Thomas Alva Edison: Biography iyo sawirka

Thomas Alva Edison (sawir lagu muujiyay dambe ee maqaalka) - hindisa American ayaa ka diiwaan gashan rikoor 1.093 shatiyada. Waxa uu sidoo kale abuuray shaybaarka cilmi warshadaha ugu horeysay.

Thomas Alva Edison - waa kuma?

Laga bilaabo xirfadiisa ciyaareed ee 1863, ayey da'yarta xafiiska telegaraafka, halkaas oo shiidaa isha kaliya ee awoodda ahaa batari heer hoose ah, waxaa ilaa dhimashadiisii 1931, ku hawlan hab ee xilligii korontada. From laboratories iyo seminaaro ay yimaadeen phonograph ah, makarafoonka kaabsal carbon ah, incandescent, matoor kacaan hufnaanta aan horay loo arag, habka ugu horeysay ee nalalka ganacsi iyo korontada, tareenka tijaabo korontada, waxyaabaha asaasiga ah ee qalabka filimka, iyo waxay Been Abuuran kale oo badan.

Biography kooban oo ka mid ah da 'yar

Thomas Alva Edison waxa uu ku dhashay on 11.02.1847, in Maylene, Ohio, in qoyska Samyuelya Edisona iyo Nensi Eliot. Waalidiinta u cararay dalka Mareykanka ka dib markii Kanada lug aabbihiis in kacdoonkii Mackenzie ee 1837. Markii uu 7, qoyskiisa u dhaqaaqay Port Huron, Michigan. Thomas Alva Edison, ugu yaraa oo toddoba carruur ah, halkan ku noolaa ilaa uu naftiisa bilaabay at da'da lix iyo toban. In dugsiga, wuxuu bartay aad u yar, kaliya dhawr bilood. Reading, qoraal iyo xisaabta isaga baray by hooyadiis, oo macallin ka ah. Waxa uu had iyo jeer ilmo aad u cajiib ah oo fidiyey aqoonta nafteeda.

Thomas Alva Edison qaatay caruurnimadiisii, wax badan oo ka mid ah akhriska, iyo ilaha uu waxyi ahaa buugga "The School of Philosophy Dabiiciga ah" R. Parker "Cooper Midowga horumarinta sayniska iyo farshaxanka." Wixii la doonayay oo is-horumar ku sii hadhay isaga la jiray cimrigiisii oo dhan.

Alva bilaabay shaqada da'da hore, sida carruurta ugu wakhtigaas. At 13 oo wuxuu aaday inuu shaqeeyo iibiyaha ah wargeysyada iyo nacnac on tareenka deegaanka xiriirinaya Port Huron in Detroit. Inta uu waqti free wuxuu u huray in akhrinta buugaag cilmiyeed iyo farsamo, iyo sidoo kale fursad ay ku bartaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan telegaraafka ah. By da'da 16, Edison waxaa hore u soo maray ku filan in ay ka shaqeeyaan telegrapher waqti-buuxa ah.

war abuurashadoodii ugu horeysay ee

Horumarinta ee telegaraafka ahaa talaabada ugu horeysa ee kacaanka isgaadhsiinta, iyo qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah, waxa ay si degdeg ah u koray. Tani waxay siisay Edison iyo saaxiibtiis fursad ay ku safraan, dalka u aragno oo u helaan waayo-aragnimo. Alva ka soo shaqeeyay qaar ka mid ah magaalooyin kala duwan oo United States ka hor 1868 gaaray magaalada Boston. Halkan Edison bilaabay inuu beddelo xirfadda in hindisa telegaraafka ah. Waxa uu xiranayo oo taariikhqorihii ahaa cod korontada - qalab loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo in la doorto sida Congress, si loo dedejiyo nidaamka. alifay waxay ahayd failure ganacsi. Edison go'aansaday in mustaqbalka wuu iman doonaa ilaa la waxyaalaha kaliya ee baahida dadweynaha in uu si buuxda u hubi.

Thomas Alva Edison: A Biography ah hindisa ah

In 1869 wuxuu u dhaqaaqay New York, halkaas oo uu sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan horumarinta telegaraafka iyo abuuray uu qalab ugu horeysay guul - ". Printer stock universal" qalab sarrifka Thomas Alva Edison, Been oo u geeyey isagii Dollar 40 kun., Ayaa lacagaha loo baahan yahay in 1871 loogu talagalay furitaanka goobaha shaybaarka iyo wax soo saarka ugu horeysay yar ee Newark, New Jersey. In ka badan shanta sano ee soo socota uu ku been abuurtay, oo wuxuu ka dhigay qalabka, si weyn u hagaajinta xawaaraha iyo hufnaanta telegaraafka ah. Edison ayaa sidoo kale waqti in ay guursadaan Mary Stilwell oo qoyska ka mid ah u bilaabaan helay.

In 1876, uu dhan ee ay wax soo saarka iibiyo Newark iyo xaaskiisa, carruurta iyo shaqaalaha dhaqaaqay tuulada yar ee Menlow Park, 40 km koonfur galbeed ee Magaalada New York. Edison dhisay wax cusub oo ka kooban oo dhan aad u baahan tahay shaqo inventive. shaybaarka cilmi ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee noociisa ah oo uu noqday model ah hay'adaha ka dib sida Bell Laboratories. Waxaa la sheegay in ay ahayd inuu war abuurashadoodii weyn. Halkan Edison bilaabay in la beddelo dunida.

phonograph ugu horeysay ee

war abuurashadoodii ugu horeeya ee weyn Menlow Park noqday a-bireed-phonograph. Mashiinka ugu horeysay in qori waayay iyo dhawaaqa dib u ciyaaro, u abuuray kudhegaas ah oo uu keenay warkiisii caalamiga ah Edison. waxaa la, uu kormeeray dalka iyo April 1878 uu marti qaaday in Aqalka Cad si ay u muujiyaan phonograph Madaxweynaha Rutherford Hayes.

iftiinka korontada

Shirkada weyn ee soo socota Edison ahaa horumarinta laambad incandescent wax ku ool ah. Fikradda iftiinka korontada ma ahayn cusub, iyo dhowr qof oo horay u soo shaqeeyay it on, iyo xataa si ay u horumariyaan qaar ka mid ah qaabkeeda. Laakiin ilaa wakhtigaas, waxaa la aan wax ku ool ah ayaa laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo guriga abuuray.

Edison ee mudnaanta la alifay waa incandescent ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale nidaamka korontada ah, kaas oo lahaa wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay inaad wax ku ool ah, ammaan iyo dhaqaale. Ka dib markii sano iyo badh ah oo uu ku guulaysan, goortii ilayska incandescent ah, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo a nalalka buuxieyey carbonized waayo 13.5 saacadood.

Dibad ugu horraysay ee nidaamka iftiiminta lagu qabtay bishii December 1879, markii la qalabeeyey adag ah oo dhan laboratories Menlow Park. The dhowrkii sano ee soo socota hindisa ayaa Nagi abuurka ah ee korontada. Bishii September 1882 ayuu bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan saldhigga awoodda ganacsiga ugu horeysay waxa uu ku yaalaa on Pearl Street ee Manhattan Hoose, kaas oo siiya korontada iyo iftiinka macaamiisha ka badan meel ka mid ah hal mile laba jibaaran. Sayidka bilaabay xilligii korontada.

Edison General Electric

guul iftiiminta korontada keentay hindisa in ay magac iyo maal sida technology cusub si degdeg ah ku faafay dunida oo dhan. Company Electric sii si ay u horumariyaan ilaa ay ku biireen 1889 ee "Edison General Electric." Inkastoo isticmaalka magacyada hindisa ee magaca shirkad ah, ma uusan xakameeyo. qadarka wayn ee caasimada baahan yahay horumarinta warshadaha iftiiminta, dalbadeen jiitay bangiyada maalgashiga sida JP Morgan. Marka, ee 1892, Edison General Electric ku biireen oo ay tartan ugu weyn Thompson-Houston, hindisa magaca la tirtiray ay magaca ka.

Carmalinimadeedii iyo guurka labaad

Thomas Alva Edison, kuwaas oo nolosha shakhsiga ah ee 1884 ayaa waxaa hareeyay geerida oo uu naagtiisa, Mary, ma waqti badan si ay uga sooco, Menlow Park haysan. Iyo sababta oo ah ka qaybgalka ganacsiga, wuxuu bilaabay inuu halkaas booqo xitaa ka yar. Halkii, isaga iyo sadex caruur ah - Marion Estelle, Thomas Alva Edison Jr. iyo Uilyam Lesli - noolaa New York. Sannad ka dib, nasanayso guriga saaxiib ee New England, Edison kulmay labaatan Mina Miller iyo caashaqay. Arooskii ka dhacay February 1886, iyo laba ku dhaqaaqay West Orange, New Jersey, halkaasoo arooska iibsaday uu estate aroosadda Glenmont. Lamaanahan ayaa ku noolaa halkan ilaa dhimashadiisii.

Laboratory ee West Orange

Ka dib markii uu u dhaqaaqo Thomas Alva Edison waxaa ku hawlan tijaabo ee studio ah cooshado in Factory Siraaj ee u dhow Harrison, New Jersey. Dhowr bilood ka dib markii uu guur, ayuu wuxuu goostay inuu dhiso shaybaar cusub ee uu West Orange, mile ka gurigiisa. By waqtiga uu lahaa dhaqaale ku filan iyo khibrad si ay u dhisaan ugu wanaagsan u qalabeysan iyo shaybaarka weyn, sareyso kuwa kale oo dhan, waayo, horumarka degdeg ah oo jaban oo ah Been.

dhismaha cusub ee shan dhismayaasha la furay bishii November 1887. dhismaha weyn ee saddex dabaq The ahaayeen awood, aqoon isweydaarsiyo farsamo, bakhaarada, tasiilaadka tijaabo iyo maktabad ballaaran. Afar dhismayaasha yar dhisay dadab iyo in ay ugu weyn ee ay jaan jirka, kiimikada iyo laboratories qodniinka-, aqoon iswaydaarsi ah abuurka ah ee shaybaarka iyo kaydinta of kiimikada. Cabbirka badan oo adag oo loo ogol yahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan Edison ma ka mid ah, laakiin on toban ama labaatan mashruuc oo isku mar. Dhismayaasha ku biiray ama dhiso si loo daboolo baahiyaha beddelo of hindisa ah ilaa dhimashadiisii 1931. Sanado badan oo shaybaarka ahaayeen warshadaha dhisay wax soo saarka ee curiyay Edison ee. kakan oo dhan ugu dambeyntii ka qaaday in ka badan 8 hektar, iyo inta lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, 10,000 oo qof waxaa shaqeeyay.

warshadaha wax lagu qoro

Ka dib markii furitaanka shaybaarka cusub, Thomas Alva Edison sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan phonograph ah, laakiin ka dibna waxa ay ku riday ilaa dhammaadka 1870s ku hawlan iftiinka korontada. By 1890, wuxuu bilaabay inuu soo saaro phonographs guriga iyo isticmaalka ganacsiga. Sida iftiinka korontada, ayuu loogu talagalay wax walba oo lagama maarmaan u ah shaqadooda, oo ay ku jiraan qalabka loogu talagalay duubista iyo loo maqli karo, iyo sidoo kale qalabka ay sii daayo. Xaaladdan oo kale, Edison abuuray warshadaha rikoor. Horumarinta iyo horumarinta phonograph ku tageen si joogto ah iyo ku dhawaad sii waday in ay dhimashada hindisa ah.

shaneemo

Isla mar ahaantaana Edison bilaabay abuuro qalab awood u leh samaynta isha waxa phonograph ah - waayo dhegaha. Waxay noqday shineemo. alifay ayaa waxa ay muujiyeen in 1891, iyo laba sano ka dib bilaabay saarta "filimada" in studio yar, dhisey shaybaarka, loo yaqaan "Chernaya Mariya".

Sida ay dhacdo iftiinka korontada iyo phonograph ah, nidaamka isku dhafan this ee abuurka iyo tusidda filimada ayaa la soo saaray. Markii hore, hawlaha Edison ee movie waa cusub iyo asalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan ayaa xiiso this warshadaha cusub oo doonayay in la hagaajiyo hore shaqada filimada ee hindisa ah. Sidaa darteed, ka qayb qaateen horumarka degdeg ah movies badan sameeyey. Dhamaadkii 1890 waxaa ayaa la Shafay warshadaha ah oo cusub, iyo 1918-kii waxa uu noqday sidaas oo tartan rasmi ah in xitaa Edison ka baxay ganacsiga.

failure ee iron ore u

Horumarka phonographs iyo filimada ee 1890 ka caawiyay in ay mag-failure ugu weyn ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee Edison. Muddo toban sanadood ah uu ka shaqeeyay in shaybaarka iyo miinooyinka jir bir galbeed New Jersey on hababka fiirsato of iron ore in ay buuxiyaan baahida kacsi for daqiijin jireen steel of Pennsylvania. Si aad u maal howlgalkan, Edison iibiyey "General Electric" dhammaan saamiyada ay.

In kasta oo toban sano oo shaqo ah oo malaayiin doolar ku bixisay on cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta, uu ku guuldareystay inuu ka dhigo habka ganacsi-gal ah, oo uu badiyay dhamaan lacagta maal. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay burbur dhaqaale haddii aan Edison sii waday in la horumariyo phonograph iyo filimka waqti isku mid ah. Noqo in sida laga yaabaa, hindisa galay qarnigii cusub sii dhaqaale ammaan iyo diyaar u ah inay ku tuuraan tartan cusub.

batari xumadoodu

Edison noqday tartan cusub si ay u horumariyaan baytariyo si loogu isticmaalo baabuurta korontada. alifay ahaa mid aad u jeclaan of baabuurta, iyo naftiisa oo dhan waxa uu ahaa milkiilaha noocyo badan oo ka shaqeeya ilaha tamarta kala duwan. Edison rumeysan yahay in u ah korontada ugu wanaagsan ee shidaalka, laakiin awoodda baytariyada hogaanka-acid caadiga waayo, tanu ma ahaa ku filan. In 1899 wuxuu bilaabay shaqo on batteriga xumadoodu. Mashruucan wuxuu ahaa ugu adag oo soo kaxaystay toban sano. By waqtiga ka baytariyo cusub xumadoodu la diyaariyay, baabuurta shidaalka si hagaagtay in baabuurta korontada ayaa dhif ah loo isticmaalo, inta badan iyada oo loo adeegsanayo bixinta ee magaalooyinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bateriga xumadoodu ayaa xaqiijiyay faa'iido badan ee baabuurta tareen nalalka iyo weliba qolalkii hoose, buoys badda iyo macdan qodayaasha laambadihiinnuna. Marka la barbardhigo ore birta, maalgelin weyn bixiyo boqol gabbaro, iyo muddo, batteriga waxa uu noqday wax soo saarka ugu faa'iido ah Edison.

Thomas A. Edison Inc.

By 1911, Thomas Alva Edison horumariyo hawlaha ballaaran warshadaha ee West Orange. Qiyaastii ugu warshadaha badan shaybaarka, iyo shaqaalaha adag ayaa koray in dhowr kun oo la dhisay. Si fiican hanuuniyo shaqada, Edison ururiyey uu aasaasay shirkadda ka mid ah shirkad Thomas A. Edison Inc., madaxweynaha oo dhan iyo, kuwaas oo ah guddoomiyaha uu ahaa. Waxa uu ahaa 64 sano jir, iyo doorkii uu ku lahaa shirkadda iyo nolosha bilaabay in la beddelo. Edison ayaa wakiishay ugu badan ee shaqo-maalmeedka dadka kale. shaybaarka ayaa lafteedu qaadataa in ka yar tijaabo ah asalka ah iyo in la wanaajiyo waxyaabaha hadda jira. Inkastoo Edison sii waday in ay soo gudbiso iyo hesho shatiyada Gaaloy cusub, wakhtigii abuurka ah ee wax cusub, beddesho noloshooda iyo in la abuuro warshado cusub, ka danbeeya ayaa laga tagay.

Work on difaaca

In 1915, Edison la weydiiyey inay madaxa Guddiga La-Talinta Ciidamada Bada ee. US dhow ka qaybgalka Dagaalkii Adduunka iyo abuurista guddi uu ahaa isku day ah in uu abaabulo oo talanti oo ah cilmibaadhe hormood ah oo alifay ee dalka in danaha ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka. Edison aqbalay magacaabidda. Guddiga ayaa kaalin muhiim ah in guusha kama dambaysta ah, laakiin waxay u adeegeen sida tusaale guul iskaashiga mustaqbalka u dhexeeya saynisyahano, alifay iyo US ciidamada qalabka sida. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, at da'da toddobaatan sannadood, Edison qaatay dhowr bilood on Long Island markab ee Navy ah, tijaabinayaan hababka ogaanshaha quusta.

yubilii Golden

Thomas Alva Edison ee alifay iyo soo saarka noqday icon dhaqan, calaamad u ah ganacsiga American. In 1928, in aqoonsiga guulaha uu, Congress Maraykanka isaga bilad gaar ah Honor. In 1929, dalka dabaal yubilii ah oo dahab ah oo ah iftiiminta korontada. dulucdii ee fasaxa ahayd martiqaad sharaf of Edison, kuwaas oo siiyey Henry Ford ee Greenfield Village museum taariikh cusub American (waxaa lagu gebi ahaanba shaybaarka dib-u-aasaasay Menlow Park). Sharfo booqday Madaxweynaha Gerbert Guver iyo saynisyahano badan keentay American iyo alifay.

Bedelka caag

tijaabo Recent nolosha Edison dhigay codsi ka yimid saaxiibbadiis wanaagsan Genri Forda iyo Harvey Firestone ee dabayaaqadii 1920. Waxay doonayeen in la helo il kale oo caag si loogu isticmaalo taayirada baabuurta. Ilaa wakhtigaas, wax soo saarka ee taayirada isticmaalo cinjir dabiici ah ka geed caag, kaas oo uu korayo ee dalka Mareykanka bixiyay. caag Ceyriin laga keeno oo sii kordheysa u qaali ah. Iyada oo uu caan ku Edison tamarta iyo dhamaystirka tijaabiyey kun oo dhirta kala duwan si aad u hesho bedelkiisa ku haboon, iyo ugu dambeyntii lagu ogaaday in badalka ee caag ah ayaa laga yaabaa goldenrod. Work on mashruucan sii ilaa uu ka dhinto hindisa ah.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Intii lagu jiray labadii sanno ee ugu danbeysay ee nolosha Edison uu caafimaadka ayaa si weyn u sii xumaatay. waqti badan uu ka soo shaybaadhka iska qaatay, halkii ay guriga ka shaqeeya Glenmont. Safarka A si villa qoyska ee Fort Myers ee Florida noqday dheer. Edison maray siddeetan, oo uu ka tiro ka mid ah nno soo gaaray. Bishii August 1931, wuxuu noqday mid aad u xanuunsan. caafimaadka Edison ayaa si tartiib ah uga sii daray, iyo at 3:21 am October 18, 1931 hindisa weyn u dhintay.

Waxaa la magacaabay ka dib markii magaalada New Jersey, laba kulliyadaha iyo dugsiyo badan.