Ku'saabsan Duchesse. Beerista iyo daryeelka. description ee kala duwan ee

Ku'saabsan, kuwaas oo qiimo been ah dhadhan miro delicious iyo had iyo jeer wax-soosaarkooda sare, waa wax sharraxsan, si ay beerta kasta. Laga soo bilaabo midho waxa ay soo saartay saxmadda delicious iyo compotes, khamri oo macmal ah si sahlan, Pomelos macaan. Qiimo ay caraf udgoon fiican iyo dhadhan fudud marka loo isticmaalo cusub.

Manfacyada fasalka Duchesse

Mid ka mid ah heerarka waxaa loo arkaa inay kala duwan ee macmacaan Duchess pear - delicious iyo, ugu muhiimsan, tiro badan oo ah cunsur raad waxtar leh loo baahan yahay wax soo saarka jirka ah, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah caafimaadka.

hooyo A ee England, waxa uu noqday mid aad loo jecel yahay ka baxsan dalka macaamiisha iyo beeralaydu si tayada sida mahad:

• dhalaalaya, dhadhan buuxa lixaad qaba,
• soo jiidasho leh, muuqaalka appetizing,
• undemanding in beerista iyo dayactirka,
• recyclability,
• muddo dheer lagu keydiyo.

Waxaa la abuuri karaa on sirqoollada beerta yar yar, iyo sidoo kale in ay miisaanka warshadaha. Fasalka ku'saabsan Duchesse soo laabtay 1796 keenay breeder Wheeler. Soo caan mahad Williams gaar ah, loo xilsaaray in ay this sort magaca joogo.

Ku'saabsan Duchesse: description

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo kala duwan oo pear: Duchesse Duchesse xilliga qaboobaha iyo xagaaga. soocin Fundamental, wakhtiga beergooyska marka laga reebo, waxaa jira ee u dhexeeya kala duwan kuwaas. xagaaga ku'saabsan Duchesse ripens ee August, goosashada ugu horeysay ee 5-6 sano ku farxi doonaa ka dib markii laga beerto. noocyo pear xagaaga Crohn waa ballaadhan yahay, qaabka pyramidal, iyadoo wax badan oo caleemaha. Tree size yar yar, caleemo dhaldhalaalaan oo siman waa kuwo waaweyn, gadood-qaabeeya, dhamaadka tilmaamay.

inflorescence waa sida caadiga ah 5-7 ubax ee size dhexdhexaad ah, ay si caddaalad ah si fiican loo dulqaatay by beddelo xaaladaha cimilada. noocyo pear Duchess leeyihiin feature noocan oo kale ah, sida ka dib iyo ubax waarta.

noocyo dhalidda sare Duchesse

Soosaarkooda ka mid ah geed waa caadi ilaa 250 baaraha kg tayo wanaagsan leh. Miraha waa kuwo waaweyn ama dhexdhexaad ah (yar ma dhici), si adag geedka sii qaan buuxa, waxay leeyihiin qaab a pear-qaabeeya kiish oo dusha xoogaa socoto. Celceliska miisaanka pear ah - oo ku saabsan 170 garaam, 200 garaam - haddii geed dhalinyaro ah. Peel khafiif ah, dhalaalaya iyo udgoon; in bilowga ururinta pear waa cagaar khafiif ah oo huruud madow ah flyspecked - ka midho bislaaday. jidhka ah hurdi-cad, nasoo, ayaa dhadhan Muscat iftiin afka dhalaalayaa. On 5 dhibcood dhadhaminta nidaamka dhadhamin ay qiyaasta by 4.8 dhibcood. Ururi midho bilaabmaa qeybtii labaad ee August, baaraha, qaaday in taariikhda la doonayo, waxaa lagu keydiyaa muddo laba toddobaad ah qaboojiyaha nolosha shelf u korodho si ay 45 maalmood.

pear ciidda Duchesse jecel bacrin ah oo si fiican u cokan leh qoyaan. khasaaro A ee fasalka waa in ay iska caabin ah celcelis ahaan si dhaxan iyo abaarta, iyo sidoo kale ka dhaxleen ah in laga adkaado malabiso, sucker.

jiilaalka Duchess - ku dhashay Belgium; geedka waa heer sare ah oo ku filan, sii kordhaya dheer, wax taaj oo ballaadhan, pyramidal. caleemaha yihiin dhexdhexaad ah oo cabbirkooda, ayaa qaab of ellipse ah. Faa'iidada ee kala duwan waa in qabow. Land beeritaanka waa in ay leeyihiin fudud ciidda bacrin ah iyo in laga ilaaliyo dabaysha. natiijooyin aad u fiican oo muujinaysa kala duwan ee meeshoodii on rootstock cilin. In xagaaga qabow oo qoyan waxaa jira halis ah oo miro qolof in ka dhigi doonaa in khasaaraha ka mid ah ay ku gabanaysa.

Features of beerista of duchesse qaboobaha

Fasalka Duchesse jiilaalka bilaabaa in uu midho u dhali at sanad 6-7th of beerto. Waxaa ripens bishii October, waa hantida ku fulan, taas oo uu socdaa ilaa December ah; wada sifooyinka dhadhanka waa sii raagayaan. Under xaaladaha midig, faa'iidooyinka kaydka jiifsan karaan ilaa guga (April iyo May), hartay cusub. baaraha Cabirka sida caadiga ah waa kuwo waaweyn (350-400 garaam), tijaabooyinka, qaar ka mid ah ka badnaan karaan kilo badh. color qurux badan, midab huruud ah iyo maqaarka siman yahay dhigo kuwo soo jiidasho leh qof kasta, xitaa macaamiisha ugu cadho. caraf udgoon A gaar ah, oo ay weheliso dhadhan macaan, milo maldahan yar oo aysidhka, ku farxi doonaa, hudheelka wax.

Loss of dhadhan iyo faa'iido guryaha dalagyada keeni kartaa ururinta dhicis ah. Mid ka mid ah warshadda waa awood u soo saara oo ku saabsan 100 kg ee baaraha udgoon oo tayo sare leh. Miraha laga lalmiyaa kartaa on geedka muddo dheer, laakiin in xaaladaha cimilada kasin u muuqdaan in ay u dhacaan sabab u miisaan weyn.

Si guul leh loo isticmaalo pear Duchesse ee daawada, taas oo ah qayb muhiim ah in wax soo saarka ee qufaca iyo daawooyinka qabow.

pollination

Labada nooc ee kooxaha samobesplodnye Duchesse. Sidaa darteed, waxay u baahan tahay a fasalka-pollinator. Loogama pear pollination xagaaga Duchesse qaadataa kuwa ku weheliyana sida Forest qurux Bere Ardapon, jecel ee Clapp, Pass Krassan, Olivier de Serres, Bere Bosc. Winter jecel pollination by Olivier de Serres, iyo Bere Ardanpon Williams.

Kooxda Geedaha Duchesse si caadi ah u dulqaadan la'aanta qoyaan ciidda, laakiin waraabiyo iyaga weli u baahan tahay. Waraabiyaa waa la fuliyay in mugga a of 2-3 baaldiyo ee sannad kasta oo nolosha midhaha geedka hor iyo ka dib ubax. Haddii loo baahdo, waxaad mar ku shub karaa - dayrta.

pear Xeebeedka Duchesse

Markii ugu wanaagsan ugu for beerto baaraha loo arkaa qeybtii labaad ee April, iyo waxa muhiim ah in ay waqti u soo baxo. Daraysa dhirta aan la aqbali karin, sababtoo ah waxa ay keeni kartaa dhimasho. Marka laga beerto ee ka dalooliyey oo, si qoto dheer ee taas waa in si caadi ah u noqon oo ku saabsan 1 mitir iyo ballaciisu yahay - 60-70 cm, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la buuxiyo digada cusub sida ay keeni kartaa gubasho on xididada. Marka ciidda saboolka ah ee dalool beerto waa in shub dhul beerashada, iyo in ay sidaa sameeyaan waa in marka hore ku dhici. Hagaajinta isku dar ah ciidda wanaagsan oo dhul beerashada, Peat iyo digada (2-3 baaldiyo ee yaamayska). From walaaqdey loo baahan yahay si ay u sameeyaan koorta ah, kaas oo la qaybiyo oo xididdada seedling ah. Laakiinse mustaqbalka ka sameeyey qori protivovetrennaya u baahan yihiin taageero, si aad u qoto dheer u baahan tahay dhulka in la wado saamiga ah iyo waxa ay ku xerin in jirridda geedka. Si looga fogaado waxyeelo ay ku jirridda garter waxaa ugu wanaagsan sameeyo qaab ka mid ah sideedii.

factor muhiimka ah ee daryeelka dhirta waa ku walaaqaya ka dhigaya ilaalinta ciidda ka dhinacada heerkulka. Waayo, baaraha sida walaaqaya waxaa quman in la isticmaalo meeshii digada, humus, caws iyo haramaha. Howlgalkan waxuu ahaa talinayaa in waqtiga dayrta, ka hor inta aan hoos u heer-kulka ka waxaa lagu lumin karaa pear Dushes.

Aqoonsadaan muuqaalada xannaanada geedka

Si aad u badbaadin dhirta ka soo dhaxan iyo dabaylo qabow ee xilliga qaboobaha waxaa loo baahan yahay hoy qaboobaha. Si taas loo gaaro, qaybta hoose ee jirridda u baahan tahay inaad duub wargeyska ama maro suuf ah. The warshad difaaca dabiiciga ugu fiican ee nidaamka xididka ka qabow ah - barafka dhacay; waxaa loo baahan yahay nagresti ku wareegsan seedling ee sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah. geedaha Mature u baahan tahay in laga ilaaliyo bakaylaha, waxaa muddo pear walba waxaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo bowd yar ama si buuxda loo ilaaliyo dhulka dhirta.

dhirta Gooyaa soo saaray guga. Sannaddii kowaad ee beerto loo baahan yahay in ay soo gaabin laamaha dhinaca kelyaha, mid quarter - qaybta dhexe ee jirridda, this go'aamin doona koritaanka geedka, kor kaliya ma, laakiin sidoo kale dhinac.

Oo sannaddii labaad qaybta dhexe waa la soo gaabiyey by 20-25 cm, iyo laamaha dhinaca, kuwaas oo loo baahan yahay in ay soo saaraan 5-8 cm manjooyin sameeyay koorta la keenin wax (laan hoose ka sii dheer tahay sare).

Xeerarka bacarimiso dhirta

Ku'saabsan, sida warshad kasta oo uu u baahan yahay quudinta. Sannaddii kowaad oo waxaa suurto gal ah in ay soo saaraan, tan iyo god dhulka waxaa hagaagay.

bulk of bacriminta loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo dayrta, iyo bacrimin organic - 3 jeer sannadkii (8.5 kg halkii 1 m ²⁾ Macdanta - sannad kasta (halkii 1 m ² - 20-30 g of chloride potassium, 20-25 g oo amooniyam, 20-25 g of superphosphate). Bacarimiso waxaa soo galay qoday agagaarka warshadda godad wareeg ah si qoto dheer ah 15-20 cm.

cayayaanka Control

Si aad u difaaco qolof, saamayn ku caleemaha iyo geedo midho leh oo muddo looga baahan yahay dhamaadka buro oo wuxuu u magooli of xamili 1% oo dareere ah Bordeaux ama xal 0.5% ka mid ah oxychloride copper. caleemo Old waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay gubaan (sida ay yihiin il ay si toos ah faafinta of qolof), iyo dhulka on goobada geedka si loo farsameeyo xal 0,3% ee "Nitrafena".

Dagaal sucker in overwinter ee ku hari miro iyo caleemo dhacay iyo waxaa ay dhigaan ukunta, geedka waxaa lagu baaraandegi (ka hor xilligii nasashada iyo gabal) daawooyin sida "Malathion" (10 litir oo biyo ah - 90 g) ama "Oleokuprit". From sucker dirxiga laga saari karaa iyadoo la kaashanayo of cayayaanka organophosphorus.

Ku'saabsan Duchesse, beeralayda hiwaayadda dhabta maxay waa mid aad u wanaagsan, waxaa lagu talinayaa beerto in dhinac kasta oo beerta ku yaal; xog ku sii kordhaya, dhadhan sare, karo wanaagsan iyo nolosha shelf dheer ka dhigi midhahan waa in dalabka ka soo tiro balaadhan oo ah macaamiisha.