Taariikhda ruuxiga ah iyo Knights ah. Taariikhda amarka ciidamada

Xaaladan amarka ciidamada loola jeedaa jeer oo ka mid ah yimaddeen, kaas oo abaabulay kaniisadda Catholic ka qarnigii sagaalaad. Hadafka la wanaagsanaayeen, xoraynta ee Palestine, oo xabaashay Quduuska ah ee Yeruusaalem, laakiin dhibaatada marayay oo aan ka yarayn loola dhaqmo, oo madax Catholics, oo ay Saliibiyiintu ka naftooda ay u baahan yihiin dalalkii cusub iyo maal magaalooyinka bariga heel.

Si military Waxbarashada

Marka qalcaddayda Yeruusaalem dhiibay bannaan ee 1099, Pope u duceeyeen abuuro hay'ado cusub si ay u ilaaliyaan oo u difaacaan hantidada Christian iyo naftooda xajka ka Islaamiyiinta maxaliga ah. Base mar hore abuuray - walaalnimo xagga ruuxa kala duwan, oo ka mid ah oo la sameeyay ka amar ruuxiga ah iyo knightly ah Hospitallers, Templars ah, iyo qaar kale.

adag tahay in la heshiisiiyo labada horjeeda, sida uu sheegay, Qorniinka dhalashada labaad - Ilaah iyo adeeg milatari, halkaas oo ay lahaayeen in ay dilaan iyagoo caynkooda ah u gaar ah. Laakiin by qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad taariikhda ruuxiga ah iyo Knights ayaa koray oo ay fikirkooda u gaar ah, xaq ma aha oo kaliya abuurka, laakiin sidoo kale hab ee Knights nolosha crusading.

nidarradeedii oo quduuska ah

Knight, amarka soo socda, wuxuu noqday wadaad ah, keeno nidarradeedii saboolnimada, addeecidda, isdhawra, iyo intransigence in dil aan sax ahayn ee waajib ah hoteelada. Ugu badan, kuwaas oo ku biiray Amarka, ciidamada noqday wadaad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka, iyo in wareegga of xoojisaa ayaa had iyo jeer lagu qabtay iyaga u gaar ah, koox oo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah amar ku helay sareysa, xitaa dumarka.

Anshaxa ku jiray ciidan ah, oo dhan ay addeecin madaxa - Master Grand ah, Grandmaster, taas oo samayn karin warbixinta kaliya ee Pope ka. Taliyayaashii, kaas oo ku taalla amarka dalka military (Templars iyo qof kasta oo kale) haddii aadan u soo galeen ciidan, xaq uma laha in ay u codeeyaan, xitaa ka sii badan - amarka, ma ay lahayn.

madaxda

Taariikhda si ruuxa-knightly la qoray on loox gaar ah. From diinta iyo midba midka kale ka amar knightly dharka kala duwan iyo charter gaar ah, kaas oo lagu saxiixay doonaan by Pope ka. Laakiin, ka duwan suufiyadoodii ah, Knights, suufiyadoodii oo safafka aad u koraan, si dhakhso ah, sida ay dagaal joogto ah loo baahan yahay.

Knights ma aha oo kaliya magaalooyinka bariga dhacay, way jebiyeen amarradiisa badan oo Masiixa, in ay lacag ku deymin at xiiso, ka faaidaysta dadka deegaanka ah ayaa ku hawlan ka ganacsiga addoonta. Iyo si tartiib ah si weyn hodan ku ah. Knight Salibiiga qarnigii sagaalaad ahaa ka dhigiisa in saddex iyo sida samada iyo dhulka kala duwan. Waa in aan qirto in, ka dib markii uu noqday hodan, qaar badan oo ka mid ah Order ee lacagta maal-sayniska.

Xubin kasta oo ka mid ah Order ahaa meel gaar ah. Waqti ka, waxay u aqoonsan karin dhar (kaliya bilaabay, dabcan). Templars - in dhar cad oo iskutallaabta cas, Hospitallers ah - in madow, Knights of Order Teutonic ah - oo dhar cadcad xidhan oo iskutallaabta madow.

Taariikhda si ruuxa-knightly muujinaysaa in iskutallaabta gaar ah tolaa dharka dibi le'daan ogol yahay oo keliya in 1146, oo aan oo dhan hal mar, laakiin kaliya ay ugu sharaf leh oo ka mid ah Knights dhiigga. Waqti ka, sida yimaddeen qani khasnadda ah ma aha oo kaliya amarka, laakiin sidoo kale ka mid ah Knights shaqsi, raaxo ah xataa dharka aadan iyaga ka sugaan.

Saddex Order maamulaha

Ka hor bilowgii qarnigii shan iyo taariikhda si ruuxiga ah ee Knights inta lagu guda jiro yimaddeen yar qeexayaa in ka badan labaatan abaalmarinta, seddex ka mid ah - ugu qani ah, awood iyo xoog. Waxay lahaa sida gobolka weyn in ay ahaayeen Boqorka masayr ah. Halkan waa Seddex la yaab leh:

• hospitallers Order (ioannitov).
• Templar Order (macbudka).
• Teutonic (Jarmal) Order.

Taariikhda si ruuxa-knightly la qoray ma aha oo kaliya in Dhulka Quduuska ah. Saliibiyiinta qaybqaatay dagaallo dhammaan meelaha dunida Christian. In Spain ugu horeysay bilaabay dagaal Knights Templar iyo Hospitaller Order, iyo Teutons ayaa rabbeeyey oo dhan Bartamaha iyo Waqooyiga Yurub. In Yurubta Bari, sumcad ay ciidamada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ku dhamaaday (xusuuso Peipus iyo Aleksandra Nevskogo).

Taariikhda ruuxiga ah iyo Templar Knights ah

xaalad waaaweyn ogol yahay amray in dalka ugu fiican soo iibsato badan oo Yurub ah. Taasoo cadeyn u ah xoogga Templar Knights ah, tusaale ahaan, qabtay ay lacag u gaar ah, si xor ah ku socday oo dhan of Europe. lacagta birta ah ayaa la sameeyay oo lacag iyo dahab, oo waxaa jiray dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah in Templars ee la Wadaajiyey Aaway daahfurtay alchemical, sida fiirsato oo dahab ah ka hogaanka ...

Ururku wuxuu ku noolaan karaa muddo dheer. Back ee 1118 sagaal Knights Faransiis hogaaminayo Hugues de Payena iyo Geoffroy de Saint-Ome ayaa difaacaneysa wadada Yeruusaalem ka Badda Mediterranean-ka ka dib markii Weerar saliibi ah First. First of dhan, dad sodcaal ah Christian ka tuugo iyo tuugada. By King Baldwin Yeruusaalem, waxay heleen degenaansho ah, magaca oo markii danbe u yimid in loogu yeedho - Temple Castle, dhisay on site macbudka hore ee Sulaymaan. Order Tani ah magacyada dhowr:

• Dalbo Knights saboolka ah (ama walaalo) macbudka Yeruusaalem (Sulaymaan ama macbudka).
• Order of Templars ah.
• Order of The Templar Knights ah.

charter

Yaa doonayo inuu ku biiro Order ee Knights hubaal uu suufiyadoodii noqday - kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, masaakiinta iyo guursan. Waxa uu ahaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruuc aad loogu guulaystay. Taariikhda ruuxiga ah iyo Knights ayaa sheegay in afkiisa ahaa mid ka mid ah ugu hawl badan oo adag, oo wuxuu hormariyey gaar St. Bernard, ansixiyey isla - Pope Eugene III ee 1128, taas oo ah, ka dib markii muddo tobaneeyo sano ah ee jiritaanka aan rasmi ahayn.

Order of The Templar Knights ku lahaa inay iska ilaawaan waxyaalaha dunida, oo ay ku jiraan qaraabadooda, inay kibis oo keliya iyo biyo, iyo dharka cuno ee dharka ugu fudud oo xunxunna. Isagu ma uu yeelan karaan hanti kasta. Haddii wax uu uu dhintay ka dib helay dahab ama lacag, dhulka quduus ka mid ah qubuuraha, isagu ma uu ahaa kiiska.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxan oo dhan waxba uma looga hortago Templars noqon macdanta aad u hunguri weyn, madadaalo, iyo xataa Khamriga. shuqullada farshaxanka qoran oo ku saabsan time in, tusaale ahaan, novel ah "Ivanhoe" Valtera Skotta, ilaalin lahaa runta taariikhi ah, oo laga helo taariikhda taariikhiga ah.

Qeybtu waxay galay fasalada iyo tabeelooyin

Xaafadaha ee Templars ahaayeen. Tani waxay xaqiiqdii waa mashruuca xaq urureed. Taariikhda ruuxiga ah iyo Knights ilaalinaysay saddex kooxihii inoo: dhabta ah Knights, wadaaddada iyo kuwa lagu magacaabo saraakiishii, taas oo ka mid ah oo dhan safafka hoose: bogagga, hantilayaasha, askari, annagoo addoommadaada ah, ilaalada, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Waa in aan qirto in la waxaas oo dhan horyaalka heerka soodajiyo nidarradooda qaaday wax walba, oo uu qaynuunnadayda oo dhan waa tirsan yihiin si siman immaculately lahaa si ay u qabtaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka laga reebo in xeerka uu ahaa ku filan.

Waayo daruuri dharkiisa oo dhan Templar Knights ku cad, sida maro oo kale, iyadoo sideed-dhuuban Malta cross casaan. Haddaba saraakiishii baa sidoo kale ku labisan brown, iskutallaabta ahaa isku mid. Baro Templar waddada noqon kartaa in dhawaaqaya dagaal "Bosean!", Oo calanka - madow maro cad oo ku dhiga ah ee Laatiin - "Ma noo, Rabbiyow," (eraygii ugu horeeyay ee aayadda sagaalaad oo isku ah boqol iyo sabuur iyo tobnaad).

Astaanta Templar ahayd calaamad u ah saboolnimo: on waxay muujinayaa laba Knights on mid faras. Haddii geesigeeda la socday ridayo, ka dibna wuxuu kaxaystay iskutallaabta on laabtiisa, iyo gadaal - on dhabarka. Style, cut, size iyo qalabka dharka, iyo sidoo kale meesha uu iskutallaabta inta badan qudhiisu doortay.

siyaada Qaranka iyo fasalka

Templar Knights ayaa marka hore uga sooco, oo kaliya Faransiiska ah oo sharaf leh dhalashada. Wax yar ka dib, fursaddan si aad u hesho Ingiriisi ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Knights ku noqday Spain, iyo Italy, iyo Flemings ah. Kaliya Knights yaabaa qaadan hoggaanka jagooyinka - ka Grand Master iyo Master ee hanti u Castellan, kapitulera, drapiera.

Haddaba saraakiishii baa noqday muwaadiniinta hodanka ah, kuwaas oo lagu qabtay jagooyin wanaagsan xisaabaadka, hantilayaasha, sayidyada iyo hayuhu. Kuwa saboolka, tegey addoommadiisii, askar ama ammaanka.

Kiniisadda oo ka mid ah Church of Rome iyo Pope isaga qudhiisa ku wadaaddadii Order ma maamuli karayn. Si Milatariga ee Templars ka dalbaday in uu ka tago wadaaddadii baahida xagga ruuxa, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Knights oo dhan ayaa xaq u confessor ah. Qirasho iyo wadaagis ee xubnaha Order kaliya nadaamka iyo wadaad u diri doono, maxaa yeelay, wax badan oo qarsoon dhawray, oo ka Church Catholic Roman ah.

Inkasta oo qaynuunnadii adag oo ay xeradii oo nolosha, Order Templar si deg deg ah u noqday caan ah. A dhowr sano ka dib sagaal Knights biiray saddex boqol ka badan, oo ay ku jiraan dad badan oo ka mid ah madaxdii caleemo saaray. Tirada saraakiishii, dabcan, sidoo kale kor u kacay.

Halkee xaabo?

Ka tirsan Order siiyey ammaanka gaarka ah iyo taageerada ee dheeraadka ah ee gobolka labadaba. Xumeeya xubin ka mid ah Order ma ahaa. "Mid ka mid ah loogu talagalay oo dhan" - dhiga ah, ku dhashay meel fog ka musketeers ugu horeysay.

Naadiyey Order gataan si degdeg ah ku taajireen. Iyagoo keliya ma aha, maxaa yeelay, taliyayaasha inta badan isaga dardaarmo iyo maal cayinnayn. tuulooyinka oo dhan, magaalooyinka, kaniisadaha, Daar, iyo Biyac, muddo ka dib, si ay ka tirsan tahay Order. Khushuucdo waxay siiyeen canshuurta iyo canshuuraha. Xaqiiqada ah in amarka ciidamada Templars la hawlan Ribada.

Ma aha Yuhuudda iyo Order ee Templar Knights abuuray nidaamka bangiyada of Europe ah. In qarniyadii dhexe, Yuhuuddu waxay ahaayeen oo keliya a wadada lacagta bedbeddelayay, iyo Templars ay horey u lahaa nidaamka credit, biilasha, lacag u gaar ah. Waxay ku shaqeeya ma dahab ah oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale securities.

Tegin Cross ah

Templars ayaa xusay sida khayaanada ugu weyn ee ganacsiga warbaahinta iskutallaabta Masiixa. Kaasi waxa uu ahaa, iyo in October 1240, markii Dimishaq iyo Masar Muslimiinta dirireen, Saliibiyiintu ka soo qaaday dhinaca Masar, heshiis heshiis, oo aad hesho waxa ka weyn, Yeruusaalem ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin ku dhowaad dhammaan of Palestine. Majar! Templars ayaa sidoo kale, adigoo heshiis kula Dimishaq, weeraray Masriyiinta, wada jir ah ula Knights Teutonic iyo Hospitallers ah. Haddaba waxay ahayd dheeraad ah oo naxariisdarro badan Muslimiinta la Yuhuudda. Dhiig gaadhay fardahana ugu jilbo joogay isagoo, sida taariikhda Order ruuxiga ah iyo knightly of Templar Knights ah. Xitaa saliibiyiinta la shaqayn jiray ayaa looma oggola inay aaseen meydadkooda. In 1243 Muslim oofin in buuxa iyo Templars Yeruusaalem ku qaaday dib, rasaas nool Teutons saddex keliya, lix iyo labaatan iyo saddex iyo soddon Hospitaller Templar.

saliibiyiinta dheeraad ahaayeen sida dad badan, oo si guul leh. In 1298 Master ee la soo dhaafay Grand of Order noqday Zhak De Mole. Fikradda ah yimaddeen ayaa baxay, Persica d'raison of suufiyadoodii ciidamada noqday cadda. In Knights Teutonic weli lahaa qayb ka ah shaqada - qarni iyo badh ah. Laakiin Templars ahaa raaxo inay ku maal aan weligood ku riyoon jiray, iyo boqorrada fadhiisan. Temple kowaad wuxuu ahaa dunida Muslim, iyo amarka ciidamada Templars kaalinta joogitaanka ee Cyprus - waxaa la aasaasay magangal ee Kiristanka, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan inay ka baxaan Palestine, laakiin in aan la filayaa in Europe.

tuugo

Karl Valua, walaalkiis of King Philip Fair ah, uu bilaabay dagaalka kula Byzantium. Iyada oo Masiixiyada Greek dagaalka fududaatay badan la Muslimiinta. Templars The, halkii la Andaronikos dagaal, tag xeebta ee Thrace iyo Fesaloniki in Moravia, halkaas oo horey u xukumi jiray galaya.

Fiirsato of Templars ahaa taajir. Laakiin ciqaab Yurub ka fallaagoobay. Yaa ayaa xiiseyneysa in ay ciidan ku dhow shan iyo toban kun oo askari, kuwaas oo, si fiican u hubaysan iyo dagaal-sii qallafsanaaday, si la mid ah dagaal badan, ula kac ah iyo si xirfad leh u suurtagashay? Iyo, dabcan, damac door: Templars waxay ahaayeen fantastik ah, cajiib ah oo hodan ah.

In 1307 Philip Fair soo saaray amar ah in la soo xiro oo dhan Templar Knights ee dalka. Maxaabiista waxashnimo ah jirdilay, rogmadaan saamiga ah. khasnadda Faransiis la taaban karo ku hodanaynta. Taariikhda Order ruuxa-chivalric ee Knights Templar ee ka dhammaadeen.