Social Darwinism: aragtida ah cilmiga ama khuraafaad halis ah?

Kaas oo u muuqday in qarnigii XIX ee waxbarashada iyo waxbaris heer kale ee Darwin ee Asalkii Species ka qarxay fikirka Yurub. Waxaa jiray badan oo soo horjeeda aragtida this, laakiin sidoo kale badan oo taageerayaasha ay ugu sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda. Fikradda in noolaha qabsado xaaladaha beddelo iyo badbaadaan koox, kaliya kuwa u suurtagashay in ay la qabsadaan sida, la sameeyey ayaa sal u ah aragtiyaha bulshada badan. Fikradda ah noocyada noolaha noqdaan extrapolated shaqsiyaadka aadanaha, ayaa ceegaagta bulshada, iyo quruumaha oo dhan iyo jinsiyadaha.

positivism falsafada, kaas oo la dhigin in la tixgeliyo horumarinta dunida iyo bulshada horumar joogto ah, soo baxday in ugu nugul waxbarista nin cilmiga nafleyda barta ay cajiib ah. Waxaa ka mid ah positivists ah (A. Small, T. Malthus, Spencer iyo kuwa kale) asalkiisu ka soo jeedo aragtida ah, taasi oo markii dambe heshay magaca waa "Darwinism bulshada." si fudud Seynisyahanno ah dugsigan "rogay" cilmiga ah ee horumar iyo doorashada dabiiciga ah, u talisa duurka, bulshada aadanaha. Sayidka, falsafo British Herbert Spencer ku dooday in badbaadada dadka fittest. Iyo in weedhani positivist caan ah, nasiib daro, bandhigey Jaahil ah oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee bayoolajiga iyo ismaandhaaf ah in dhamaadka aragtida Darwin ee, Saxaabada ka mid ah oo uu isaga qudhiisu loo arkaa in ay.

sheegashada aragti Charles Darwin ee in qofka ugu taam iyo xoog gudbiya xoogga Faracoodii. Tani macnaheedu ma aha in nuqul ka mid daciif ah u dhintaan, si ay u dhintaan gaajo, waxaa kan kalase ama gooyay qaraabadooda. Si fudud ugu habboon hor tagaan dhibaatada xaaladaha dabiiciga ah ee lab uu noqon doono qofka doorbiday indhaha ee dheddigga ah ee raba inay soo gudbiyaan si farcankiisa, genotype this ee. Kala beddelashada genotype xoog leh - waa arrin ku wadista isbedelka of noocyada oo aan qayb ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah. Waxay noqon kartaa unadapted in xaaladaha cusub ee dabiiciga ah ee cayn kasta (aan u laan dhintay-dhamaadka ah ee horumar wac), oo waxaa laga yaabaa in si wakiilada ay bilaabi doonaan in la beddelo iyo umuuruhu.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bulshada Darwinism tixgeliyo doorashada dabiiciga ah sida halgan si ay u noolaadaan noocyada gudahood, oo u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka. Si aad u taajir, kheyraadka dabiiciga ah oo ay leeyihiin awood siyaasadeed - tani ma aha wax la mid ah, in lagu wareejiyo ay hiddawadayaasha in tirada ugu weyn ee farcankiisa. Bilyaneerka laga yaabaa in aan carruur leedahay, ama farcankiisa oo dhan ma yeelan doonaan ugaadhsiga "reflex ku dhegganayd," isku mid ah sida aabbe oo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noocan oo kale ah views shaqsi xoog wax ka beddeli mayso.

Darwinism Bulshada ee hummaag bay ahaayeen oo ma ogtahay sapiens faaftay view sida. Waxa uu dhigin si ay u arkaan in bulshada aadanaha waa shakhsiyaad badan oo go'doon kuwa u nugul in kasta oo kale, waayo, xabbad kibis ah dilo. Tusaale ahaan, mid ka mid ah aragtiyo of aragtida bulsho ee horumar ah ee T. Malthus ku dooday in dadweynaha ee caalamka, xitaa codsanaya hab xoog ah ee wax soo saarka, waxay kordhisaa-nololeedka ee horumarka ah xisaabta, halka ay tahay laftiisa badiyaa in joomateri. Laga soo bilaabo tan ka weyn-dadka iyo la'aanta keentay ilaha dhaqaale ee dhammaan safmar ah ku faafay oo ciyaaray dagaal lagu hoobtay oo in, in mabda, fikrad wanaagsan, sababtoo ah in dagaallada iyo inta lagu jiro safmar ah ugu xoogga badan ay u noolaadaan.

Social Darwinism, by waa tarmay aragti midab ah Fadilmo ee Qaranka Aryan, waxa uu abuuray sida ifafaale fool xun sida fikirka ah ee Socialism Qaranka. fikradda ah in qaar ka mid ah dadka, jinsi ama bulshada kooxaha ay daciif yihiin, sidaasi darteed waa in la midkood u jideeyey, ama xataa halaagnay (xusuusnow in naasiga la diray inay qolladaha gaaska sida ay u gaar ah, ka fikirno way taag-, iyaga ka fiirsaneysa inay wax dhacaan oo darajo sare ah Aryan) si ayaa weli ku nool maskaxda qadayn qaar ka mid ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, dhamaadka 80 madaxdii qarnigii labaatanaad, a saynisyahan caan ah Soviet Nikolai Amosov oo dhan halista tacliinta jeediyay baadhitaan baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah muwaadiniinta Soviet ka soo jeeda kooxaha bulsheed ee kala duwan si ay u iyaga kala galay laba nooc: ku "daciif" iyo "xoog leh". Zh.Sorel loo yaqaan aragtida ah Darwinism bulshada "quraafaad bulshada" in uu wiiqayo fikradda ah caddaaladda bulshada.