah waa.

Mararka qaarkood diiwaan unit macquulka xisaabta lagu dari laga yaabaa in qaybta xusuusta heegan ah, iyo dood - sameeyaan hal diiwaanka xaaladda a.

qanjidhada gudbinta Alu

Qaybtan waxaa ku jira:

• baska interconnecting ee blocks qalabka;
• multiplexers iyo khaanadaha, ayaa masuul ka ah doorashada jihada saxda ah ee hawlaha.

Qanjidhada beddesho Alu-ka

Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• jilbiska shaqeeyaan micro-dartay;
• wareeggeedii qabtaan hawlaha macquul ah;
• shifters;
• correctors waayo xisaabta jajab tobanle;
• converters code, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah ama beddeli;
• counters for tirinta tirada wareegyada sameeyaa fulinta ee transformations qofka jirran.

qanjidhada ay gacanta ku Alu

Tani category ee walxaha ku jira:

• unit gacanta a,
• calaamadaha decoder;
• diinta sifooyinka circuit macquulka ah loogu baahan yahay formation of laamaha firmware si ay u fuliyaan ah.

unit Action gacanta processor

block Tani waxay masuul ka tahay wax soo saarka ee isku xigxiga functional of calaamadaha looga baahan yahay fulinta saxda ah ee amarka la siiyey. Sida caadiga ah, diinta sida waxaa ogaaday in dhowr wareegyada.

unit gacanta waxay bixisaa dil toos ah barnaamijka. Taageerida technology tani waa lagama maarmaanka u ah isku xirka shaqada laamaha kale oo ka mid ah qaybaha qaybaha mishiinka.

Inta lagu guda jiro qaybta gacanta hawlgalka jawaab microprogramming mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee haysta qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka cad.

kala soocidda Alu

unit macquulka xisaabta ka hawlgala si ay u doorsoomayaasha geedi socodka sida qaybsan yihiin isku midka ah iyo serial. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya Alu-waa hab ka mid ah soo bandhigo operands iyo hawlgallada.

By dabiiciga ah ee isticmaalka of unit xisaab-macquulka ah oo loo qaybiyey block multifunction ah. In nooca ugu horeysay ee Alu-ka si ay u qabtaan hawlaha la noocyada kala duwan ee tirada badan Qayluushi la isticmaalo waxay yihiin wareeggeedii isku kuwaas oo ku habboon hab qalliin in xogta codsaday. In qalabka block, dhammaan hawlgallada sameeyaa via noocyada xogta qaybinta. Waayo, hawlgallada wata tiro jajab tobanle, beeraha higgaadda iyo tiro, dhibic kala go, tiro ama go'an isticmaalayo nidaamyada kala duwan. Xaaladdan oo kale, unit ah macquulka xisaabta waa ka dhaqsiyo ay sabab u tahay fulinta isku midka ah ee hawsha la siiyey. Laakiin waxay sidoo kale khasaare ah - kharashka kordhay si ay u taageeraan qalabka.

unit An macquulka xisaabta sida uu habka ay u soo bandhigidda waxaa loo isticmaali karaa:

• jajab tobanle;
• sabayn tiro dhibic;
• tiro go'an dhibcood.

hawlgallada qalab

Dhismaha waxaa ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah hawlaha Alu-via hawlaha macquul ah oo kala qaybsan yihiin kooxaha soo socda:

• xisaabta jajab tobanle;
• xisaabta binary lambarada leh hal dhibic oo nadiif ah;
• tibaaxaha hexadecimal xisaabinta for sabayn SEPARATOR;
• cinwaanada waxbarida badalaada;
• nooca hawlgalka macquul ah;
• diinta ka mid ah beeraha alphanumeric;
• xisaab gaar ah.

kombiyuutarada electronic Modern ay awoodaan in ay ogaadaan oo dhan oo ka mid ah noocyada kor ku xusan ee waxqabadka, iyo microcomputers aadan haysan shaqeynta this aasaasiga ah, sidaas oo kale ayaa nidaamka ugu adag sameeyaa by xira joogtada yar.

Xisaabta iyo nidaamka macquul ah

falalka All Alu loo qaybin karaa kooxo dhowr ah.

hawlaha xisaabta waxaa ka mid ah qaybinta, isu-dhufasho, modules goynta goynta caadi ah oo intaas dheer.

By transformations macquul ah koox ka mid ah macquul ah "iyo" iyo "ama", in uu yahay, lala iyo disjunction, iyo isbarbardhigga of data ku saabsan sinnaanta. nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waxaa badanaa lagu fuliyay on erayada binary ka kooban hannaanka ah gelinno.

The xisaab gaar ah waxaa ka mid ah gelinba caadi, macquul ah, iyo xisaabta. Inta u dhaxaysa transformations waa farqiga weyn. Haddii shaqada xisaabta in meesha uu beddelo lambar tiro kaliya, ka dibna qayb ka calaamad macquul ah waxaa ku lifaaqan mooshinka.

hawlgal kasta, taas oo qaadataa meel adigoo isticmaalaya qaybta xisaab-macquulka ah, waxaa loo yeedhi karaa isku xigxiga oo ka mid ah hawlaha nooca-macquulka ah, kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay macquulka multibit for kombiyuutarada electronic. Tusaale ahaan, waayo computer ah binary isticmaalaa macquulka binary, iyo wixii la mid ah, hoos nidaamka tobanle.

Absolutely oo dhan transformations xisaab-macquul ah uu leeyahay operands u gaar ah iyo natiijooyinka soo saarka waxaa la micneeyey sida xadhig waxoogaa la ahaa lix iyo toban gelinno. The kaliya ee ka reeban yihiin primitives saxiixay English qeybinta. kala duwan oo ka mid ah calanka u ogolaan in fasiro macluumaadka ku saabsan wax soo saarka ee labada tiro la jaray ama lagu daray oo buux a. macquulka ah wuxuu ku salaysan yahay isbeddel ah ee gelinno modulo xisaabta. Calanka waxaa la dhigayaa, haddii ay jiraan wax isbaddalo aan la filayn in calaamada. Tusaale ahaan, isagoo intaa ku daray laba tirooyinka togan, aad leedahay si aad u hesho natiijo leh "+" calaamad. Laakiin haddii ay jirto sidato ah oo wuxuu galay unit goobta yara calaamad, iyo natiijada ay tahay mid xun, calanka dhulka qarqinaya ayaa lagu wadaa.

macquulka ah wuxuu ku salaysan yahay xisaabta sixiixin yara qaadiddan. calanka waxaa loo dhigay by nidaamka, haddii qaadiddan ahbaa ka soo qayb ugu weyn aan la qori karaa iyada oo sababtu tahay. waxoogaa Tani Alu-aad wax ku ool ah marka la transformations Wakiilada verbose isticmaalo.

gunaanad

Alu waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u qabtaan transformations macquul ah iyo arithmetical badan operands loo baahan yahay in doorka taas oo inta badan u adeega amarrada ama lambarada code. Marka toogasho ah, natiijada waxaa ku soo laabtay qalab kaydinta loo isticmaalo ee xisaabaha soo socda.