The War Patriotic Great, "Operation Edelweiss"

Markayse u caddaatay in "Blitzkrieg" (qorshe dagaal hillaac on Front Eastern ay burburtay) iyo dagaalka dheer noqon doono, Hitler uu isu diyaariyey hawsha ciidamada Wehrmacht ay u diidaan Soofiyeedku waa fursad inay dib u buuxiyaan kaydka shidaalka kharash ku ah beeraha saliid Caucasian ee June 1942. Sayidka, Jarmalka isku dayeen in ay dhiigaan ciidamada cirka ah iyo baabuurta gaashaaman ee ciidanka Cas. Sameeyaa qaabka guud ee barnaamijka oo intaasu waxay ahayd qabashada Caucasus ay leeyihiin code-magacaabay "Operation Edelweiss". Si kooban oo ku saabsan inta badan howlgalkan iyo sababta naasiga ay yihiin kuwo aan si uu dhammayn kari waayo, waxaa laguu sheegi doonaa in this article.

The qorshaha of amarka Jarmal

Si uu u gudan hawsha la ballamay Fuhrer, Group Army "A" madax General Field Marshal Wilhelm Leaf, wuxuu lahaa, Goldogob xigtaa galbeed Caucasian oo qabsaday shaqo joojinta Novorossiisk at Tuapse, waa xarunta gobolka shidaalka waaweyn. Isla mar ahaantaana in ay qabsadaan Grozny iyo Baku dhinaca bari ee xigtaa guuray Group Army "B", oo kale ku hoos amarka Field Marshal - Fedor von Bock.

Xitaa ka hor weerar ku bilaabay in Germany iyadoo ujeedada ka hawlgala beerihii Caucasian laba shirkadood oo saliid ayaa waxaa la aasaasay, waxaa helay xaq u gaar ah muddo 99 sano ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, Taliska Sare ayaa lagu amray in uu joojiyo duqaynta dhammaan meelaha oo xiiso for warshadaha Jarmal. difaaca dhammaan waxyaabaha qabtay Jarmalka ayaa waxaa horay u eedeeyay ciidamada SS iyo goosteen in unugyada cadowga Don Cossacks ee General Krasnov ah.

Tan iyo markii ay howlgalka "Edelweiss" waxaa loogu talagalay xal ka mid ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan xagga istiraatijiyadda, ka dibna dil ay u weyn ayaa loo diray, waxaa ka mid ah 168 kun. Askar iyo saraakiil ka Wehrmacht ah iyo in ka badan 1.5 kun. Haamaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, wada jir ah ula military ee Caucasus ee loo diray khubaro Oil oo ku saabsan 14 kun..

Division Highland Fusiliers

Tan iyo markii ay "Edelweiss" - hawlgalka mileteri, kaas oo la sameeyay degaanka ee kala duwan ee buurta Caucasus, ka dibna ay u fuli lahayd guul Jarmalka isku dayeen in ay ka imaan qaababka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka faa'iido badnaan. Lahaanshaha at its qubo Mountain Division, ka shaqeeya dadka wadaniga ah ee gobollada buuraleyda ah ee koonfurta Bavaria, iyo sidoo kale Isboorti-climbers, amarka ayaa loo xilsaaray in ay door muhiim ah waxqabadka qaliinka loogu talo galay.

Units of qaybinta this, sidoo kale, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waxa loo yaqaan "Edelweiss", la amray, jebinta ee degaanka ku hadhay galmo buurta Elbrus pass, dhuftay gadaal ka mid ah unugyada Soviet kuwaas oo isku dayay in ay joojiyaan ka hor ee Army Group "A". Sayidka dhaqdhaqaaq ay farsamo ahaan adag loogu tala galay in Red keeni lama filaan lama filaan ah, Kuna qaadan hindisaha.

Yiinta on Elbrus

Si aad u diyaariso guurka oo ka mid ah ciidamada ugu weyn ee Wehrmacht ka yari, 5 Division Mountain afka, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka koobnaa ilaa 90 qof, hore ayey u socotay iyo, dhulka sare taagan, qoday. Waxaa aad iyaga ku rakiban qoryaha iyo hubka buurta. Si kor loogu qaado niyadda oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha cutubyo ka, kaas oo ciidamada howlgalka "Edelweiss" waxaa fuliyey, amarka Jarmal ayaa waxaa lagu amray in ay meel walba ugu dhibcaha sareeya ee la ballamay, calanka Nazi.

Amarkan waxaa fuliyey ka pedantry a Gaarna Jarmal, oo horay August 21 la calammo yiinta ruxaya ee danbow bariga iyo galbeedka ee Mount Elbrus. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tallaabadan ayaa qaatay wax badan oo dadaal iyo sababtay dib u dhac ah ee koorsada hawlgalka, waxayna lahayd qiimaha dacaayad weyn, wax sabab ah in ay wax miiran Goebbels saaray headlines bogga hore, ku dhawaaqay in laga bilaabo hadda Jarmalka duqsigu calanka kor ku xusan meesha ugu sarreysa ee Europe.

On top of Taliyaha kooxihii Mountain General Hubert Lanz diray inay footage film Berlin, ku dhacday gaar ah oo arrintan ku saabsan munaasabadda, ka shaqeeya yimid, oo ku talaabsaday inuu magaca peak Elbrus isaga wacaya Hitler.

shirkadda magacaabin

Sida inta badan ee taariikhyahanadu military, la yaab ayay aheyd dhamaystiran warkii amarka Soviet in kooxda Jarmalka ay awoodaan in ay fuulaan dalcadaha buurta ku dhowaad geli karin, iyo marka lagu daro, si ay u dejiyaan on dushooda dhibcood toogashada ah.

Tartannada amarka lagu amray in ay si deg deg ah iyaga dibadda u garaacayaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hirgelintiisana ay ahayd oo keliya unit ah haddiiba la sameeyay, ka shaqeeya iyo awr hore Budyonny, kaasoo lahayn waayo-aragnimo ah ee dagaalkayagu ma aha oo kaliya in dhulka buuraleyda ah, laakiin guud ahaan, xataa on foot, iyo sidoo kale ka tylovikov, waxaa dad badan oo ka mid ah oo aan hayo gacmaha hubka.

Tani unit haddiiba sameeyay lahaa tirada rasmiga ah ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin xitaa liiska magacyada askarta. Command loo xilsaaray la sifaynayo dadka rayidka ah - jaraha shalay haweenka Grigoryants, soo saaray wax yar ka hor Sarreeye ah.

In degdeg ah,

Oo weliba waxay lahaayeen in ay galaan dagaal la fallaadho qeybinta la xushay "Edelweiss". Operation 1942 in ay qabsadaan Caucasus gaadhay jiro boosaska Champions bilowga September, markii unit Grigoryants hoos cover oo mugdi iyo ceeryaanta, si joogto ah waqtigan ee sannadka, u kacay inuu height ee buurta mari Terskol. Ay hawl ay ahayd in si lama filaan ah weerar cadowga, isaga qaxaya boosaska hore qabsadeen.

Kadib markii uu dhamaystay qaybta hore ee qorshaha, iyo kicidda inay calaamad loo dejiyay, askarta Ciidanka Red ahaayeen in xaalad adag. Marka ceeryaanta subaxdii la qaado ayay, isagoo ku Buurta furan wax yar ka hooseeya Jarmalka wakiil yool fiican ee wax toogan jiray buurta. Diraya askari on mission a, amarka uusan xitaa ma loo hubiyo dharkoodii daboolidda ay, iyo qaawanaanta mugdiga si cad u istaagay kulankii baraf cad.

Heroes dalcadaha Buur baraf

Falanqaynta xaaladda hadda jirta, taariikhyahanadu military ayaa si wadajir ah soo gaarnay heer ah in Sarreeye geesi Grigoryants aan helay fursad ma aha oo kaliya in laga nafiso Jarmalka ka ay la joogo, laakiin xitaa in ay noolaadaan. Sida muuqata, waxaa la fahmo Army Cas, laakiin dhaqmeen, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida geesiyaal dhab ah.

warqado dhowro askar Jarmal - xubno ka mid ah hawlgalka, kuwaas oo ay ka hadlaan sida yaabeen waxa eegay Cadaabo, laakiin aan ku wareejinayn askari, macno ahaan u diriray meter jiirada kasta oo baraf ah. Waxa ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in ay ka jeedsadeen, iyo dhimashada oo kaliya la joojin geesi ah. Waa ay u dhiirranow Fundka burburkii mustaqbalka loo arag macaamil "Edelweiss".

Dhammaadkii September 1942 by si of amarka Soviet on Elbrus soo diray unug gaar ah, kaas oo ka koobnaa askari oo gebi of gaar ah u tababaran. Kuwaas oo ka mid ahaa saraakiisha NKVD ku qaba tababarka lagama maarmaanka ah, iyo climbers xirfadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa iyadoo ay kaalmo aan territory buurta free waayeen ka Jarmalka.

Burburkii ka mid ah "Operation Edelweiss"

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan dagaal la socdo hal dhibic ka leexdo iyo qiyaano, taasoo keentay ka soo gaartay oo ka mid ah ciidamada Jarmal ee Stalingrad. Oo in kastoo waqti horyaalka Paulus weli sii waday in ay iska caabin ah, waxa uu ahaa cad in natiijada dagaalka natiijadeeda la ah.

Sida ay dhacdo of guuldaradii Jarmal ee Stalingrad Mountain Division ayaa la rogrogo hareereeyeen, taliyayaasha Wehrmacht siiyey amarka ay ka baxaan aagga of Caucasus. Sayidka, hawlgalka "Edelweiss" si guul bilaabay oo si weyn loo dallacsiiyey Wasaaradda Goebbels jeestay failure.

geesiyaal la magacaabin oo ay geesinimo

Waa wax murugo leh, laakiin ninna ka units geesi dhintay soo sameeyey tylovikov iyo budonovtsev hore ee aan la darjada u sharaxan abaalmarinta, oo meel kasta oo iyaga xusuustooda dhignay taxadiri. Waxaa intaa dheer, mid aan la garaneyn ilaa tan iyo magacyada jilayaasha, sida haddiiba soo ururiyey shirkad, sida kor ku xusan, wuxuu lahaa ma aha oo kaliya tiro ciidan ah, laakiin xitaa liiska shaqaalaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mudnaanta dadkan waa caadi, sababta oo ah kaliya si ay u dhiirranow mahad u suurtagashay in ay qabsadaan Elbrus ciidamada Jarmal oo aan iyaga ha, Goldogob kala duwan Caucasus, dhuftay gadaal ka mid ah Ciidamada Soviet, in ay iska caabin weerarka Ciidanka "A" Jarmal iyo "B". Ay feat ahaa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyin badan oo geesinimo askari Soviet ceebaalowyo in dagaalkii Patriotic Great oo dhan waxaa la guddoonsiiyey.

"Operation Edelweiss", uuraysatay, oo waxay soo qaadeen by Jarmalka sida ay xeerarka farshaxanka military, la kulmeen iska caabin ah dadka adkaysasho in laga gudbo awoodaha aadanaha dhabta ah, oo rajadiisuna ay guul ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn.

xusuustiisu sano dagaalka

Maalmahan, Taalladaas kaliya ee dhacdooyinka yihiin arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee Elbrus waa buurta ugu sareeya ee hotel ee Midowga Soofiyeeti (4130 mitir heerka badda), mar loo yaqaan "kow iyo toban Shelter" iyo gubay hoos ee 1998. Inta lagu jiro mudada goorta qalliin ayaa la fuliyaa by Jarmalka "Edelweiss" ah (Bob) dhexdeeda xarunta Mountain Division Vermahta.

Sababta oo ah shirkadda geesinimada ah ee Lieutenant Grigoryants iyo feat ee dadweynaha guud ayaa aad u yar ka warqabaan, farqiga this go'aansadeen in ay buuxiyaan filim Ruush. In 2012, agaasimayaasha Ruslan Bozhko Igorem Malahovym oo documentary "Operation" Edelweiss "ayaa laga duubay. qarsoodiga Last. " Filim sameeyey shaqo weyn, qalabka lagu kaydiyaa buugagga taariikhda oo ka mid ah gudaha iyo dibadda barashada.

Sababta samaynta filimka bilaabay muuqashada saxaafada oo ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in maalmahaas on dalcadaha climbers Elbrus waa sii kordheysa bilaabay inuu helayo dhawrayay baraf ayaa weli ka mid ah askarta Soviet. Sababtoo ah, sida laga soo xigtay warbixin rasmi ah, in meel ka mid ah tallaabooyinka military weyn aan la fuliyay (amarka Soviet ma doonayo inaan ka fekero Taangiyo ay), su'aasha kacay, waxa halkaas ku dhacay intii lagu jiray dagaalka? Tan iyo markii uu noqday ogyahay geesinimo ee askari, iyada oo loo marayo taas oo hawlgal la curyaamiyey by "Edelweiss" iyo saaray caqabad ah oo jidka ku ah naasiga oo saliid Caucasian.