The kala duwan ugu wanaagsan ee baaraha ee Belarus, Review, beeraha, Jubbooyinka

booska juquraafi ahaaneed ee dalka aan la oran karo waa ugu fiican ee beerista of jardiinooyin Queen - baaraha. Breeders ka shaqaynayaan in la hagaajiyo dhirta jira iyo afgembi cusub. Noocyo ka mid ah baaraha ee Belarus, sida, runtii, meelo kale, ku kala duwan yihiin ku fulan, tayada miraha iyo sifooyinka kale. Xuduudda kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u gaaraan dhalidda ugu wanaagsan ee aagga gaar ah.

pear

Xusuuso of pear ah waxaa laga heli karaa taariikhda Ruush jir shukaansi ka qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad. Maanta, adduunka oo dhan waxaa lagu beerayaa kun oo noocyo of geed midho this. Kasta wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin ay soo jireenka ah, taas oo ay sababtay sifooyinka dhul, cimilada, ciidda, roobab. Thermophilic pear ah - xaqiiqo dhab ah oo si fiican u yaqaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, breeders u suurtagashay in ay keenaan kala duwan, dhammaataan ku xayiran iyo cimilooyinka meeldhexaadka ah.

noocyo ka mid ah baaraha ee Belarus (Fulham dib u eegista iyo beeralayda waxa ay xaqiijin), sooneyey meelaha gaarka ah ee dalka, siin goosashada aad u fiican. midhaha macaan iyo delicious waqti ay u bislaadaan, iyo milkiilayaasha yididiilo jannooyin ka usbuucii la soo dhaafay ee July iyo dhamaadka November.

Baaraha ee Belarus

In ka badan 20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, ee kala duwan ugu wanaagsan ee baaraha for Belarus ayaa noqday breeders dhowr hay'adaha sayniska. iyaga ka mid ah, All-Ruush Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Beeraha (Michurinsk), Belarus Research Institute of Beeraha, faraysaa. Currently, daraasiin kala duwan la heli karo si beeralayda si guul baaro oo lagu talinayaa in beerashada ee cimilada ee dalka.

The ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah:

1. xagaagii hore:

• Lipno.
• Lada.
• August sayax.
• Skorospelka of Michurinsk.

2. xagaaga dambe:

• Chizhovski.
• Rogneda.
• Duhmjanyj.
• Lagodnaya.

3. Dayrta:

• Malana Efimova.
• Xasuusta Zhegalova.
• Karamell.

4. Winter:

• Belarus ka dib.
• Baro Kiev.
• jiilaalka Kyrgyz.
• November The.

geedaha Kuwan waxaa aad u fiican ku habboon cimilada ee dalka, ka yar u nugul cudurka ka badan kala duwan ee ka weyn - Bessemyanka ama Tonkovetka. baaraha caan waa in tartiib la kordhiyo, inkastoo la'aanta ah ee macluumaadka ku saabsan guulaha ay saamayn taranta casriga ah. beeralaydu oo dhan aanay ka warqabin updates, samayn ma mar walba fursad u leeyihiin inay soo iibsadaan qalabka beerto. kala duwan kala duwan ee dhirta, waxaad dooran kartaa fasalka ku haboon meesha aad degan tahay. Dhalidda, iska caabin ah cudurka iyo la qabsashada wanaagsan si ay xaaladaha dibadda noo oggolaan in ay ku hadlaan ma aha oo kaliya ee beer ka hiwaayadda, laakiin sidoo kale on beero ganacsi tab ee gobollada waqooyiga ee Belarus.

kala soocidda

Seynisyahanno sooco baaraha dhowr arimood. Key:

1. Isticmaalka:

• madaxtooyada - fiican ee beeraha muuqaalka dhirta iyo beeraha, midhaha ka ma aha kuwo la cuni karo, laakiin muuqaalka waa Garaaci quruxda caleenta,
• midhaha, markeeda, waxay noqon kartaa:

• farsamo - isticmaalaa warshadaha cuntada ee processing ah;
• Suxuunta ay macmacaan ama - baabbi'iyey cusub;
• oo isu - ku haboon processing, iyo isticmaalka cusub.

2. Muddada koriinkedu:

• xagaaga ama hore - miro dabayaaqadii July - August hore,
• dayrta ama bartamihii - goosashada ee September iyo October,
• jiilaalka ama dabayaaqadii - miro gaaraan Huda saari badhtamaha xilliga dayrta-.

3. size miro:

• waaweyn-fruited - 200-500 garaam ama ka badan;
• Dhexe - 80-200 garaam,
• yar-fruited - 30-80 grams;

4. Heerka hardiness:

• Hardy ma Xayiraadda xitaa at heerkul ah -30-35 ⁰ C,
• ma Hardy,

5. dhadhamiya uurjiifka:

• macaan,
• macaan iyo dhanaan,
• macaan-qadhaadh (dhadhan caynkaas ah helay ka content sare ee fareeshka diirka miro).

6. Habka of pollination:

• samoplodnye - had iyo jeer ku siin dhalidda deggan a,
• aan is-pollinated - waxay u baahan tahay a noocyo pollinator gaar ah.

injineernimada beeraha

noocyo beerayaa oo cambaruud ah ee Belarus u baahan tahay daryeel la mid ah sida geedaha yihiin koray in goobaha cimilada kala duwan. qalabka beeraha waxaa ka mid ah dhawr qodob:

1. caga. Ugu fiican ee ciidda - gudboon iyo dhoobo carradu leh dhulka u qoto dheer. lime dhanaan. Location doortay waa qoraxdu iyo windless. Khubarada galin beerto guga, laakiin talinaynaa dayrta - dhamaadka September.

2. Quudinta. dalool beerto waa la dhigay ilaa 10 kg digada humus (compost karto), 50 grams oo 30 garaam oo cusbo potassium superphosphate. Afarta sano ee ugu horreysa oo geedka hoostiisa oo ka dhigi bacrimin nitrogen mar xilli daray bacriminta potash. Laga soo bilaabo sannaddii shanaad oo dhan Bacriminta gundhig ee grooves qoday agagaarka maqnaadaan taajkii.

3. waraabiyaa. Dhirta Young waxaa ka waraabin jireen toddobaadkii hal mar, hal baaldi oo kaliya. In cimilada qalalan kulul iyo inta jeer caadiga ah waraabinta waxaa kor u kacay.

4. jar taajkii. Waxaa la fuliyay guga iyo dayrta, isku midka ah laga saaray, iyo laamo si dhow ula sii kordhaya, waqti aad u dheer soo gaabin. Places xaleef baaraandegi garoonka beerta ama dhuxusha budada ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, shaqo ay qabatay looga baahan yahay ka hortagga cudurka, manjooyin caafimaadka, daaweynta ciidda, ningax (haddii loo baahdo).

noocyo la sii daayay

noocyo kala duwan oo ah baaraha koray ee Belarus beero badan guriga iyo Geedkeeda ganacsiga. xuduuddadhulka ee miiska waa kuwa ugu caansan.

Summer

noocyo pear Summer ee Belarus, a iyo sidoo kale-aasaasay dalka - waa:

1. sano Duchesse. Sida ku dhowaad dhammaan noocyo hore ee baaraha ee Belarus siinayaa goosashada badan ee August. miisaanka miro - ilaa 80 garaam, dhadhanka macaan tahay, jilicsan, si liidata la ilaashaa, aan ka badnayn laba todobaad. jidhku waa ganaax-grained, nasoo, diirka iftiin Matt huruud ah. Fruiting bilaabmaa at 7-8 sano, waxaa u dul qaadasho dhaxan adkaysi u qolof.

2. fanaaniinta Efimova. Waxay ka dhigan tahay noocyo xagaaga oo soo daahay oo cambaruud ah ee Belarus. Natiijo gudbaya jecel Clapp iyo Tonkovetki. Miraha on sannaddii siddeedaad, siinta wax-soosaarkooda sare deggan bilowga September. Midheheedii ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 120 garaam, meelo godgodan oo-jaalle ah. Inta badan baaraha daboolay guduudayn mugdiga cas. jidhku waa dhanaan-macaan, wax yar ka macaan, dhexdhexaad hadda nasoo, cad. Kaydinta muddo laba toddobaad ah. Geedaha ayaa si fiican u adkeysan dhaxan yihiin adkaysi u qolof.

dayrta

noocyo dayrta oo cambaruud ah ee Belarus (miraha photo hoos ku arki kartaa) siin beergooyska tan iyo bilowgii September si November. Waxaa wanaagsan ee ku kaydsan marka la barbardhigo xagaaga. Collection waxaa lagu fuliyaa si deg deg ah (wax ka badan 6-7 maalmood), ka hor inta laga badiyay muuqaal la soo bandhigi karo iyo dhadhan. noocyo Common:

1. Chizhovski. Keligiis ayaa midhaha bixiya, waayo, 3-4 sano, waxa lagu gartaa wax-soosaarkooda sare. miisaanka Fruit - 140 garaam. diirka waa siman Matt, jaalle ah, waxaa jira guduudayn yar. dhadhanka pear saxarka dhanaan-macaan yahay hurdi ama caddaan, juiciness dhexdhexaad ah. Go'ay dabayaaqadii August, ku kaydsan yihiin ilaa 3 bilood. Fasalka waartaa xaaladaha cimilada kasin, dhaxan.

2. Si fudud Maria. Fruiting bilaabo sannaddii saddexaad, dhalidda deggan a. Large, kor ah oo miisaankeedu yahay in ay 190 garaam oo miraha jilicsan jidhka saliid leh. diirka The huruud ah iftiin leh guduudayn casaan yar yahay. Adkaysi u cayayaanka iyo cudurada, dhaxan ma uu cabsan. Go'ay dayrta, midhaha lagu kaydin karaa ilaa November.

Winter

noocyo pear Winter ee Belarus yihiin dadka beeralayda hiwaayadda. feature A garan noocyo miro sida uu yahay tayada haynta ay (waa la kaydin karaa ishii). Miraha isku dayayaan in ay soo ururin goor danbe oo suurto gal ah, waqti isku mid ah iyaga ka foodaraha. Waxaa jira noocyo dhowr ah oo ugu wanaagsan dabaqaa xaaladaha cimilada ee dalka:

1. jiilaalka Kyrgyz. Waxaa siinayaa a dhalidda sare deggan on 6-7 sano. Isteroberi bilaabaan si ay u ururiyaan in toddobaadka ugu horreeya ee October, weli cagaaran, la xiriiri a of guduudayn casaan. Miisaanka waa 250 garaam. koriinkedu Full waa in December, maqaarka uu noqdo jaallaha ah, oo midab magenta noqdo. Miraha The dhadhan fiican, caraf udgoon u wacan, jidhka waa cad yahay oo hadda nasoo. Fasalka si ammaan ah u dulqaadan dhaxan iyo abaarta, adkaysi u qolof.

2. Belarus ka dib. Waxaa midho sannaddii 5aad. dhalidda ugu badan ee ilaa 90 kg halkii geed, siinta sanadkii 10aad. Fruit oo miisaankeedu yahay celcelis ahaan 100 garaam, macaan la sourness a cabdo. jidhku waa nasoo, cad, wax yar dufan leh. Habboon ee loo isticmaalo ka October in February. Daa'imaan laga yaabaa in ilaa May (in coolers). Peel maqlaan, xoqdo, orange-jaalle ah, mararka qaarkood daboolay cas miro guduud. kala duwan oo qabow u adkaysta, ma aha qolof saameysey, caanka ah ee qaybo ka mid ah badhtamaha iyo koonfurta dalka.

noocyo cusub

noocyo Popular iyo si ballaaran loo adeegsaday baaraha ee Belarus si tartiib tartiib ah u lumiyaan caabiga cudurada. Bere Slutskaya, saliid, Belarus ka dib sanadihii la qoyan iyo qabow xagaaga ballaaran qolof saameysey. Seynisyahanno doonayaan in ay keeni ma aha oo kaliya noocyo cusub, laakiin sidoo kale inay la qabsadaan kuwa hadda jira in xaaladaha cimilada ee dalka. Xasuusta Yakovlev Chizhovski, Severyanka waxaa soo bandhigay noocyo.

In 2005, cusub "dadka deegaanka pear" of Belarus ku daray:

1. Lagodnaya - hybrid 81-13 / 64. periodicity ee dalagga ee sannadkii 4aad. miisaanka Fruit 150 garaam oo ku fulan dhammaadkii August, saxarka waa nasoo, macaan iyo dhanaan, aan dhab ahayn, la caraf udgoon macaan. diirka The waa ku cagaar leh dhibicyo badan oo cawlan. Go'ay dabayaaqadii August, waxaa kor u kaydiyaa ilaa 3 toddobaad.

2. Fun - seedling 5/20. geedo midho leh oo 5-6 sano, beergooyskuna waa arrin deggan, waxay kordhisaa la da'da. Miraha ilaa miisaantaan 120 grams, maqaarka ka da.ay, dhaldhalaalaan, markii rasaas qeybtii labaad ee September meelo godgodan oo-jaalle ah ku fulan (3 todobaad ka dib) ka dib markii - huruud ah oo dahab ah. jidhku waa dhaylo ah, macaan-dhanaan, beduliyum.

beergooyska

Belarus Research Institute of Beeraha bixisaa noocyo of tufaax iyo isteroberi ee Belarus si fiican u buuxiya shuruudaha beeralaydu iyo warshadaha cuntada. Intii lagu guda jiray shaqada (tan iyo 1925), khubaro ku bartay in ka badan 1,000 noocyo ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan.

Soo xulay oo lagu talinayaa in baaraha xuduuddadhulka soo saaro dalagga a hufan. Record ahaa 2006-2007 iyo 2009-2010, marka beergooyska guud ee gaaray 61,000 tons.

isticmaalka

Isteroberi isticmaalaan inta badan cusub. Miraha ay hodan ku fitamiin iyo macdan. Dhakhaatiirta ku talinaynaa sida wax soo saarka cuntada oo la content hooseeyo ee calories iyo sonkorta. ka compotes midhaha brewed, hakadka, hakadka, midhaha la qalajiyey la goostay. Waxaa aad u ballaaran loo isticmaalo in wax lagu karsado waa pear. Oo Kaliya ma ahan Macacaanka - miro wanaagsan oo leh hilibka.

Wood uu leeyahay tayo gaar ah - waxa gabi ahaanba ma hoos gasho lahayo ku. Horseedayaashii isticmaali taliye sare oo alwaax laga sameeyey pear. decoration guriga Fine iyo alaabta guriga ka qori pear gaaro dhiigga baaraandegi madow sameeyey, u muuqataa mid qaali ah, sida haddii ay ka haabniim ah.