Bilow daabacaadda ee Europe

Bilow daabacaadda ee Europe waxa sababay alifay ee waraaqaha ee Shiinaha. By waqtiga ah ee soo bandhiga oo aan ka yarayn saddex-meelood laba ka mid ah qoraallada ee la abuuray on warqad ah ee noocyada kala duwan ee kala duwan oo tayo leh.

macluumaadka ugu horreeya ee ku saabsan faahfaahinta farsamada ee taariikhda daabacaadda dib 2. BC. e. Waxay waxaa laga helaa helay by qadiimiga ah ee Greece disk (Kereetee) Festistkogo. Waxa uu ka dhigay dhoobo. Waxaa kaalinta tuntay ama warqado imprinted. Habka jediyay kordhiyay in East.

daabacaadda jiri karaan waqtiyo kala duwan ee noocyada kala duwan. The taariikhda Chinese aad macluumaad ku saabsan birtumaha magacaabay Pi Sheng ka heli kartaa. Waxa uu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa 1041 iyo 1048 waxaa la sameeyey ee waraaqaha dhoobo. Waayo, isla-tumista faahfaahinta qoraal taxane-taariikheed abuurtay iyo khasnaji alfabeetada, halkaas oo warqado hayay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daabacaadda ilaa hadda marnaba gaadhay.

Barbaro on caddayn arkiifiyo iyo museum, taariikhyahanadu soo jeedinaya in bilowgii daabacaadda ee Europe la gelin karo in Masar iyo Byzantium. dhib saaranyahay uun in xaqiijinta ee aragtida ah, sida lagu daabacay mar, waxaa jira buugaag lahayn.

Bilow daabacaadda ee Yurub waxa uu la xidhiidhaa magacyada badan. Tusaale ahaan, in sheekada ay jirto caddayn of gaar ah Procope Valdfogele. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa 48 warqado iyo qalab kale oo bir ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, buugaag la daabacay by iyaga ma noolaadaan.

Waxaa ka mid ah dadka kale ee taariikhda la kulmay Jean Brito, iyo dhakhtarka Bamfuliya Kastadi. About madbacadaha courtly ' King of France Nikola Zhansone, buugaag la daabacay Venice iyo Paris, odhan ilo kala duwan.

Si dhow ula xidhiidha bilowgii daabacaadda ee Europe, la wiil meesha allabariga kaniisadda ka Netherlands. Magiciisuna wuxuu ahaa Lawrence Yanszon Koster. Waxaa la malaysan in qarsoon oo daabacaadda wuxuu soo kexeeyey qaxootiga Armenian bari. Xagga da'da Koster ayaa for dhaleen warqado leexleexdaan iyo dhowr buugaag la daabacay uu. buugaagta, kuwaas ayaa la sii raagayaan, laakiin macluumaad ah in ay soo saaray Koster, iyagana waxaa u.

In magaalooyin badan oo Yurub ah ay yihiin taxadiri dadka darajooyin kala duwan oo la xidhiidha farshaxan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay mudnaan in la alifay ee technology daabacaadda aan la xaqiijiyay by taariikhda. Fikradda qoraalkan ahaa awoodaan in ay ogaadaan si cad in bartamihii qarnigii 15aad.

Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano badan, mudnaanta of war abuurashadoodii ah, daabacaadda buugaagta on xaq u xilsaaray Gutenberg ah. Waa magaca uu la xidhiidho bilowga daabacaadda ee Europe. Taariikhda, taas oo ka mid ah uu tijaabo typographic hore - 1440. Wakhtigan ee Strasbourg uu bartay edition naxwaha Latin Donat, kalandarka astrological of indulgences le'daan. Muddo ka dib, wuxuu yimid magaalada uu u dhashay ee Mainz soo laabtay, Gutenberg bilaabay shaqo on daabaco dhamaystiran Kitaabka Quduuska ah.

42-line Bible ee Laatiin, waxaa la daabacay ee 1453-1454 sano. Pages ee buugga (ee 1282) ku jira 42 khadadka, diyaarin in laba tiirar. xubno decoration koob ee la fuliyey gacanta.

dhimashada Gutenberg ee 1468 daabacaadda Ka dib waxaa la sii by ardayda uu. Waxay faafin wararka ku saabsan been abuurtay ee technology daabacaadda sayidkii Germany oo dhan ka dibna Europe. Guttenberg uu abuuray oo keliya ma aha qalab ugu horeysay ee daabacaadda, laakiin sidoo kale abuurtay hab ee soo saaridda iyo font qaab macdantu. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa iska leh fikradda ah ee abuuraya a Halabuurka daawaha gaar ah warqadihii hir hooseeyo.

Taariikhda daabacaadda ee Russia bilowday qarnigii 16aad-ka. Aasaasihii of warshadaha daabacaadda ee gobolka Muscovite ku jiray Ivan Fedorov. Buuga ugu horeeyay (oo taariikhdiisu) - "Rasuulka The" - la sii daayay in 1564 guriga daabacaadda Moscow. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey on its horumarinta Fyodorov iyo caawiyihiisa Peter Mstislavets. Qarnigii 17aad waxaa jiray dhowr guryaha daabacaadda ee Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo dhamaadka farsamo daabacaadda qarnigii 18aad uusan waxba iska badalin badan. Peter 1 isbedel keliya font ah - ayaa soo bandhigay madani ah halkii warqado Old Slavonic.