Taariikhda horumarka computer: Dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah.

Taariikhda horumarka computer waxa uu la xidhiidhaa magacyada saynisyahano caan ah kuwaas oo si kalsooni leh u socday dhinaca ay gool - si loo fududeeyo howsha dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha iyadoo la kaashanayo mashiinada.

Taariikhda horumarka computer. mashiinada tirinta

Blez Paskal (1623-1662). Wixii dhowr sano, saynisyahan dhallinyarada ayaa sameeyay in ka badan konton lagu daydo ee mashiinada Kombuyuutarada, isku dayayaan in ay caawiyaan aabbihiis tixgeliyo canshuurta. In 1645 wuxuu abuuray "Pascaline", taas oo u oofin iskugeynta iyo kalagoynta.

Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits (1646-1716) soo jeediyay mashiin la xisaabinayo, oo wuxuu u bixiyey mishiinka ku daray. Waxay ka fuliyeen dhammaan hawlaha xisaabta.

Charlz Bebbidzh (1792-1872) - mishiinka barnaamijka ay gacanta ku hayso kowaad wuxuu ahaa ku dhowaad dhamaystirtay oo ka koobnaa laba qaybood: xisaabiyo iyo print. Waxaan horey fikrad muddada-dheer ee xasuusta mishiinka iyo processor a. Kaaliyaha saynisyahan Augusta Ada Lavleys ayaa sameeyay barnaamijka ugu horeysay adduunka ee kombiyuutarka.

Taariikhda horumarka computer. fikradaha cusub, hindisooyin cusub.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - abuurtay ee 1888 by tabulator ah - isagoo intaa ku daray mashiinka la biiro koronto. Loo isticmaalo horumarinta kaararka feer Jaccard.

By 1900 sano ee soo saarka mass ka mid ah calculators farsamo iyo ka dib farsamada korontada.

Forest - 1906 - abuurka ah ee tube vacuum saddex-koronto ah (triode). Daahfurka ka dib noqon doono wadadii uu abuurka ah ee computer ah.

Konrad Tsuze (Germany) Been abuurtay, warbixin cusub oo farsamo, habka 1938 code binary. In 1941 wuxuu u muuqday oo ku saleysan Relays korontada, kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa ugu horeysay computer barnaamijka upravlyamym. Waxay sameeyaan xisaab, oo ay ku jiraan hal dhibic sabayn.

Dzhon Mochli iyo Presper Eckert - 1946 ee Pennsylvania horumariyo computer ugu horeysay. Waxay ahayd mid la odhan jiray ENIAC, hanataan ah barnaamijkii automatic.

Dzhon Fon Neyman (1903-1957) - xisaabyahan diyaariyey mabda'a ah "barnaamijka lagu kaydiyaa".

1949 - Jaamacadda Cambridge - a Ingiriisi EDSAK cusub haystay oo dhan ayaa qayb ka ah kombiyuutarada elektaroonik ah oo casri ah.

Taariikhda horumarka computer. Soviet The ugu horeysay.

In 1951, waxaa jiray SECM ah (mashiinka Kombuyuutarada electronic yar), kaas oo lagu horumariyo by saynisyahano hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Lebedev shaybaar u dhow Kiev. Mar dambe waxaa la Been abuurtay, iyo kuwa kale, sida ugu fiican ee kaas oo si demoqaraadiyad ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay computer ah "M-20" (abuuray hoos imaanaya hoggaanka SA Lebedev), oo ahaan jiray labaatan kun oo hawlgallada per labaad.

Taariikhda ah ee kombiyuutarada. Ka ab ka ab.

Computers qarnigan ugu horeysay ee (50-60 sano ee qarnigii labaatanaad). element ugu weyn - tube vacuum ah. mugga weyn (waxay qabsadeen meel 170 mitir oo laba jibbaaran) iyo miisaanka oo ka mid ah mashiinka (30 tons). Alifay goostay goobo ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee computer: processor, xusuusta, qalabka la gelin-saarka.

jiilka labaad Computer (60-65 sano ee qarnigii labaatanaad). Cunsurka saldhig - transistors Semiconductor. Capacity Memory (Quluubtooda magnetic) kordhay 32 jeer, xawaaraha kor u kacay 10 jeer. Iska yaree xajmiga iyo miisaanka baabuurta, iyagoo isku halaynta ayaa kor u kacay. Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal barnaamijyada dalneysheesovershenstvovanie, luqadaha barnaamij cusub oo lagu soosaaray muhiim ah. Muddadan, u abuuray processor IO bilaabaa isticmaalka nidaamyada hawlgalka.

kombiyuutarada-qarnigooda saddexaad ((1965-1970 sano) bedelay transistors saldhig element on wareeggeedii dhafan. cadaato in hoos u size ee kombiyuutarada, qiimahooda. Haddaba waxaad isticmaali kartaa barnaamijyo kala duwan on mashiinka hal. firfircoon horumarinta barnaamijyada.

qarniga afraad ah kombiyuutarada (1970-1984 sannad xisaabeedka) The isbedel saldhigga element ah -. on chip hal tobanaan kun oo alaabta. ballaarinta A weyn ee salka user ah.

Taariikhda xiga ee horumarinta kombiyuutarada iyo ICT la xiriira horumar ah ee microprocessors, horumarinta microcomputers in shakhsiyaad yeelan karaan. Stiv Voznyak horumariyo computer guriga mass ugu horeysay, ka dibna - computer ugu horeysay ee qof ahaaneed.