Taariikhda Brazil: xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh iyo dhacdooyinkii muhiimka ah

Taariikhda Brazil waa beer aad u xiiso badan si loo baadho. In this dalka ugu weyn ee South American qarniyo badan, noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah dhaqanka isku dhafan. Sidaa darteed, waxa xiiso leh oo ay ka buuxaan noocyo kala duwan oo xaqiiqooyinka taariikhda Brazil. Si kooban oo ku saabsan waxaa ka wada xaajoon doona in dib u eegis this.

Brazil ka hor inta daahfurka by Yurub

Taariikhda Brazil ka hor furitaanka ee ay reer Yurub oo aan bartay sida ugu fiican ee aan jeclaan lahaa. Country deggan qabiilooyinka kala duwan ee Indian: xanuun, oo diyaafadaha, guazhazhara, Mundurucu, Tupi, iwm Waxay asal ahaan waxay ahaayeen kuwo heer hoose ah dhaqaalaha reer guuraaga iyo semi-guuraaga ah .. Inkasta oo ay jiraan ahaayeen dalagyada beeraha, tusaale ahaan, on Majayahan Island.

Nor waa qabiilooyinka Indian of Brazil ee muddada pre-gumeysiga aan xitaa u dhow heerka abuurka ah ee ay gobolka u gaar ah.

Imaanshiyaha Yurub ee Brazil

Qoto dheer taariikhda Brazil bedelay, ka dib markii furitaanka ay Yurub. First dalka furay inay Alvares Old World duulaan reer Portugal Pedro ah Cabral, gaareen xeebaha dalka Brazil casriga ah ee 1500. meelahan Cabral yeedhay Earth Vera Cruz (True Cross), laakiin dhowr sano ka dib waxaa la baxshay ka Land of Santa Cruz (Quduuska Cross). Later u helay magaca "Brazil", sida uu sheegay magaca mid ka mid ah dhirta in ay halkan ku koray. Intaa waxaa dheer, discoverer dalalka cusub ee ku salaysan yahay yar qalcado - Fort Seger, kaas oo tarjumayaa marsada ammaan ah.

Waayo, nin socoto si Brazil gaadhay guutadii wax kale ee Yurub badan. Inta badan dalka this bilaabay inuu soo booqdo reer Portugal, si ay u fahmaan waxa maal u leeyahay iyo in keeni kartaa taajkii Portuguese. Intaa waxaa dheer, dalalkan oo ka mid ah ayaa loo arkaa by horyaalka Portuguese dunida ee 1494 u dhexeeya Portugal iyo Spain.

gumeysiga Brazil

Laakiin galootiga joogtada ah ka Portugal in Brazil bilaabay inuu deggan kaliya ee 1530. San Vicente waxaa la aasaasay (1532) iyo Salvador (1549). Arintaan noqday xarunta maamulka ee gumeysi ah.

Brazil dhakhsaha badan noqon doonaa xarunta of-soo-saarka ee qasabka sonkorta. Waxaan baaqbaaq dalagga this, inta badan ee u tiro badan oo ka addoomo madow African laga keeno.

In qeybtii hore ee qarnigii XVII reer Portugal kaasoo Brazil degganaa, in ay la dagaallanto dagaal adag la Dutch, oo sidoo kale sheegtay in ay qayb ka mid ah dhulalka ahaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, gumeysi reer Portugal ayaa la ballaariyey dhulkeeda gudaha.

boqortooyadiisa

Ka dib markii ciidamada Emperor Faransiis ah Napoleon degan dalka reer Portugal, Zhuan Portuguese Korol ku VI gudbeen leh uu maxkamadda si Brazil, halkaas oo uu sameeyey uu deganaansho ee Rio de Janeiro. Sidee ayaa Brazil, isagu ma uu si tallaabo this tag - waa aan la aqoon, laakiin hal wax oo waa cad yahay: waxa ay ahayd bilowga muddada cusub ee taariikhda, markii ay joogsadeen in ay gumeysi ah.

Waa in la ogaadaa in xitaa ka dib markii Napoleon waxaa loo doortay Joao VI ma doonayaan in ay ka laabto Brazil Lisbon. Oo isna sidaasuu yeelay kaliya ee 1821, cadaadis ka wareegyada laandheere reer Portugal. In Brazil, buu wiilkiisa Pedro hadhay xaaladda hadha ah. Laakiin markii baarlamaanka Portuguese isku dayeen in ay si buuxda madax-bannaani ah ee reer Brazil ayaa u baabbi'in, Pedro ayaa diiday in ay soo gudbiyaan oo naftiisa ku wacdiyey gooyo. Laga soo bilaabo tan bilaabaa taariikhda Ingariiska ee gobolka Brazil ah.

Marka ee 1826 ee Brazil Emperor Pedro aabbihiis Portuguese Korol Zhuan VI waan dhintay, ina way diideen inay noqdaan Boqortooyada ee Portugal, oo carshiga dalka tagay gabadhiisa yar. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, walaalkiis Miguel rogay walaasha. Sidaa darteed, Pedro aan casishay carshiga reer Brazil ay guushu ku wiilkiisa dhallaanka Pedro II, iyo alaabtii uu isaga qudhiisu wuxuu u tegey Portugal inuu u soo yeedho qaadashada mas'uuliyadda.

Under Emperor Pedro II ee Brazil noqday awood xoog leh, oo awood u kirjallinen xaaladaha ay qaaradda. Inta lagu guda jiro Empire halkaas joogay jaheeyo ka mid ah takhasuska warshadaha ee dalka la beerista qasabka sonkorta ee beerista of kafeega. Addoonsiga waxaa sii kordheysa u laabatay si ay u asalka ilaa ugu dambeyntii waxaa la mamnuucay in 1888.

Oogidda jamhuuriyad

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo ay guulo dawladda ee, taariikhda Brazil waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan u xuub bedelay. Wadankaas ayaa waxa sii kordhaysa kordhaya ciidamada Jamhuuriga xoog. In 1889, Emperor Pedro II ayaa la dejiyey in inqilaab Majar. Brazil noqotay Jamhuuriyad federaal ah.

Xiliga laga 1889 in 1930 loo yaqaan Jamhuuriyadda Old. In muddo this of time ee dalka waxaa jiray taxane ah oo ifbixii, gaar ahaan caasinimo ee Navy ah (1893-1894 GG.) Oo canudos kacdoonkii (1896-1897 GG.). Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Brazil si rasmi ah u dhaqmeen dhinaca Entente ah, laakiin waa caawinaad dhab ahaa yar.

Xilligii dictatorships

In 1930, Old Republic ayaa gebi ahaanba ka reebtay oo sabab u ah afgambi ku yimid si ay awood xoog siyaasadeed oo madax u Getulio Vargas. Marka ugu horeysa, guddiga Vargas ayaa ansixiyay tiro sharciyo horusocod ah, oo ay ku jiraan Dastuurka, iyo sidoo kale dumarka ayaa la siiyay xaqa codbixinta. Laakiin Itobiya ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday sifooyin socodnimo iyo faashistihii helay. Vargas ayaa bilaabay inay ku baaqaan in ciidamada mucaaradka, iyo in 1937 ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah, kala diri Congress iyo aasaasay Qolyihii talisnimada ah.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in taliskii Vargas ee nooca u ekaa Nazi lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, uu ku biiray ee isbahaysiga anti-Hitler iyo reer Brazil askari oo hore u soo diray.

Dagaalka ka dib, Vargas ayaa lagu qasbay inuu is casilo. Jamhuuriyadda Labaad ayaa waxaa loo aasaasay, taas oo Madaxweynaha uu ahaa wasiirka difaaca hore ee hoos Vargas Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Sidoo kale, dastuurka cusub la ansixiyay. In 1951, Vargas u yimaadeen inay mar kale awood, hadda Madaxweynaha jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah, laakiin 1954 duruufo dahsoon, is.

Madaxweynaha soo socda Zhuselinu Kubichek dhaqaaqay caasimada in ay si gaar ah ujeeddadan darteed loo dhisay, magaalada - Brazil.

In 1964, inqilaab militari, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo madaxda sare ee ciidanka xoogga qabtay dalka. Tani nidaam siyaasadeed talisnimo socday ilaa 1985.

Marxaladda casri ah

Laakiin bartamihii 80s-, waxaa caddaatay in uusan dhici karta in si wax ku ool ah ee dunida casriga ah waqti isku mid ah, Brazil. taariikhda dalka ayaa mar kale beddelay sannadkii 1985 markii cadaadis milateri ee dadka lagu qasbay inay awooda iska dhiibo. doorashooyinka Democratic la qabtay, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo cod la doortay Madaxweynaha Tancredo de Almeida Nevis, ugu dhakhsaha badan u dhintay. xilkiisa bilaabeen inay qabtaan Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka José Sarney. dastuurka cusub la ansixiyay 1988.

In 1989, ugu horreeyey tan iyo 1960-kii doorashadii qaranka ee madaxweynaha. Waxay by Fernando Collor guuleystay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laba sanno ka dib uu ku eedeeyay musuq-maasuq iyo isaga xilka. qaddar a noocan oo kale ah hore u dhacay ee 2016. Madaxweyne Dilma Rousseff. Her bedelka jiray Michelle Saacad.

Currently, Brazil ayaa ka mid ah dalalka dhaqaale ahaan ugu dhaqsiyaha badan sii kordhaya ee adduunka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa ka mid ah shanta dal ee ugu weyn oo ugu dadka dunida oo dhan.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Waxaan bartaan sida si ay u horumariyaan qarniyo badan ee Brazil. xaqiiqooyinka Historical noqon kartaa oo keliya ma aha waano, laakiin sidoo kale oo xiiso leh. On qaar iyaga ka mid ah ayaan ka hadli doonaa maanta.

Caasimadda ah ee casriga ah ee Brasilia waxaa la abuuray 1960-kii sida uu qorshaha naqshada Oscar Nimeiri. Waa mid ka mid ah magaalo-madaxyada yaraa dunida oo dhan. Brazil - mid ka mid saddexaad caasimadda ah ee Brazil , ka dib markii Salvador iyo Rio de Janeiro.

The ugu magaalada ugu weyn ee Brazil waa Sao Paulo, ayaa waligood xaaladda magaalada.

Brazil hiddo ugu casrisan ee line lab nahay farac ka mid ah reer Portugal, iyo hooyada - wakiillo ka socda qabiilooyinka Indian maxaliga ah.

In Rio de Janeiro, set calaamad ee dalka - Taallada Masiix ee Brazil. Sheekadu waxay of this taallo 38-meter-sare bilaabmaa 1922. Waxaa markaas bilaabay dhismaha, iyo munaasabadda ahayd dabaal of centenary ee madaxbanaanida dalka ee. Dhismaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey 1931. Haddaba taalada la aqoonsan yahay mid ka mid ah toddobadii mucjiso casriga ah ee aduunka.