Smolensk icon ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria": taariikhda, muhiimada. Meeday icon ee Virgin "Hodegetria" ah

Smolensk icon ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria" kaalinta sida mid ka mid ah noocyada iconographic. Haddii aad aaminsan tahay halyeeyga, icon la qoray wakhtiyadii hore by St. Luke. In Russia, "ayuu Hodegetria" muuqday oo keliya qarnigii line. Kaliya ee qarnigii XII ah, waxaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Smolensk, markay la saaray ee kaniisadda ee Smolensk male ah.

Maxaa ku baryayaaye icon?

Salaada Smolensk ee Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah qarniyo qadarin by badan oo masiixiyiin ah iyo waxay ka caawisaa kasta mucjisooyinka cajiib ah. Smolenskaya "Hodegetria" waxaa loo arkaa socoto weli gargaare, waxay u sheeg in ay iyaga ku hay jidka xaaladaha xun, xanuunada kala duwan, dhibaatooyin lama filaan ah. Sidoo kale, ayay ku tukaday dhibaato oo dhan, weydiinaya si ay u ilaaliyaan oo aad guriga ka baxdaan cadaawayaashiinna, oo cadaawayaashiinna badbaadiyo. Inta taariikhda, dadka Masiixiyiinta ah ayaa ka codsaday caawimo Hooyo Smolensk Ilaah in times of safmar ah oo daran.

nooca icon

Magaca of walxood - Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria". Haddii kale, waxaa loo bixin "Putevoditelnitsa". Waa ma aha oo kaliya icon gaar ah, horyaalka ee mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee qoraallada darey Marian.

Iconography u qaybsan yahay dhawr nooc oo ah qoraallada:

• Eleussa - Jacayl.
• Oranta - caabudilahaa.
• Hodegetria - Putevoditelnitsa.
• Panachranta - nadiifsan.
• Agiosoritissa (marka laga reebo ilmaha yaryar).

In si kale loo dhigo, oo dhan walxood Virgin kala qaybsan yihiin kooxo, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay muuqaalada u gaar ah caan ku images qoraal. Si loo garto icon ah, waxaad u baahan tahay oo kaliya ogaado sida ay meesha bannaan ee waxa uu muujinayaa Wajiyada Child Masiix iyo Hooyo Ilaah.

Maxaa calaamad icon ah "Hodegetria"? Halkan, image ee fog yara Child ka image ee Hooyada. Masiix ama iyadu gacmaheeda ku fadhiya, ama soo socda taagan in. Gacantaada midig ku haysta Child Masiix, sara tilmaam barakada. Iyada oo uu gacanta kale uu qabatay buug ama duudduuban in u taagan sharciga Ilaah. Mid ka mid ah aragtiyaha sida in sababta icon ku magacaaban "Putevoditelnitsey": Waxay muujisaa Mu'min ah in waddada saxda ah - Jidka Masiix. dhibcood gacanta Virgin in Baby sida "xaqa, Way u leeyahay nolol," taas oo rumaystayaasha oo dhan waa in doonaya in ay ka baxsadaan.

Description of icon qadiimiga

Sida laga soo xigtay xeerkii Church icon mucjiso ah Our Lady of Smolensk qoraal ah nolosha dunida ee Maryan oo bikrad ah. masterpiece A abuuray by Evangelist Quduuska ah Luke. Work amartay Te'ofilosow - taliye qadiimiga Antiyokh. From Antiyokh icon la geeyey Yeruusaalem, oo markaas ka dib Evdokia Empress soo bandhigay walaasheed Pulcheria Emperor ee Constantinople. Halkan, icon ah muddo dheer hayay kaniisad Blachernae ah.

Guddiga, kaasoo loo isticmaalo qoraal walxood, wax badan ayaa isbedelay ka yar miisaanka waqtiga. Haddaba waxaa adag in la ogaado oo ka kaas oo waxaa la sameeyey qori. By miisaanka waa mid aad u culus. The Hooyo Ilaah waa ka muujinayaa in ay dhexda. Gacantiisa bidix ayay taageertaa Ciise Infant ah, xaq u nasanayso on laabtiisa. Infant Ilaahnimadu in Gacanteeda bidixna waxaa heysta qorniin duudduuban, oo xaq u leedahay inaad tilmaam barakada. Dharka Virgin Mary midabka kafeega mugdiga, Ciise - cagaar madow dahab.

Yaa ka caawisaa Lady?

Ilaali nabadda iyo xasilloonida ee dalka iyo in guriga kasta oo kaa caawin doona Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria". Salaadda bixiyey inuu Virgin ah, ilaaliyaan dadka ku jira adeegga ciidamada, qof kasta oo difaacay xasilloonida ee hooyo ee. Duceeya iyada, iyo inta lagu jiro cuduro dilaacay kala duwan. Ilaaliya "Hodegetria" iyo cid ku sugan hab qof walba si looga hortago shilalka, caawinta si aad u hesho kaasaa ah jidka toosane.

Maqalka baryadii dhulka, caawinta uu naga caawiyay gaaraan baxay si uu gabadha Ilaah, oo Wiilkiisa ah, oo dawarsanayay uu dembiyada ku cafiyo our, cadhada xaqa badbaadiyey. gargaare Strong, gargaare Hodegetria, laakiin yaa ka caawiyaa?

Kaliya bogoboyaschimsya, bogonravnym, tukanayay caawisaa ee hooyada u ah Ilaah, ilaalin ka ah dhibaatooyinkiisu way cabsi badan iyo xumaanta. Anigoo aan lahayn cabsida Rabbiga, xaqnimada ma u iman doonaan inay gargaar oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah. Ma jiraan wax la yaab leh in ay tani tahay. Xumaantooda, munkar ah dadka mar labaad iskutallaabta Masiixa runtiisu. Laakiin waxa hooyadiis caawin doona colka wiilkiisa u yahay? The Hooyo Ilaah waa nooc ka mid ah oo dembilayaasha tawbadkeenka, kuwa u yimid inuu Ilaah xagga toobadda, ilmada iyo salaadda waydiistaan caawinaad. Wuxuu ka caawiyaa Virgin si dembilayaasha, qof kasta oo doonaya in uu noqon on waddada saxda ah, hagaajin ay ku bilowdeen oo keliya nolosha. Waxay dan ah oo ku saabsan penitents, kuwa, sida ina ku xadgudubta, ku soo laabtay rumaysadka Masiixa, qiran iyo Dambi Dhaaf Warsataan iyo samatabbax ka qaaday culaabtii dembi. Of kuwa aan ka toobad keenin iyagoo dembiyadooda, ma bixiso, waayo, ma nafta daryeel ma barakaysan Virgin Mary.

Smolensk icon ah Hooyo Ilaah. Taariikhda bixitaanka ee Russia

Bilowga Millennium labaad ee Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX (1042-1054) siiyey gabadhiisii u guuriyey u qurux badan Anna Ruush Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Wadada dheer ayuu u duceeyey waxa "Hodegetria" - icon mucjisada ah. Waxay waxaa la socday wadada by amiirad ee Constantinople si kibir Chernigov ah. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version, oo sidaas daraaddeed wuxuu ahaa icon an la odhan jiray "Hodegetria", ie Putevoditelnitsey.

Wiilka uu dhalay Vsevolod Yaroslavich Vladimir Monomah ayaa had iyo jeer aragti, statesman caqli iyo diblomaasiyadeed ee uu waqti. Wuxuu caan noqday sida wax Wanaajiya oo dalkooda hooyo. Ma uusan filan in uu dumo kaliya qasbi iyo salaadda a caawimaad si Virgin Mary ee barakaysan diray, waydiiso caawimaad si boqornimadiisa soo diri jihada saxda ah. Innagoo weyn wuxuu keenay mucjisada ah "Hodegetria" ee Smolensk magaalada Chernigov. Waxaa u dhex dhigay macbudka of male ah ee Virgin Mary barakaysan, kaas oo la asaasay 1101. Tan iyo waqti in, iyo waxaan helay "Hodegetria" magaca - Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah. Iyada oo taageero Ilaah, Vladimir Monomakh u suurtagashay in ay ku hoosaysiiyo amiirradii caasiyowday oo noqday hogaamiyaha weyn ee Russia, halkaas oo uu nabadda iyo kala dambeynta la aasaasay.

Miracles of icon ah. Mercury feat

calaamooyin badan ayaa icon arrin ah "Hodegetria", laakiin ugu cajiibsan waxaa loo arkaa inay Smolensk isaga ka duulaankii ee tataarka u badbaadiyaan. In 1239 waxay ahayd icon mucjiso ah Hooyada Smolensk Ilaah ka duulaankii cadowga magaalada badbaadiyey. Dadka deegaanka fahamsanahay in aan ka tarjumayaan kartaa weerarka amaanaa tataarka iyo salaadda iyagoo gubanaya, baryootankayga dunida waxay u leexatay xagga Maryan oo bikrad ah. Waxaan maqlay qirasho ay Great Mediatrix. Tataarka joojin aan ka fogayn darbiyada magaalada.

In wakhtiga kuwa xulka Smolensk adeegay sidii Slav cibaadaysan magacaabay Mercury. Wuxuu waxaa loo doortay in ee hooyada u ah Ilaah, waayo, badbaadintu ka mid ah magaalada. Habeenka November 24 macbudka, meesha uu dhawrin Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah, waxay ahayd aragti Sexton ah. Our Lady isaga u soo muuqatay oo isaga u sheegay in ay gudbaan Mercury, in uu ku hubaysan geesinimo socday xerada cadowga galay iyo inuu halligo ay Rafaa ugu weyn.

Maqalka erayo caynkaas ah ka Sexton ah, Mercury isla markiiba loola cararay macbudka. Waxa uu salaadda ku hor dhacay calanka u quduuska ah oo wuxuu maqlay cod. Our Lady codsaday iyo tilmaamo si Mercury, sidaasi darteed waxa uu ka soo furtay cadowga gaashaan guriga Smolensk iyada. Hero ayaa ka digay in ay ahayd on this Rafaa habeenkii Horde ayaa go'aansaday in ay weeraraan magaalada oo soo baabbi'i. Hooyo Ilaah Wiilka, oo Ilaah ka baryay in iyada la ilaaliyo iyo in aan gacan gelin dalka hooyo in cadowgu ku. Masiix baa u ah xoogga Mercury lahaa in laga adkaado Rafaa, laakiin guul u wada sugayeen iyo taajka shahiidnimo, taas oo ka Masiix qaadan doono.

ilmada farxad Mercury ee indhaha ka yimid, tukanayeen ka yeelno baaqaya awood caawimo ah ee Rabbiga, oo wuxuu aaday inuu xerada cadowga iyo iyaga looga adkaaday Rafaa. uu ciidamo aan la aqoon oo kaliya rajeynayay tataarka hor dagaalka ku jira. Cadaawayaashiinna hareereeyeen Mercury, waxa ku dhibtooday iyaga la, maxaa yeelay, hore ee wejiga leh xoog cajiib Quduuska ah. Ka dib markii geesi dagaal daal jiifsaday ay ku nastaan. Baxsaday ilkeed ah, maxaa yeelay, Mercury la hurda, gooyn madaxiisa.

Rabbigu ma u ogolaan cadowga inuu ka tago jidhka nijaasayn of shahiid ah, wuxuu isaga siiyey ee la soo dhaafay oo uu xoog. Mercury, in kastoo uu weli nool, magaaladuu galay iyo madaxiisa gooyey keenay. Iyada oo sharaf weyn, meydkiisiina waxaa lagu aasay kaniisadda Cathedral ee. Mercury sidoo kale canonized. In xasuusta uu feat dhammaado iyadoo la kaashanayo Hooyada Ilaah ee magaalada magaceedu wuxuu badbaadiya, sanad walba maanta (November 24) fududee hawshii mahadnaqid iyo habeenkii oo dhan ee labad maalmood ka hor ah "Odigitria". Smolensk Cathedral ee jannayo weli waxa lagu kaydiyaa kabaha iyo bir Shiishaq, kuwaas oo ku yiil Mercury habeenkaas, Faynuus.

Imaanshiyaha icon si Moscow

Tatar-Mongol harqoodka ma aan weli si buuxda looga adkaaday, iyo cadowga cusub ayaa Russia dulmay ka West ah. On soohdinta galbeedna of Smolensk waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan. icon Smolensk oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria" oo wakhtigaas ahaa hodana ah ku heyso inay iyo gargaare ee magaalada.

Muddo gaaban qarnigii XIV Smolensk hoos maareynta amiirradii Lithuanian yimid, "Hodegetria" muuqday heterodox ah.

Laakiin halkan, badbaadiyey image ee siiya Ilaah. gabadhii mid ka mid ah Lithuanian Duke Vitovta Sofiya guursaday Vasily Dmitrievich (1398-1425), Grand Duke of Moscow. Waxaan u keeneen isagii la image quduuska ah ee dhagax cad. Sidaas waxa uu ahaa in 1398 Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria" ee Moscow. Waxaa lagu rakibay ee Cathedral ee ku Annunciation, xaq u of Albaabada Royal ah.

dadka deegaanka Moscow isla markiiba dareento nimcada ka imaanaya qadiimiga "Hodegetria". In ka badan nus qarnigii a, iyadu lagu caabudi jiray iyo qadarin Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah. Laakiin by Ilaah Hooyo Ilaah ee guriga ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay ku noqdaan aad Smolensk - in ay Church of male ah, si ay u ilaaliyaan waxaa Orthodox ka, amiirradii Lithuanian la dulmay iyo adeegayaashan.

Ku noqo Smolensk

In 1456 ayay guriga ku soo laabtay icon ee Our Lady of Smolensk. Its muhiimadda ay leedahay waayo, dadka ayay u dhacday wayn. Dhamaan dadka degan waxay sugayeen iyada laabto sida mucjiso ah. Oo halkan in Moscow si ay u soo diri wafdi, madax ay Bishop Misael. Waxay tearfully weydiiyay Grand Duke ah, inay kii uu soo diray Hooyo Ilaah ee Smolensk guriga. The amiir oo boyars ku tashaday, ka dibna go'aansaday in si ay u gutaan codsiga. Ka hor inta "Hodegetria" u tageen inay Smolensk, ayaa la toogtay iyada liis sax ah.

Dad badan ayaa markaas soo ururiyey ee Church of Annunciation ah. Waxay ahayd Salaadda go'an hore iyo maamulka macbadka. Qoyska oo dhan ayaa isugu soo walxood oo amiirka, oo amiir, amiirad iyo carruurtooda - Boris, John iyo Yuri, Andrew wax yar ka on gacmihiisa. Innagoo ay qadarin icon ah. Ka dib markii in, anigoo ilmaynaya indhihiisa, Prince Metropolitan saaro Asheeraah ee Kyoto, waxaa loo dhiibay in ay gacmaha of Bishop Misael. Waxaa la siiyey Smolensk iyo astaamo kale, mar soo bixiyey, inkastoo kiniisaddu ma weydiin wax ku saabsan. Kaliya hal icon Metropolitan codsaday inuu ka tago qoyska princely - Virgin weligeed ah iyo Child. Waxa lagu siiyey barako kasta oo ka mid ah qoyska amiirka. Farxad aqbalay icon Duke iyo iyada dhunkaday.

Ka dib markii in, israac ah ku qaatay icon Smolensk si keniisad reer Mar Saba, oo ku yaalla on Field ee Virgin ee. Halkan iyo laygu sameeyey adeegga salaadda soo dhaafay, ka dib markii taas icon waxay tageen Smolensk.

Emaraadka amiirku wuxuu isaga siiyey icon ah la saaray in ay Church of Annunciation ah waa meesha ay sanado badan ahayd Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria". Maalin kasta waxaa qabsoomey salaadda a. List by icon Smolensk ka dhigay, Duke Grand ka tagay qoyskiisa.

liiska saxda ah ee icon Smolensk la fuliyay 1602. In 1666, isaga iyo Samuel "Hodegetria" waayo, dib u soo celinta la geeyay Moscow. Liiska waxaa la aasaasay ee derbiga qalcaddayda Smolensk (in munaaraddii) xaq u sarraysa Iridda ee Dnieper ah. In 1727 waxaa la aasaasay kaniisadda alwaax. In 1802 waxay dhisay kaniisad dhagax. Tani icon muddo sanado ah magaalada laga ilaaliyo ugu xumaa dhibaatooyin iyo Dhibba.

Dagaalka oo la Napoleon ee 1812

Sawirtay ah Napoleon weeraray dalka Ruushka si Asheeraah ka soo fageen ilaaliyo, Smolensk Bishop Irenaeus jidka qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga "Hodegetria" hakanayo in Moscow, halkaas oo ay ku hayay Cathedral male ah.

Ka dib markii ciidamada Ruush tagay Smolensk, liiska mucjisada ah "Hodegetria", ka dhigay in 1602, ayaa loo qaaday iyaga la magaalada ka.

Habeeynimadii oo ka mid ah Battle of Borodino Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah caawiyey askari u leedahay in kalsooni uu ku guul, loo Waxyoodo ahayn si ay u baaraan. "Hodegetria" qaadeen dhex maray ciidankii reer ciidamada dalka Ruushka, askari, raadinaya, ku tukaday waxa on oo qaatay on iimaan iyo xoog ruuxi ah.

Maalinta Battle of Borodino, icon Smolensk ay la socdaan guulo iyo Vladimir qaadeen agagaarka Belgorod, derbiyada Kremlin iyo Shiinaha magaalada, ka dibna soo diray in Lefortovo Palace, halkaas oo ay ku dhaawacmeen ayaa ku yaal. Ka hor inta uusan Moscow, icon ku gaadiid kaydinta in Yaroslavl. Dagaalka ka dib, November 5, 1812, iyada waxaa ku soo laabtay Smolensk. In xasuusta of xoraynta ee maalinta, cadowga bilaabeen in ay u dabaal sanad walba.

XX qarnigii

Maray in ka badan boqol sano, iyo mar kale in Russia weerareen qalaad ee soo duulay. The War Patriotic Great ayaa sheegay in nolosha malaayiin dad ah Soviet. Waxa uu jidka taagan tahay cadowga Smolensk. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dalka lagu qaaday dacaayad anti-diimeed, kun oo aamin ah, waajib waddani daacad, ka codsaday gargaar ka Daafaca "Hodegetria". Muuqan caawisay dadka Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria". meeday Hadda jidka qadiimiga ah, lama yaqaan, tan iyo shaqo ee Giriigga ah ee "Hodegetria" ka dheceen. At bartii halkaas oo ay ku taallay, weli taagan liiska Hooyo Ilaah, sameeyey qarnigii XVII ah. Sanado badan ayuu ka ilaaliyaa magaalada ka musiibo, dagaal, burburinta, duceeya kuwa aaminka ah si fiican falay.

Mar labaad ee Moscow

Bilowga February 2015 ahaa Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah "Hodegetria" Masiixa Cathedral oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah. Ka dib markii dib u soo celinta, kaas oo socday muddo ku dhow saddex sano, kuwa aaminka ah ay awoodaan si ay u arkaan image ah oo ka mid ah "Odigitria" oo aan ku yiilleen lacag culus. Mushaarka ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 25 kg la sameeyey 1954 oo ku saabsan deeqaha ka mid ah Smolyan. In ka sano guudahaan, deeqaha culus si loo badbaadiyo walxood ee lagu magacaabi karaa caawimo ka qiimo qoom, si xusuusta reer mushahar in loo kaydin doonaan oo soo bandhigay at Cathedral ee male ah si gooni gooni ah.

Icon joogay Moscow ilaa February 10. February 15, kadib markii muddo dheer ay mar kale ku kulmay Smolensk, updated meeshiisii hore u qaaday, in ay dib u ilaaliyo magaaladiisa.

Taasi waa taariikhda sida hore iyo xiiso, taas oo noo ogyahay Smolensk Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah. Photos xaqiijin noocyo badan oo ka mid ah "Protectress", kulligood way wada qabtaan sacrament muqaddas, caawinta faa'iido xoog maskaxda aaminka ah oo in ay aaminsan yihiin in runta ah oo ah Wiilka Ilaah ee.