Ukraine ayaa goysiga si Russia (1654). Reunion ee Ukraine iyo Russia, sababaha

Ukraine ayaa goysiga si Russia (1654) ka dhacay dhanka ah asalka ah dhacdooyinka bulshada iyo siyaasadda qalafsan la xiriira doonaya Ukraine in ay noqdaan dad isku filan oo dheeraad ah oo aan gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan yihiin Poland. Tan iyo 1648 mucaaradka galay wajigii hubaysan jeestay laakiin aan loo eegayn sida badan guul ama Cossacks dhaliyay hogaaminayo Bohdan Khmelnytsky ciidanka Polish badan, waxay ahaayeen awoodin inaad bixiso guusha dagaalka galay saami siyaasadeed oo la taaban karo. Waxaa caddaatay in si aad u hesho ka mid ah daryeelka Commonwealth ma noqon doonto mid suurto gal ah oo aan gargaar ka mid ah saaxiib awood leh, iyadoo ay sabab u keenida ee Ukraine qaaday meel la Russia. Si kooban u sharax sababaha dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah.

Sinnaanta iyo madaxbannaani

Lixdii sano oo dagaal ku jira dagaalo badan oo ku daatay ka gees ah dadka Yukreeniyaan stress wayn ee ciidamada ay ciidamada Polish burburay marar badan. Laakiin, Garaaci sheegistii dhabasho Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnitsky markii ugu horeysay aan ka socday gobolka Polish iska jeexi Ukraine. Waxa uu ku jagooyinka of madaxbannaani ah Cossack la damcay inuu Cossacks la Sidukiinta waxay leeyihiin xuquuq isku mid ah iyo beero Yukreeniyaan siman ahaayeen gudahood Rzeczpospolita ku saabsan par leh Poland iyo Lithuania istaagay. Oo wakhtigaas ma ay qaadeen ku saabsan kulan ee Ukraine iyo Russia. 1654 bedelay xaaladda.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in madaxbannaanida?

Dhanka kale, fikradda sinaanta ee qaab dhismeedka of madaxbannaani ah dad yar oo la rumeysan yahay. Horeba ka sano ee hore ee dagaalka ee Ukraine iyo Poland, waxaa jiray warar xan ah in:

1. Khmelnitsky doonayo in la soo celiyo qaar ka mid ah "Old" ama abuuro madax cusub.
2. Isagu wuxuu isu horyaalka waa "amiir u ahaa reer Russia."
3. Cossacks rabto in la dhiso dowlad madax bannaan.

Laakiin markaas, waayo, madax-bannaanida Ukraine ayaa weli ma horumariyo dhiran loo baahdo. Ka qaybgalayaasha ugu weyn ee dagaalka - iyo in Cossacks waxba aqoonin iyo yaroow waxna qorin isla - ma abuuri karo fikirka gobol gaar ah, hagaya daaha - Saraakiisha Cossack iyo Sidukiinta - lahayn miisaan siyaasadeed ku habboon in la keeno qorshe gooni. Waxaa intaa dheer, xataa hetman ku Khmelnitsky lahaa kalsoonida ka dibna loo jecel yahay. Kaliya ee koorsada dagaalka, inta lagu guda jiro formation of gobolka Yukreeniyaan Cossack ka badan istiwooday iyo faafo fikradda ah madax-bannaanida.

Midowga Turkiga

The dheer u dagaalamayeen, Khmelnitsky ayaa in ka badan, odayaasha iyo dadweynaha waxay ahaayeen qanacsanahay in kaliya on iyaga u gaar ah oo aan caawimaad Ukraine qudhiisu uusan lacag la'aan ah karo xoogga Sidukiinta ee Polish. deriska awood leh oo diyaar u ah inay ka hortagaan Dhexe, waxaa jiray laba oo kaliya: gobolka Ruush ee bari iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda ee koonfurta. Waxaa jiray xulashada yar oo Khmelnytsky: ama Ukraine ayaa ku soo galeen Ruushka, ama aqoonsiga vassalage ka Turkey.

Markii hore, tartamaya ah doorka Ukraine noqday sokoeye ee Suldaanka Turkish, kuwaas oo xoog ku filan in ay iska caabin ah isfurnaashaha ee Poland ee Ukraine. Inta u dhaxaysa Khmelnytsky iyo dawladda Sultan waxay ahaayeen wada jeedaan. In 1651 Porte sheegay in uu helo Zaporozhian martigeliyaha sida vassals. Dhab ahaantii caawinaad dhab ah in Suldaanka Turkish waxaa ku koobnayn oo kaliya in kuwii ka qaybgalay dagaalka Crimean tataarka, qarniyo Cossacks dagaallamaya oo leh. Waxay ahaayeen sokeeye aad kalsoonaan karin iyo dhaqanka ee sirreyda ah, boob iyo keenaysaa dadka la haystaa waxay keentaa dhibaatooyin badan faa'iidooyinka ay u Ukraine dheeraad ah.

Kayd Russia

Isbahaysiga ayaa la Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda ahaantii marnaba ka dhacay. Waxa aan ahaa xataa in gargaarka daciif military iyo dhaqaale Sultan ah, iyo incompatibility maskaxda. Farqiyada u dhexeeya ee Orthodox iyo Muslimiinta, kuwaasoo dadka loo yaqaan "gaalada", cadeeyay inuu yahay gudbi karin. Xaaladdan oo kale, isha Bogdana Hmelnitskogo iyo dadweynaha ee Ukraine ka codsaday in ay la shaqayn jiray Mu'miniinta - Russia.

June 8, 1648, lix sano ka hor ahaa goysiga ah ee Ukraine si ay Russia (1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky xarafka ugu horeeya caawimaad u qoray in KT Ruush Alexei Mikhailovich. Markii hore, Russia ahaa in degdeg ma si ay u galaan dagaal-buuxa la boqortooyada Polish-Lithuanian xoog leh. Laakiin hogaamiyaha Ukraine ee muddo lix sano ah si ay boqorka uga dhaadhiciyo si ay u caawiyaan, hubinta mid noqoshada ee gobolka Ruush in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Sidukiinta ee Polish. Khmelnitsky hore ee safiirada Moscow carabka ku adkeeyay muhiimadda ay leedahay wada shaqeeya ilaalinta caadi ah oo ka mid ah dadyowga oo siweyn looga of iimaanka Orthodox ka, guul ay beenoobay fikradaha la buunbuuniyey oo ku saabsan xoogga Dhexe, ayaa xusay faa'iidooyinka weyn in ay leeyihiin doonaa kulan ka mid ah Ukraine iyo Russia. 1654 ayaa muujisay ku soo beegtay iyo Isafgaradku ee Khmelnitsky.

booska Ruush uurka leh

Moscow fahamsan yahay muhiimadda ay leedahay in urur la Ukraine:

1. Isbahaysiga Istiraatiijiga ah, ugu horreeya oo dhan, furay jidka loo koonfureed iyo ilaa xagga Badda Madow iyo xagga galbeed.
2. Waxa uu wiiqay Poland.
3. Burburinayo isbahaysiga suurto gal Zaporozhye Sech la Turkey.
4. Xoogaystay gobolka goysiga Hanti- Ruush saddex boqol oo kun oo ciidan Cossack.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muddo dheer ay sabab u tahay xaaladaha gudaha iyo dibadda adag, oo ku salaysan daciifisa of labada dhinac - Poland iyo Ukraine - dawladda Saarka qaaday sugida iyo arko aragti. Caawin xaddidan diraya Ukraine oo kibis ah, iyo cusbo, xal u guurto Ukraine on darafka dhulka, safaaradaha sarrifka.

Dabcan daya

Links dhexeeya Bogdanom Hmelnitskim iyo dowladda Ruush, in naf la yimid sannadihii ugu 1652-1653, sano ee la soo dhaafay dagaal xoraynta. Ku dhowaad si joogto ah ugu socday safaarada Ukraine in Moscow oo ka Moscow si ay u Ukraine. Bishii Janaayo 1652 Khmelnitsky diray caasimada Ruushka uu Ergayga Ivan Iskra. Spark ee safaaradda si uu sheegay in Hetman iyo ciidankiisii oo dhan Zaporozhye rabtid in aad "Weynaha iyagii kaxeeyey in kooxdiisa."

Bishii December 1652 iyo January 1653 ee Moscow, wadahadalo asxaabtiisa Samoilo Zarudny. Zarudny wuxuu boqorkii ku yidhi, "amray in ay korsato ay bannaan ee gacanta sare". January 6, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Rada yeedhay waayeelladii, oo aan go'aansaday inuu ku riday la Poland, oo ay sii wadaan si ay ula dagaalamaan ilaa ay noqon doontaa galo Ukraine galay Russia.

In April-May 1653 wadahadalo ee Moscow ahaayeen danjirayaasha Kondratiy Burlyay iyo Silwanos Muzhilovsky. Xukuumadda Saarka sidoo kale farriin u diray Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, gaar ahaan dabayaaqadii May 1653rd tagay Chyhyryn Matveev iyo Fomin.

weligiis wada - Ukraine-Russia: 1654

Dhibaatada xaaladda Ukraine qasbay dowladda Saarka si loo dedejiyo go'aan-qaadasho. June 22, 1653 ee Ukraine ka wakiilkii Moscow Fedor Ladyzhenskii raacay warqad ka Alexei Tsar ku Mikhailovich, taas oo la siiyey ogolaansho in ay kala iibsiga ee dalka Ukraine oo ka hooseeya "gacanta sare boqornimada."

October 1, 1653 ee Moscow, ayaa la kulmay Zemsky Sobor ah, loogu talagalay in si qeexan loo xaliyo arrinta of xiriirka ka dhexeeya Russia iyo Ukraine, iyo inuu caddeeyo dagaal on Dhexe. The weji duwan Chamber of Kremlin ay go'aansatay in ay "Army of Zaporozhye iyo Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo la doonayay beerahayagii iyo magaalooyinka in ay qaataan ka yar gacanta ku bannaan." Sidaas taariikhda la sameeyey. isukeenidda ee Ukraine la Russia lagu ansixiyay boqorka oo keliya ma laakiin sidoo kale dhammaan qaybaha kala duwan ee dadweynaha (marka laga reebo serfs kuwaas oo xaq u leh inay codeeyaan haysan), kuwaas oo wakiilo la ururiyey in katedraalka. Isla, Sobor Zemsky ay go'aansatay in ay bilowdo dagaal la Poland.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha goysiga kama dambaysta ah ee Ukraine si Russia. 1654 Waxay qaadatay dhowr kulan ka hor inta shuruudaha gelitaanka finalka ayaa la soo shaqeeyay baxay. Russia ahaa aqoonsi muhiim ah oo Ukraine sida dal xor ah oo madax bannaan. Tani waxa ay ahayd in go'aanka Golaha Gobolka wuxuu leeyahay sidaas, "in aanay sii daayo lahaa dhalasho ee Sultan Turkish ah oo khan Crimean ah, maxaa yeelay, waxay noqdeen wax dadka dhaar boqornimada free."

Saxiixa heshiiska

January 31, 1653 Safaaradda Ruushka Gaaray saamiga Khmelnitsky - magaalo of Pereyaslav - warqad ah oo ku saabsan go'aanka Zemsky Sobor iyo "amarka ugu sareeya." Safaaradda, madax ka V. Buturlin waxaa noogu salaamay ugaasyadii iyo dadka caadiga ah.

January 6, 1654 in Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky yimid iyo maalinta ku xigta la kulantay danjirayaasha, si ay uga wada hadlaan xaaladaha Midowga ee. 8 January, ka dib markii wadahadalo qarsoodi ah la yeeshay odayaasha xaaladaha goysiga ah, Bogdan Khmelnitsky oo dadkii u tegey oo xaqiijiyay goysiga ah ee Ukraine si Russia. 1654 wuxuu ahaa hal dhibic ka jeestay in qaddar ee labada shacbi.

Safaaradda Yukreeniyaan ayaa si joogta badan ee Moscow si ay uga hadlaan faahfaahinta iskaa wax u qabso galo ee Ukraine bidix Bank hoos Maxmiyadda Boqortooyada Ruush ah.

Taariikhda Ukraine ee taariikhaha: isukeenidda la Russia

• 1591-1593 GG. - kacdoonkii Registered Cossacks ka dhanka ah abtirsan Polish iyo tixraaca ugu horeysay Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo gargaar si Tsar Ruush ah.
• 1622, 1624 ee. - racfaanka Bishop-gooyooyinka dhigtaan Kopinskogo, ka dibna Metropolitan Iova Boretskogo in boqorka si ay u aqbalaan Little Orthodox ee Russia ee dhalashada Ruush.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky kicisaa kacdoonkii dhan-Yukreeniyaan ka gees ah ku abtirsan iyo 8 June warqad ugu horeeyay ee gargaar Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich iyo isbahaysiga qoray. Guushii ugu horeysay ee ka mid ah ciidamada Cossack iyo saxiixa heshiiskii nabadda Zborowski deeq hoosaad Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - dib colaad, guuldarro culus Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - daaweynta A cusub Bogdana Hmelnitskogo in Russia ay u caawiyaan Cossacks iyo codsi ay u korsato reer Ukraine bidix Bank ee dhalashada. October 1 kulmay Sobor Zemsky ah.
• 1654 - January 8, ururiyey Pereyaslavskaya farxeen si cad u go'aansadeen in ay la midowdo dalka Russia. March 27 Zemsky Sobor iyo boqorkii la kulmay inta badan codsiyada soo gudbiyay odayaasha iyo Hetman siinayaa madaxbannaani ballaadhan. Dokumentigan ayaa ugu dambeyntii xaqiijisatay keenida of-bangiga tagay Ukraine la Russia.